从公共政策视角看1960年代以来西方规划理论的演进

从强调过程以及多元利益主体参与的公共政策视角,分析了20世纪60年代以来西方城市规划理论从渐进主义—倡导式规划—沟通式规划和协作式规划的演进脉络,着重介绍了这些理论产生的社会背景、思想基础、主要特征及对规划实践的贡献.这一演进过程,可以从规划转型的动力机制、社会经济转型后对规划作用的认识、规划师定位的转变、规划教育改革,以及中国城市规划理论的发展等方面,给中国当前的城市规划向公共政策转型带来启示.     

基于公共政策理念的城市规划制度建设

将城市规划作为政府的重要公共政策的认识是国家新时期城市发展的现实需要.论文通过梳理中国现代城市规划内涵的演变,解释了城市规划作为一项公共政策出现的历史必然性;然后从制度与公共政策的关系角度,认为这一新的认识对城市规划制度建设提出了新的要求,并在此基础上对今后城市规划制度的建设提出建议.     

城市规划的政策属性

通过对相关文献的解读,认为我国对城市规划政策属性的认识随着社会发展在不断深化,可以分为三个阶段。基于城市规划作为公共政策的定位,从多个视角对城市规划的政策属性展开研究,认为城市规划要真正实现向公共政策的转型,关键是按照公共政策的属性,重新系统地建构城市规划学科知识体系,尤其是要将城市规划纳入整个社会系统,进行制度创新。     

基于内容分析法的中美城市规划公共政策议题比较研究

城市规划作为公共政策维护和代表公共利益,此观点已基本得到国内城市规划界认同.然而在现有法律法规体系下,城市规划如何实现向公共政策的转型？对此问题,规划理论界目前尚无定论.本文通过内容分析法比较中美城市规划领域核心期刊中公共政策相关议题的变化趋势,得出由物质性规划向公共政策转型的三条实现路径以供借鉴:拓宽关注议题,加强规...     

城市规划师胜任力养成路径模型分析

在当前国家全面深化改革,大力推进城乡一体化可持续发展的背景下,城市规划工作已成为国家治理体系的重要组成部分。城市规划师直接参与城市规划工作,其胜任力水平一定程度上影响到国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的效果。城市规划师胜任力的养成不应仅仅依靠理论知识的学习与业务技能的提升,自我定位、团队合作与协调能力等方面素质的提升也是十分关键的因素,而工作积极性、责任感、严谨性等工作态度的养成是更为核心的内在驱动力。通过建立科学的结构方程路径分析模型,可以有效地找出城市规划师胜任力养成要素,从而进一步提出提升城市规划师胜任力水平的途径与方法。     

纪念任震英大师

震英同志是中华人民共和国成立后第一代红色建筑师和规划师.随着新中国城市规划事业的诞生和成长,他在五十年代就主编了甘肃省兰州市的总体规划,这是全国城市规划工作开展最早的城市之一.震英同志堪称是兰州城市规划的创业者.     

城市规划中弱势群体利益的程序保障--以旧城改造过程为例

提出了城市规划作为社会工程的社会目的性特征;阐述了现实中城市规划往往难以实现弱势群体利益的状况和原因.借鉴公共政策的程序理论,探讨了城市规划过程中弱势群体的利益的制度保障和程序安排.其中包括完善规划提案机制、建立规划听证制度以及建立社区规划师制度等.     

震后重建:唐山与汶川——汪德华同志访谈录

按语:汪德华同志当时是沈阳市城市规划院规划室副主任,后在国家城建总局规划局、城乡建设环境保护部规划局、建设部规划司工作,从事城市总体规划技术审查和规划设计管理,先后担任处长、局(司)副总规划师、总规划师.(谈话时所指之图是汪德华同志所著<中国城市规划史纲>193页上的唐山总体规划图和新唐山一市三城布局图.)     

浅谈城市规划层面的城市社会学研究

本文旨在从规划师的视域初步探讨城市规划层面的城市社会学研究内容,包括社区发展规划、城市复兴与更新、社区物质环境整治、规划的公众参与、老龄化与社区养老研究以及城市公共空间研究等.同时以北京西单文化广场使用模式调查殚为案例,透视城市社会学在城市规划领域的应用.     

城市规划过程和反馈调节

城市规划学理论的构成,大体上可以包括三方面:一是城市规划的对象——城市的发生、发展运动规律的理论,如城市与区域的关系、城市生活和经济各功能的相互关系及其演变发展规律等;二是城市规划过程的研究,即规划师从事城市的规划时的思想指导     

适应型城市:将适应气候变化与气候风险管理纳入城市规划

气候变化对城市规划提出新的要求,即:通过人口、土地等资源的时空配置,最大限度地减小城市面临的潜在气候风险。本文从"城市发展如何考虑气候变化与风险管理需求"这一核心问题出发,探讨了气候风险、气候风险管理及适应型城市的概念和内容,指出在中国城市化提升阶段,城市发展迫切需要加强气候风险管理的意识和能力。基于国外城市应对气候变化风险的实践与经验,提出将适应与气候风险管理纳入城市规划,提出构建适应型城市的几个要点。     

Urban shrinkage in Germany and the USA: a comparison of transformation patterns and local strategies

Many American and European cities have to deal with demographic and economic trajectories leading to urban shrinkage. According to official data, 13% of urban regions in the US and 54% of those in the EU have lost population in recent years. However, the extent and spatial distribution of declining populations differ significantly between Europe and the US. In Germany, the situation is driven by falling birth rates and the effects of German reunification. In the US, shrinkage is basically related to long-term industrial transformation. But the challenges of shrinking cities seldom appeared on the agendas of politicians and urban planners until recently. This article provides a critical overview of the development paths and local strategies of four shrinking cities: Schwedt and Dresden in eastern Germany; Youngstown and Pittsburgh in the US. A typology of urban growth and shrinkage, from economic and demographic perspectives, enables four types of city to be differentiated and the differences between the US and eastern Germany to be discussed. The article suggests that a new transatlantic debate on policy and planning strategies for restructuring shrinking cities is needed to overcome the dominant growth orientation that in most cases intensifies the negative consequences of shrinkage.     

Professional education in urban planning: A framework for growth

Expanded interest in socio-economic problems have created new opportunities for the urban planning profession. Because of their emphasis on physical and land-use aspects of the city, traditional educational programs in urban planning have been unable to deal adequately with these new opportunities. Changes in program orientation and emphasis to meet these new challenges have started to take place in some urban planning departments. It remains to be seen how effective some of these changes will be over the long run.

This paper considers some current aspects of urban planning education. The role of professional education in our society is examined along with the role of science in planning. Based on this analysis, a framework is proposed for the future growth of professional education in urban planning. Because of its strong orientation towards a “science of planning”, this proposal appears to be somewhat different than other changes currently being considered in some urban planning programs.     

中国古代城市"取物比类"文化现象透视

中国古代城市具有丰富的文化内涵,在古代城市的建设中,人们往往通过特定的设计或进行比附,使城市体现出某种事物形象,来表达人们对城市的良好祝愿.本文具体阐述了中国古代城市在规划建设中所体现出来的这种文化现象.     

City size and urban labor productivity in China: New evidence from spatial city-level panel data analysis

The previous literature has generally found that most Chinese cities were undersized in the 1990s. However, little is known about how urban agglomeration in China has evolved since the country began to experience much faster urbanization and deep marketization after 2000. Based on panel data of 281 cities between 2000 and 2013, our spatial panel data regression results show that the scale impact of city size on urban productivity appears to have an inverted U shape, and its effect will grow when the cities’ industrial structure becomes more dominated by the service sector. There are also significant spatial interactions and spatial heterogeneity of urban agglomeration among Chinese cities. Furthermore, we compute the optimal size for each city and find that most Chinese cities are still undersized in recent years. Based on our findings, we argue that the Chinese government should focus on promoting sufficient growth of medium sized cities in its new urbanization strategy.     

关于城市道路规划中存在的问题

随着城市化进程的加快,城市道路规划和建设的问题日益凸显出来了,本文指出了城市道路规划中存在的点滴问题:城市道路规划的随意性;城市道路规划重视道路交通功能、空间功能规划,轻视道路环境功能规划;城市道路规划缺乏严肃性,道路交通拥挤现象层出不穷;城市道路规划中没有体现"以民为本"的原则。这些问题的出现对我们的城市建设和发展产生了一定的影响。     

南京发展都市产业的现状及存在问题研究

作为优化产业结构、提升城市能级、增强城市竞争力的重要措施和核心力量,发展都市产业在我国的经济发达地区和城市得到了高度的重视。在界定都市产业概念的基础上,文章对南京都市产业的发展现状及存在的问题进行了分析,同时给出了相应的战略措施。     

中西现代城市设计发展比较研究

城市设计是关于城市空间环境的一项重要的社会实践.在不同的背景条件下,中西方现代城市设计的发展存在一些共性及差异.我国正处于社会转型期和城市发展加速时期,大量的城市建设需求必须有科学的管理方法和良好的设计思路为指导.通过对中西现代城市设计的发展进行比较研究,进而为我国城市设计的进一步发展提出建议.     

Urbanization and the City Image in Lowry at Tate Britain: Towards a Critique of Cultural Cityism

This article explores cultural cityism at a time when a more expansive, ‘planetary’ urbanization is argued to have superseded ‘the city’ as the dominant urban form. It takes an essentially Lefebvrian problematic and works this through an examination of one aspect of contemporary metropolitan culture, the L.S. Lowry exhibition at Tate Britain, held in the summer of 2013. The article scrutinizes the juxtaposition of Lowry's images of the industrial city with the image of ‘global’, corporate London provided by Tate Britain itself. The exhibition is presented as evidence of Lefebvre's argument that although the urban core has imploded and exploded, through images the city ‘can perpetuate itself, survive its conditions’. Taking stock also of the preponderance of city images in culture more widely, it is argued such images make a fetish of the city, producing also an ‘urban pastoral’ that obscures the defining characteristics of urban life today. Finally, Benjamin's concept of the ‘dialectical image’ and Rancière's notion of the ‘sentence image’ are invoked to capture the flashing together of past and present city images and the opportunities for critical reflection this constellation presents.     

城市交通及其塑造城市形态的功能——以北京市为例

城市交通与城市形态之间存在着复杂的相互作用关系。特定的城市形态必定要求特定的城市交通模式与其相适应;而城市交通又具有引导城市形态发展、塑造城市形态的功能。从交通方式与城市形态、城市交通与城市土地使用的相互作用机制、城市交通设施建设的时机和时序对城市形态的影响等方面,分析交通与城市形态之间的关系,同时为解决北京的交通和城市发展问题提供思路。