巴西“大国外交”的亮点——与发展中大国加强合作

自20世纪初以来,巴西对外政策的最大目标是希望获得其大国地位的国际认同,认可它在国际事务中能够担当一个大国所能发挥的作用。虽然各个时期的外交政策不尽相同,但提升巴西的国际影响力、成为世界大国这个最高目标却一直得到延续。从前总统卢拉任内开始,南南合作成为巴西对外政策优先考虑的重点与核心。现任总统罗塞夫政府在外交上加速推动“大国崛起”战略,更加注重与新兴的发展中大国的实质性合作,以期最终实现“大国梦想”,以便在推动世界格局向多极化发展、促进和维护世界和平的进程中,体现和发挥巴西的政治作用和影响力雇新的国际战略格局中为巴西争取有利的国际地位,更好地维护国家利益与国家安全。     

冷战后经济因素对世界政治的影响

世界经济格局多极化的发展，必然导致世界政治格局的多极化。冷战结束后，经济因素对世界政治的影响日益增大，经济安全成为国家安全的主要内容，经济手段成为实现政治目的重要方式，国际经济的发展促进了世界的和平与稳定。     

新观点

国务院总理温家宝：在制定国民经济发展规划、调整产业结构和产业布局时,优先考虑扩大就业规模、改善就业结构、创造良好就业环境的需要,探索建立经济政策对就业影响的评价机制,把就业完成情况纳入政府综合考核体系。     

西部生态脆弱地区的资金战略探讨

本以甘孜州为案例，从“深绿色”可持续发展的观念思考西部生态脆弱地区的资金战略，提出西部生态脆弱地区在国家和全社会购买生态产品的同时，还要适当控制人口规模和向外移民，把生态优先、社会发展优先、教育优先的发展方针放在重要位置，让西部生态脆弱地区经济社会全面发展，通过生态产品商品化推动生态脆弱地区建立起具有自我积累、自我发展能力的体制和机制，使其走上可持续发展的全面小康建设之路。     

浅谈反洗钱现状及几点建议

洗钱是一种严重的经济犯罪，它极大地破坏经济活动的公平公正原则，影响市场经济有序竞争，损害金融机构声誉，威胁国家资金安全，而且与贩毒、走私、偷税、漏税等犯罪相联系，对一个国家的政治稳定、经济安全、社会安定以及国际政治经济体系构成严重威胁。     

扩大民族地区公民政治参与的途径分析

研究和探讨民族地区公民政治参与问题具有重要的现实意义。这不仅是新时期民主工作追求的目标,也是保障社会公正,实现民族平等权利,解决民族矛盾,维护社会稳定的重要对策。本文从发展经济、完善政治制度、政务公开、增强公民意识等几个方面分析了扩大民族地区公民政治参与的途径。     

国际

G20峰会通过圣彼得堡宣言二十国集团(G 20)领导人9月6日在第八次峰会上通过了《二十国集团圣彼得堡峰会领导人宣言》。宣言指出,G 20在改善金融市场形势、支持世界经济复苏方面采取了一系列重要措施。美国私营部门需求增加,英国和日本经济恢复增长,欧元区经济呈现复苏迹象。一些新兴市场国家经济出现增速下滑。世界经济复苏势头还很脆弱,世界各地区经济增速还存在较大差距,风险仍在加剧。宣言说,刺激增长和创造就业是G 20的优先任务,各成员应采取果断措施改善就业状况,推动强劲、可持续和平衡增长。G 20领导人认为,确保对基础     

托索维斯基困境转型国家的资本流动

在对全球资本市场开放的过程当中，转型国家看起来有点像一个充满危险的世界中的诚实公民。在一个庞大而又显得飘忽不定的潜流当中，他们很脆弱。人们不能将这种资本流动视为破坏稳定的孤立或者是偶然的因素。这种资本流动实际上是转型当中人们必须面对的挑战，所以也应该是确定政策时必须认真考虑的因素。     

限制开发区域生态保护优先

限制开发区域必须坚持保护优先、适度发展的方针,从根本上扭转不顾当地生态环境条件盲目搞建设的做法限制开发区域是指资源环境承载能力较弱、大规模集聚经济和人口条件不够好的生态环境脆弱区域。从国家层面看,主要是事关全国或较大区域范围生态安全的天然林保护地     

延迟退休年龄对青年就业的影响

人口老龄化问题是世界难题,国际上多个国家和地区已经开始实行推迟退休年龄以减轻老龄化带来的巨大压力。就我国老龄化形势而言,这一举措无疑是顺应时代发展。值得注意的是,我们需要正确认识并深入了解延迟退休年龄对青年就业的影响,并作出客观公正的评价。本文首先指出了我国实行延迟退休的必要性,其次就其对青年就业产生的影响进行了分析,最后提出了相关的建议和对策。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.