我国物流产业集聚区的资源获取效应

利用扎根理论从实地访谈资料中提取企业从物流产业集聚区获得的资源类型,据此构建了物流产业集聚区资源获取效能的假设结构模型。通过问卷调研收集数据,运用结构方程模型,对各类资源之间的关系,以及物流产业集聚区的资源获取效能与企业绩效的作用关系、对企业成长潜力的直接和间接作用进行实证检验。结果表明:我国物流产业集聚区在企业获取政策资源、设施服务资源、声誉资源和管理资源方面具有显著作用;政策资源对企业短期财务绩效的促进作用最为显著,但从长远发展来看不利于企业竞争力的提高;管理资源的获取在促进企业成长和长远发展方面的作用最为突出。     

Technical efficiency of high technology medicine

Intensive care units (ICUs) are classic examples of high technology medicine. The ICU has become an essential step in the clinical management of patients passing through a phase of critical illness, However, the costs are extremely h9gh (1% of GNP in the USA), whereas it has not ben adeqyately demonstrated that routine admission to intensive care is associated with an increase in survival rate and a decrease in morbidity. Consequently, intensive care is a logical arena in which to encourage more efficient use. The paper focuses on determinates of the technical efficiency of the ICU. Technical efficiency can only be ensured when the ICU is conceived as a responsibility centre where inputs, throughputs and outputs are measured. The reaponsbility centre in characterized by management control, which is dependent on reliable information regarding incentives and constraints of ICU performance. On the basis of the medical and economic literature, conjectures are made on determinants of ICU performance. In addition, some results are presented of a feasibility study commissional by the Netherlands Ministry of Health.     

An Interactive Economic Policy Approach to Manage Structural Change: The case of industry conversion in the German state of Bremen

The present paper deals with (1) the regional experience of a severe and sudden structural change sometimes faced by regions and cities which display considerable industrial specialisation, and (2) a proactive regional economic policy response: it offers a theoretical explanation of this policy and discusses the basic philosophy behind it, the agents involved, the instruments it employs and its effects. The German state (Land) of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen is a port and industry centre that has not only had considerable experience of industrial decline, but also of proactive industrial policy involvement. In addition, being the centre of the defence industry in northern Germany, Bremen experienced dramatic structural change due to the disarmament process that occurred during the 1990s. Bremen's industrial defence conversion approach has been widely considered as a case for further developing network forms of regional economic policy and for a managed industrial diversification strategy. It has indeed developed as a way to manage industrial change during the last ten years. This paper will discuss (1) the basic industrial problem; (2) some background conditions needed for success; (3) the approach and instruments developed; (4) the results obtained; and (5) a theoretical consideration on the basis of the experience.     

产业技术体系演进视角下技术轨道跃升对创新绩效的影响

科技发展速度日益加快,产业技术体系演进不断深化,产业技术轨道跃升对技术创新的影响日益突出,并进一步影响创新绩效。由此,构建以产业技术创新体系演进为中介变量的产业技术轨道影响创新绩效的理论模型,探讨产业技术体系演进的中介作用,并对模型进行实证研究。结果表明：产业技术轨道跃升对产业技术体系演进具有显著推动作用,产业技术体系演进能够促进创新绩效提升,产业技术轨道跃升对创新绩效的直接影响不显著,需要通过产业技术体系演进的中介作用。     

地区市场异质性、研发投入对企业创新绩效的影响

基于规模以上制造业企业面板数据,利用面板数据固定效应模型,分析研发投入、地区市场异质性对企业创新绩效的影响,以及地区市场异质性在研发投入影响企业创新绩效上的调节作用。结果表明,研发投入对企业创新绩效有显著正向影响,地区市场规模对企业创新绩效有显著负向影响,地区市场竞争程度对企业创新绩效也有显著负向影响;地区市场规模在研发投入对创新绩效的影响关系上有显著负向调节作用,地区市场竞争程度也有显著负向调节作用。     

1978-2003年中国经济重心与产业重心的动态轨迹及其对比研究

文章首先阐述重心问题及分析方法,然后,分别从移动方向、距离、速度、原因等方面详细分析了经济重心、产业重心的动态变化特点,最后从整体上对比研究了产业重心与经济重心之间的关系。     

The Czech Labour Market in Transition: Evidence from a Micro Study

In contrast to the other countries in eastern and central Europe, unemployment has so far increased only modestly in the Czech Republic. Results are reported from a panel survey of a sample of initially unemployed workers in the industrial centre of Ostrava, interviewed in three rounds during 1993. Results are reported regarding the wage in the former job, the reservation wage, the wage in a new job and the minimum acceptable wage in another job for those who have become employed during the panel study. Finally, results from estimating a hazard function for leaving unemployment are reported.     

社会创业导向、知识管理能力与NPO绩效的关系

以知识管理能力作为中介变量,将非营利组织(nonprofit organizations,NPO)的绩效分解为社会绩效和财务绩效,构建了社会创业导向与NPO绩效关联的理论模型。利用针对158家NPO所做的问卷调查的数据,借助结构方程建模等对理论模型进行实证分析。结果表明:社会创业导向、知识管理能力对NPO的社会绩效和财务绩效均有显著的正向影响;知识管理能力在社会创业导向与NPO的社会绩效和财务绩效的关系中分别具有部分中介作用和完全中介作用。     

就业能力、求职强度与就业绩效关系研究

知识与网络经济改变了传统的雇用方式,就业能力成为员工与企业竞争制胜的重要基础。本文将就业绩效细分为获得绩效与持续绩效,并以283个样本数据为基础,研究了就业能力、求职强度与就业绩效三者间的关系。结果表明:①个体就业能力及求职强度与获得绩效正相关;②个体的就业能力维度中,除了责任感与持续绩效正相关以外,其余能力均与持续绩效负相关;③个体求职强度对就业能力与获得绩效的关系起中介作用。文章还讨论了这一结果对管理实践的意义。     

企业绩效的价值评价法

绩效评价是绩效管理的核心。企业绩效的价值评价法是对企业在一定经营期间的绩效,以价值为准绳,运用一定的管理原理和技术手段,从企业的顾客价值、经济价值、人力价值、管理价值、国家价值、社会价值、供应价值和环境价值八个方面设置一些评价指标,从价值的角度作出客观、合理、公正评判的方法,是企业绩效评价的一种新方法。     

产业技术创新战略联盟冲突对联盟企业创新绩效的影响

将产业技术创新战略联盟中的冲突划分为联盟过程冲突、联盟任务冲突和联盟关系冲突,提出3种类型的冲突与联盟企业创新绩效间影响关系的假设,并利用调研数据对假设进行验证。实证结果表明:联盟过程冲突和关系冲突总体上对联盟企业的创新绩效具有阻碍作用;任务冲突对联盟企业的创新绩效具有双向的影响作用。     

Technology transfer and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper explores the relationship between technology transfer activities and innovation performance with special reference to Chinese industrial firms. It is based on a recent nationwide survey covering 2334 Chinese industrial firms. The impact of technology transfer on their innovative performance was analyzed for all the responded firms and similar analyses also addressed the issue from perspectives of general industrial firms versus high-tech firms, and large firms versus small and medium firms. Several critical types of technology transfer activities were identified and both positive and negative impacts were discussed along with the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The study revealed that the innovation activities in Chinese manufacturing firms could not be boosted substantially merely through the acquisition of key equipment and apparatus from abroad. The findings also suggested that Chinese firms should develop their technological absorptive capacity and transformative capacity, and foster technology transfer and communications among trading partners. Moreover, it would be crucial for Chinese firms to stress the nurturing of indigenous innovation capabilities so as to sustain their performance improvement.     

网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间的关系——基于知识流入的视角

从知识流入的视角,构建了网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间的关系模型。以我国珠三角地区的民营科技企业为样本,运用结构方程模型,对网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效的相互影响机制及知识流入的中介作用进行了实证研究。结果表明:网络关系嵌入对知识流入和管理创新绩效均存在显著的正向影响;知识流入在网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间发挥着完全中介作用;加入控制变量——企业规模和研发投入比后,在规模较小的企业中,网络关系嵌入并不能促进知识流入,在规模较大的企业中,研发投入比的增加不能显著提升管理创新绩效。     

西部地区资源型产业R&D效率研究:基于DEA的分析

基于产业经营绩效和创新产出绩效两个视角,运用投入导向的规模报酬不变(CRS)的DEA模型和超效率方法,对西部12个省、市、区资源型产业R&D的效率进行实证分析。结果表明,在现有的产出水平下,各个省、市、区资源型产业R&D投入效率较低;各个省、市、区相同资源型产业研发实力和研发管理效率以及研发成果产生的经营绩效上的差异导致同一产业R&D投入产生不同的贡献度,这其中研发成果产生的经营绩效差异性是主要原因。     

近10年来广州工业空间分异及其演进机制研究

采用1996、2001年两次基本单位普查和2004年第一次经济普查的数据,对工业的企业规模、产出强度、专业化指数、工业区位商、工业地位凸显程度、投资强度、外向性和要素结构等原始数据变量的选取和处理基础之上采用主因子分析和聚类分析方法研究了广州工业空间分异。研究表明,近十年来广州工业空间分异有四种类型区:旧城工业区、综合工业区、专业工业区和乡村工业区。这四种类型区在原有工业基础、政府政策导向、市场经济机制、科技创新、区位条件、环境要求等因素的推动下分别表现出衰退、分化、强化和提升过程。文章最后总结了我国城市工业空间布局模式。     

Restructuring the Innovation Capacity of the Business Sector in Estonia: Business Survey Result

The growth prospects of the Estonian economy depend on transforming the former 'socialist' industrial R&D into competitive business-sector innovation activities, establishing interactions between firms and other research units, and accelerating international diffusion. An additional task, specific for a transition country, is intensive utilization of the inherited human capital. The results of a business survey conducted in Tallinn in the summer of 1996 indicate that favourable restructuring of industrial R&D and the development of new innovation capacities are indeed taking place. The regression models indicate, however, that while the results seem to be mostly successful, some detailed support is needed. Firstly, further qualitative changes seem to be necessary in the state-owned and privatized electronics firms. And secondly, newly emerging firms need easier access to the capital market and management expertise.     

Collaboration between industry and research institutes/universities on industrial innovation in Beijing, China

Most R&D resources in China were allocated to public research institutes/universities until the economic transition of the mid 1990s. To maximize the return from these resources, it is important to have a healthy collaboration between industry and research institutes/universities on industrial innovation. This paper examines that relationship and discusses some empirical evidence on its efficiency with particular reference to industry in Beijing. Following a survey of 950 industrial enterprises, the influences of the collaboration relationship on industrial innovation were analyzed. The main findings indicate that the technology novelty of industrial innovation is positively related to that relationship, i.e. the more the collaboration, the higher the technology novelty of the innovation. However, the collaboration relationship is less efficient in terms of economic performance indicators such as innovation sales and profit ratios, to measure innovation. Moreover, the collaboration relationship is still far from efficient in stimulating industrial innovation in China. The major barriers to successful collaboration have also been addressed in this paper with the aim of devising policies and suggesting possible improvements to collaboration efficiency.     

团队从失败中学习的激活机制：团队过程视角下领导印象管理策略的作用及其多重边界条件

团队从失败中学习是企业员工反思的关键要素,也是提升团队绩效的重要途径。领导在促进团队从失败中学习的过程中发挥着重要作用,然而现有文献鲜少关注促使领导者采取不同行为的深层原因。本文基于内隐领导理论探究领导印象管理与团队从失败中学习之间的关系,考察团队绩效和团队效能的双调节作用,构建被中介的调节效应模型。通过对某保险服务业集团的134个电话销售团队的1423名在职员工进行两阶段问卷调查,结果表明：领导印象管理正向影响团队从失败中学习;团队绩效和团队效能在领导印象管理与团队从失败中学习之间的关系中分别起到了负向调节作用;团队效能中介了团队绩效对领导印象管理与团队从失败中学习间关系的调节作用,表现出被中介的调节效应。本文一定程度上丰富了领导印象管理和团队从失败中学习的边界条件,为解释领导印象管理的效果提供了一个新的理论框架。     

Do funding sources matter?: The impact of university-industry collaboration funding sources on innovation performance of universities

ABSTRACT

The nature of funding sources for university-industry collaboration (UIC) has gradually changed, which may motivate universities to pursue different goals. Therefore, a question arises concerning whether and how funding sources influence the innovation performance of universities. This study explicates this relationship by using organisational control theory. Results of structural equation modelling using partial least squares based on a sample of 146 Taiwanese universities revealed that both governmental and industrial funding facilitated UIC management mechanisms and regulation implementation, which subsequently influenced the innovation performance of universities. Moreover, governmental funding has a greater impact on implementing UIC regulations and industrial funding has a greater impact on building UIC management mechanisms. The results also revealed that only industrial funding exerts a positive influence on the innovation climate of a university. Policy implications are discussed at the end of this paper.     

Productivity,innovation strategies and industrial relations in SMEs. Empirical evidence for a local production system in northern Italy

The paper aims to provide an original contribution to evaluating several kinds of relations between four areas of innovation activities – training, technology, organization, ICT (information and communication technologies) – and industrial relations and firm’s economic performance. Quantitative evidence for a SME‐based local production system is provided by exploiting two datasets: the first is derived from a direct survey carried out in 2005 collecting data on innovations, labour flexibility and industrial relations; the second is represented by a panel of official balance sheets data for the period 1998–2004. The analysis is divided in two consequential parts. We first examine the drivers of different innovation strategies and subsequently we exploit innovation indicators as potential drivers of firm’s productivity. The results show that training activities and organizational changes have strong links with many industrial relations indicators, thus emerging as industrial relations driven innovations. On the contrary, ICT and technological innovation seem to be more influenced by firms’ past performances than by industrial relations. The analysis on labour productivity drivers shows that training activities are the most relevant factors; then, ranked consequently, technological innovation, organisational innovations and, finally, ICT also appear to impact on productivity levels. It is worth noting that the role of ICT emerges more robustly when endogeneity is specifically addressed. Finally, the role of firm size seems here to be overshadowed by other drivers.