Russian enterprises at the end of 2015: Anti-crisis activities and assessment of the impact of mutual Economic sanctions of the west and Russia

The results of a survey of enterprises conducted by the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences are analyzed and commented on. Answers of enterprises to the questions about the methods used by them to adapt to the crisis are given. The behavior of enterprises during the current crisis and the crisis of 2008–2009 has been compared. The opinions of Russian enterprises on the change in the tax burden in recent years and on the situation with tax evasion are presented. Estimates of Russian enterprises about how their activities have been affected by mutual sanctions of the West and Russia have been provided. Estimates of Russian enterprises about the need to produce modernization are considered. Information on the modern nature of business collaboration with banks and on the recruitment needs of enterprises has been given.     

Russian Enterprises in Spring 2018: Skepticism about the Quality of the Economic Policies of the State and Complication of the Situation with Labor Resources

The paper analyzes and comments on the results of a regular survey of Russian enterprises in the real sector, which was conducted by the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It presents the assessments which the enterprises gave to the federal and regional authorities for the quality of their economic policies. The paper reflects the views of the Russian enterprises on the role that the state must play in the economy. The viewpoint of the enterprises regarding the level of bureaucracy and corruption in various state authorities is presented. The data on the current investment activity of the enterprises and their short-term investment intentions are presented. The impact of the ruble exchange rate on the production activity of the enterprises is considered. The assessments of the enterprises about the current level of competition with foreign producers in Russian markets are reflected. The current situation with the labor demand of the enterprises is assessed.     

Modeling the Interdependence of the Economy and Power Industry Based on Multiplicative Two-Factor Functions

The paper has studied the change in the electric intensity of the Russian economy over the past 25 years. Equations have been constructed that correlate the electricity consumption with GDP (GVA for key economic sectors) and investment volume. The influence of structural changes and power consumption in particular sectors, as well as the modernization of the key economic sectors on the dynamics of the Russian economy electric intensity, has been identified.     

Russian enterprises in Spring 2016: Interactions with state authorities in the midst of an economic depression

This article represents an analysis and discussion of the results of a regular survey of enterprises that operate in the real sector, which was held by the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences. This work reflects the opinions of Russian enterprises on the role the government should play in the economy. It presents the information on how often various governmental structures were described by the enterprises as over-bureaucratized and most corrupted structures. The article lists evaluations provided by the enterprises with regard to the current economic policy of federal and regional levels of authority. It contains data on the ongoing investment activity of enterprises, their short-term investment intents, and their procurements particularly concerning machinery and equipment. It lists comparative assessments in terms of the quality of Russian and foreign equipment.     

Occupational injuries as a criterion of professional risk

This paper presents an analysis of occupational injury, which is one of the most important characteristics of professional risk to workers' health. The dynamics and completeness of recording industrial accidents in Russia during different periods of socioeconomic development have been considered, as well as the impact of labor legislation on the quality of injury recording at enterprises of the country. It has been shown that the current official data on the injury rates in the Russian Federation do not correspond to reality, which indicates a need to improve labor legislation in this area.     

Structural and investment policy as an instrument for modernizing the Russian economy

The article considers the current situation of the structural and technological imbalance in the Russian economy, as well as the nonproportional distribution of the factors of production and financial resources. The need for structural reforms in industrial production and income generation has been shown. The author discusses priorities of structural and investment policy, direction of new technological breakthrough in the long-term national strategy of entering international technological space. Special features of development of key economic sectors have been analyzed. In conclusion, quantitative estimates of economic dynamics in the long term up to 2035 have been given, which are predetermined by implementation of planned measures of structural and investment policy that provides potential for GDP growth until 2035 at a rate of no less than 3.5% on average per year.     

论黑龙江省对俄经贸合作

在对俄经贸合作活动中,黑龙江省曾做过很多有益的尝试,做出过突出的贡献,随着中俄经贸活动由无序竞争到有序的发展,黑龙江省应适时调整对俄经贸的策略,不断开拓俄罗斯市场,发挥私营企业在对俄经贸活动中的作用,加强林业、农业、科技等方面的合作,完善对俄劳务输出的政策,扩大对俄投资的力度.     

Improving the Factor Efficiency of Machinery in the Regions of the Russian Federation

The article has presented the results of research conducted to evaluate the influence of investment and innovation factors on the development of machinery in the regions of the Russian Federation. The research uses unique methods of assessing the innovative component of investment activity and the effectiveness of innovations. They have been used to perform quantitative evaluations of investment effectiveness and innovation activities in regions with the developed machinery industry, as well as the evaluation of the influence of innovation and investment factors on production indicators and foreign economic activity in these regions. The obtained results have shown that the innovative and investment activities in the majority of regions have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the output in machinery industry and potential of the regional exports. The regional machinery production behavior has been forecasted based on this.     

Survey of the combined dynamics of prices for pulp and timber

The results of a survey of the combined dynamics of prices for timber and pulp at Russian timber enterprises, which is mainly of an asynchronous nature, have been given in the article. The need to create vertically integrated structures that combine the mechanical and chemical wood processing has been substantiated in order to provide stability of wood and paper cooperation. Since, in this case, with a drop in the price of, e.g., timber, the pulp will act as a driver of growth and, with a reduction in pulp prices, it will be possible to support the level of production efficiency due to the higher timber prices.     

Russian enterprises at the end of 2016: Reaction to varying ruble exchange rate and the workforce situation

This article represents an analysis of and comments on the results of a regular survey of Russian enterprises operating in the real sector, which was conducted by the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences. It represents opinions of enterprises, the modern macroeconomic problems of which they believe to be the most acute. This article considers the responses of enterprises regarding how their activities have been affected by the mutual sanctions between Russia and Western countries, as well as by Russia’s WTO accession. We have shown the opinions of enterprises on their interests in the ruble exchange rate. This ref lects the current situation with the workforce at enterprises and gives data on their participation in solving of housing problems faced by their employees. This article contains information on how enterprises rate today’s level of competition with foreign manufacturers on Russian markets.     

金融危机对跨国中资企业在非洲业务的影响分析

2000年我国实施＂走出去＂战略,越来越多的中国企业加入到投资非洲、开发非洲的行列中来。本文从金融危机对非洲经济的影响和对在非洲投资的中资公司的影响进行了深入分析,为这些企业有效规避经营风险和更好发展提出了措施建议。     

两种乘数效应之比较:公共型投资与民工回流创业

为了拉动经济发展,我国自1999年以来采取了以积极增加政府主导下投资为主要内容的扩大内需政策。这种公共型投资,有其正面的影响但极易产生"挤出效应",加之我国经济的市场化程度低和没有配套有效的政策应对,使得投资乘数效应没有得到应有的发挥,且产生了一些非经济效果。而回流民工创业,从投资主体的形成和创业的效果来看,都在很大程度上克服了公共型投资产生的弊端。它符合和满足了乘数作用的机理及其基本约束条件,从而大大提高了投资的乘数效应。     

Russian Companies at the End of 2017: Absence of Significant General Economic Changes and Progress in the Machinery Industry

The results of a regular poll of Russian companies in the real sector carried out by the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been analyzed and commented on. The companies’ opinions on which macroeconomic problems in modern Russia they consider to be the most urgent have been presented. The data has been given on the methods the companies use to solve their production, financial, and marketing problems, as well as on the frequency of using these methods. The companies’ answers to questions on how mutual sanctions between the West and Russia have affected their activities have been considered for the fourth time. The estimates of the companies on the quality of the Russian machines and equipment, as well as a comparison of the quality of the Russian equipment with foreign analogs have been presented. The opinions of companies on the economic policy of the regional authorities have been studied. Information about the character and level of cooperation between the Russian companies and banks has been given. The current situation with provision of the companies with the labor resources has been presented.     

Formation of an investment model of economic development of Russia

The article describes approaches to assessing the role of the mechanism of investment development of economic. An analysis of the characteristics of the investment process in Russia in the 2000s–2010s has been conducted. The possibilities of eliminating the identified imbalances by improving investment policy of the government have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to the problems of forming models of the investment development of Russian economy in the medium term.     

Macroeconomic assessment of the state of regional labor markets in the Asian part of the Russian Arctic

The article analyzes the current conditions of the sector of employment and labor market in the regions of the Asian part of the Russian Arctic (about employment in the European part of the Russian Arctic see No. 1, 2016). Major changes in the structure of the sources of the formation of the manpower resources and its distribution by sectors of activity have been studied. An inertial assessment of the medium-term dynamics of the basic parameters of the regional labor markets has been given.     

技术内部董事、财务冗余与研发投资——来自中国高新技术企业的经验证据

财务冗余作为未被吸收的超额储备,管理者对其配置具有很强的自由裁决力,是极其关键 的创新资源,财务冗余下创新投资不足对高新技术企业是更严重的代理问题。文章以2012-2016 年 沪深两市高新技术企业面板数据为样本,运用系统GMM 估计实证检验技术内部董事对财务冗余 和创新投资关系的调节作用。研究发现：（1）财务冗余能够促进高新技术企业的研发投资;（2） 技术内部董事能够增强财务冗余与研发投资之间的正相关关系;（3）当高新技术企业受到负面冲 击时,技术内部董事能够确保财务冗余持续分配给研发投资,减轻风险规避下的创新投资不足。 文章进一步拓展代理理论,强调在企业创新投资中,技术内部董事在抑制CEO 的风险规避决策和 减轻独立董事的信息不对称方面所发挥的关键作用。     

Investment and construction activities in modern Russia: State and trends

The article analyzes the current state and problems that hinder the development of investment and construction activities in Russia in 2004–2014 and assesses the efficiency of this field against the background of problems related to the use of the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation. For the first time, a methodological approach to assessing import shares in investments in the acquisition of machinery, equipment, and transport means as one of the asset types in the domestic economy has been justified and the results of appropriate assessments have been given. The article proposes ways to solve pressing problems in the field of investment and construction activities, as well as demands that should be placed on the formation of state investment and construction policy.     

企业投融资期限错配如何影响其绩效

企业将短期资金用于长期投资使得企业投融资期限错配对其绩效的影响一直是学者们关注的焦点。文章以 2007-2021年沪深 A 股上市制造企业面板数据为样本，基于红皇后竞争理论考察这些企业的投融资期限错配是如何作用于多市场接触并影响企业的绩效水平，同时引入竞争经验这个调节变量，对市场竞争的情境因素进行综合考量。研究发现：投融资期限错配对企业绩效具有显著的负面影响；多市场接触在投融资期限错配与企业绩效间起部分中介作用；竞争经验在投融资期限错配与多市场接触间具有负向调节效应，并弱化了多市场接触的中介作用。研究结论不仅为理解投融资期限错配对企业绩效的影响机制提供了一个新的微观视角，也为企业管理者做出正确的投融资决策提供了一定的经验证据与参考。     

绿地投资还是跨国并购:中国企业OFDI模式选择研究

对外直接投资模式选择是企业国际化战略中的关键决策。文章运用中国工业企业数据库和商务部境外投资企业名录匹配基础上的补充数据，实证考察企业在绿地投资和跨国并购之间的对外投资模式选择。研究表明：随着企业生产率、资本密集度，以及东道国经济发展水平、关税水平和制度环境的提升，企业进行跨国并购的概率提高；随着企业规模、研发投入，以及东道国市场规模、文化距离的增大，企业选择绿地投资的概率提高；相比来看，非国有企业、资本密集型企业和具有国际化经验的企业对各类影响因素更加敏感，在OFDI模式选择中受到的影响程度更大。     

融资约束、协同创新策略与企业研发投入——基于世界银行中国企业调查数据的分析

利用世界银行中国企业微观调查数据对融资约束、企业间协同创新策略与企业研发投入三者之间的作用关系进行了研究。结果表明:融资约束和企业协同创新策略对企业研发投入分别 具有显著的负向抑制作用和正向促进作用;企业协同创新在一定程度上能够通过缓解企业面临的 融资约束以促进企业研发投入;但企业协同创新的融资约束缓解机制对于大中型企业及出口型企 业的研发投入促进作用不显著,而对其它类型企业研发投入促进作用显著。据此,促进企业协同 创新,为企业协同创新创造良好的外部环境,深化金融市场改革,完善金融市场建设,将有利于 促进企业研发投入及国家创新体系的培养。