南平隧道斜井反坡排水设计与施工

本文针对南平隧道这一长大单线隧道及其附属的大坡度富水斜井反坡排水过程中遇到的出水量大、高差大的实际困难,提出了相应的反坡排水施工方案,并在现场实际应用中通过排水设备、管线选型,水沟及截水沟的施做、水仓及临时集水坑的设置,成功减少了隧道出水量大对正洞施工的影响,有效的保证了工期,同时提高了经济效益。     

麦积山隧道2#斜井涌水处理及反坡排水方案浅谈

隧道出现大的涌水和集中出水,采用反坡排水和后注浆堵水相结合的方式,对出水做到有效地"引、截、排、堵",将隧道涌水对施工进度的影响降到最低,有效提高施工工效,反坡排水重点是根据现场实际合理设置泵站位置,按需配备足够的抽排水设备并充分考虑最大出水可能预备排水能力,以便灵活、及时地处理出水增大对隧道掘进的影响;本文结合宝兰客运专线铁路麦积山隧道2#斜井施工出现涌水及处理过程中施工方案和排水设施配置的不断优化调整,总结出的一套适用于隧道涌水处理的施工方法。     

大湾引水工程长距离隧洞施工通风、排水、用电技术

由于隧洞工程距离长,断面和空间狭小,因此通风、排水、用电技术施工难度大。本文通过对7#大湾隧洞通风、排水和用电技术进行分析,对施工阶段和管理进行合理设计,取得了良好的社会和经济效果,为小断面的通风、排水和用电施工措施积累了宝贵的经验。     

关于水库岸坡多级同步排水系统的研究——以重庆市云阳县凉水井滑坡为例

传统的水库岸坡排水措施存在明显的局限性和滞后性,排水效果不佳。文章立足于传统岸坡排水措施,根据连通器原理,从重庆市云阳县凉水井滑坡具体实际出发,创新性地将集水井和排水管道相结合,合理布置排水通道,结合新材料的运用,提出了多级同步排水系统,为岸坡防护探索出一条新途径。     

浅析小断面大坡度隧道反坡排水施工

本文主要以中铁一局集团有限公司所承建中缅油气管道隧道工程---大地尖山隧道为例，从隧道水量分析、现场实际情况等方面介绍大坡度反坡施工排水，经过实践为同类隧道的顺利施工提供了科学依据。     

岩溶隧道地下水封堵加固及引排利用技术

本文针对岩溶隧道地下水防治,详细介绍了采用超前局部注浆、双层小导管超前支护对隧道预加固,并实现对围岩内局部地下水的封堵.提出了隧道内反坡集排水方案,通过隧道水引排,实现部分地下水的循环再利用,总结形成了基于生态平衡的隧道地下水渗控方法及限排水循环利用施工方案,以期对类似工程提供借鉴和参考.     

浅析高速公路滑坡治理及灌浆排水施工工艺——以钟马高速公路为例

文章介绍了百花滩2#隧道因施工开挖造成古滑坡的复活,为保证隧道及隧道引桥的稳定,采用灌浆、抗滑桩、坡面坡体排水及护岸、夯填裂缝等措施进行滑坡处理.文章主要介绍了灌浆及坡体排水施工控制要点,通过滑动面层处的灌浆固结达到稳定坡体的作用,而坡体排水降低地下水位起到降低滑坡体的推力、增加土体黏聚力和内摩擦角、稳定边坡的作用,减少了滑坡对公路正常施工的干扰.     

浅析某小断面长隧洞开挖施工进度缓慢的原因

随着小型水电站及引水工程的建设,小断面长隧洞不断出现。在各类隧洞中,这类隧洞施工难度较大。小断面使高效机械难以进洞作业,只能采用以人工为主的方法开挖,而且通风、排水、运碴也很困难。如果施工方法、施工机械组合不当就会造成施工进度缓慢,从而影响工期。文章分析了某小断面长隧洞施工进度缓慢的原因,以供同类工程借鉴。     

浅析高速公路滑坡治理及灌浆排水施工工艺——以钟马高速公路为例

文章介绍了百花滩2^#隧道因施工开挖造成古滑坡的复活，为保证隧道及隧道引桥的稳定，采用灌浆、抗滑桩、坡雨坡体排水及护岸、夯填裂缝等措施进行滑坡处理。文章主要介绍了灌浆及坡体排水施工控制要点，通过滑动面层处的灌浆固结达到稳定坡体的作用，而坡体排水降低地下水位起到降低滑坡体的推力、增加土体黏聚力和内摩擦角、稳定边坡的作用，减少了滑坡对公路正常施工的干扰。     

浅析某小断面长隧洞开挖施工进度缓慢的原因

随着小型水电站及引水工程的建设,小断面长隧洞不断出现.在各类隧洞中,这类隧洞施工难度较大.小断面使高效机械难以进洞作业,只能采用以人工为主的方法开挖,而且通风、排水、运碴也很困难.如果施工方法、施工机械组合不当就会造成施工进度缓慢,从而影响工期.文章分析了某小断面长隧洞施工进度缓慢的原因,以供同类工程借鉴.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.