网络环境下的政府公共服务协同研究评述

网络环境下的政府公共服务协同研究是各国在开展电子政务和提供公共服务过程中的一个新课题,主要从政府公共服务改革研究、协同政府研究、协同政务研究及网络环境下政府的协同服务研究四个方面展开研究。政府协同服务已成为电子政务建设的新趋势和新热点,并将最终导致网络环境下政府协同服务目标的实现。     

残疾人公共服务体系利益相关方的角色定位研究

在经济与社会转型时期,残疾人公共服务体系建设是政府在社会管理和公共服务方面必须承担的职能和责任。残疾人公共服务体系具有人本性、均等性、参与性、共享性、预防性、服务性等特征。在政府资源稀缺的现实情况下,必须发挥政府和社会组织以及民间资金的作用,要在解读国际残疾人公共服务的前提下,深入研究残疾人公共服务体系的支持网络,建好＂654321系统工程＂,准确定位残疾人公共服务体系的利益相关方即政府、管理机构、社会力量、社区与残疾人基层组织等角色,建立并发展残疾人事业的社会制度。     

The Business Ethic in Public Sector Catering

Consecutive Conservative governments since 1979 have emphasised the need for greater cost-efficiency in the provision of public services. This article places recent developments in public sector catering in this wider context. It considers the manner in which government policy towards public sector catering has affected organisational and technical change in this area, and how this has led to changes in the roles, styles, strategies and control of catering managers. The article also outlines the effects of change on staff. In conclusion the article argues that management in the public sector are increasingly likely to act according to a business ethic’, rather than a ‘public service ethic’.     

试论政府公共危机决策的困境与机制创新

危机决策能力是现代政府必备的行政能力。近年来我国公共危机事件频发,暴露了各级政府传统公共危机决策能力的不足与机制的缺陷。我国政府应建立危机的应急决策机制;完善国家危机管理法律体系,建立危机预警系统,开展危机管理素质教育和培训,以提高政府决策者和社会公众防范危机的能力。     

The Brexit Dynamics: British and EU27 Challenges After the EU Referendum

Prior to the Brexit referendum, the UK government sent an information brochure to households across the country. Surprisingly, key findings of a study by the UK Treasury — including an expected per capita income loss of £1800 — were not included in the brochure. Calculations indicate that if this information had been included, the outcome of the referendum would have been 52.1% for Remain. Instead, the pro-Brexit campaign utilised anti-immigrant rhetoric to create a scapegoat for the under-provision of local public services, when actually this was due to massive cuts in budget transfers to local communities after the financial crisis. Looking ahead, major reforms are now necessary if the EU is not to disintegrate. Given the fresh support in the UK and US for banking deregulation, the EU must stand firm in support of prudential supervision and banking regulation to prevent a new international banking crisis.     

“中国式财政分权”促进了基本公共服务发展吗?

基于一项多维度、多品种的中国大陆省际间基本公共服务发展指数数据,实证检验"中国式财政分权"模式对省域基本公共服务发展的影响效应。研究结果表明:财政分权自身并不是导致中国基本公共服务发展滞后的原因,适度的收入分权增加了地方政府的可支配财力,有效促进了基本公共服务发展;"中国式财政分权"模式所诱导的政府间投资竞争显著减弱了基本公共服务发展水平,并且这一负向效应超过了财政分权自身的直接正向效应。为了保障"民生性"基本公共服务的有效供给,在现行财政分权模式下,需要重点改变传统单纯以GDP为重点的政绩考评模式,在地方政府绩效评估体系中加入社会福利指标。     

中国财政体制的目标定位与改革思路

在向市场经济体制转型过程中,明确财政体制改革的方向与目标是极为重要和紧迫的.用公共财政理论构筑与市场经济模式相适应的现代财政体制,是一个方向性选择.今后一段时期,财政体制的改革与创新要从界定政府事权范围、科学划分政府间税种、规范政府间转移支付制度、完善支出管理制度等方面入手.     

The Political Economy of State-Owned Lotteries

An incomplete contracts approach is applied to analyse the lottery industry. It is argued that lottery services are more efficiently provided by private enterprises than by public enterprises, even if the addictive potential of lotteries is taken into account and government is assumed to be benevolent. However, in most countries, state-owned enterprises provide lottery services. In Germany, the 16 states each own a monopoly lottery-providing enterprise. This apparent puzzle is resolved by dropping the assumption that members of government are perfectly benevolent. The narrow self-interest of members of the state governments and other influential stakeholders in Germany helps to explain the persistence of the current structure of the lottery industry.     

中国农产品质量安全追溯体系的出口贸易效应分析

近些年来各国政府和组织更加重视农产品质量安全追溯体系的建设,发达国家相继对出口到当地的农产品作出的可追溯性要求,凸显了中国农产品质量安全追溯体系的出口贸易效应。本文在梳理相关研究文献和总结国内外农产品追溯体系实施现状的基础上,添加"是否可追溯"这一变量,运用扩张后的贸易引力模型,利用1992-2010年我国农产品主要出口数据,就中国农产品追溯体系实施的贸易效应进行实证检验。研究发现,欧盟、美国和日本等主要进口国家和地区的追溯性要求对中国农产品的出口产生了积极的贸易促进效应,根据这一实证结论提出,应该从政府支持和消费者认可两个方面采取措施,推动中国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设。     

公共风险分析法在政府公共服务中的运用——以小城镇政府公共服务目标选择为例

当前,如何确定公共服务中政府责任与公共支出的先后顺序,是困扰各级政府及小城镇政府的难点问题。借鉴公共风险分析中的风险归宿法、反向假设分析法、公共服务与公共财政支出关联性方法,可分析判断政府的公共服务目标,并能够以此来确定公共服务提供中的政府责任,明确小城镇政府的适宜公共服务范围、目标,确定公共服务目标的优先顺序。同时,借助定量与定性分析相结合的方法,可为小城镇政府科学选择公共服务目标的范围提供依据。这对于优化公共财政体制,完善政府公共服务模式和公共服务体系,建设人民满意的服务型政府具有现实作用和意义。     

New sociopolitical forces: the globalization of conflict.

Not only must multinational corporations deal with governments of their home countries and various host countries, they must now contend with the pressures of change exerted through international organizations such as U.N.-based agencies and public interest groups. The Nestle infant formula controversy, more so than any other event, has crystallized the growing internationalization of conflicts.     

Economic and political risks of European Monetary Union

As demonstrated by the last European Union summit meetings, the heads of government and of state of the EU's member states appear firmly intent on starting the planned monetary union on schedule on 1st January 1999. The statements they make, and also any pamphlets and advertisements published by their governments and the European Commission, tend to concentrate one-sidedly on the purported advantages of monetary union. Nevertheless, in most EU countries plans for monetary union are greeted with scepticism or disapproval by a large section of the general public. There are good reasons for this reaction because, as will be explained below, European Monetary Union is in fact associated with serious economic and political risks.     

省直管县财政体制改革研究——从财政的省直管县到重建政府间财政关系

省直管县财政体制改革是深化财税体制改革的重要内容之一。财政的省直管县有利于促进县域经济的发展,增强基层政府公共服务能力,但不能期望仅此改革就能从根本上改变公共服务的基本状况。省直管县改革需要相应的行政管理体制改革与行政区划的调整。政府转型构成财政省直管县改革的持续动力。重构政府间财政关系,重建分税制财政体制亦需摆上议事日程。     

建设公共服务型政府的动因、内涵与实现机制

当前,我国正处于经济转轨和社会转型的新时期。分权体制下形成的增长型政府模式导致了以经济快速增长与公共服务供给不足为主要特征的发展失衡问题,迫切要求地方政府加快从经济增长型政府向公共服务型政府的转变。根据转型时期建设公共服务型政府的内涵,并契合中国政治经济制度特征设计了建设公共服务型政府的实现机制,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

公共文化建设评价指标体系构建

构建科学的公共文化建设评价指标体系,有利于促进公共文化服务的健康发展。当前,公共文化建设评价指标体系存在指标导向性不强、指标有失偏颇以及可操作性不强等问题。为解决上述问题,需要紧密结合公共文化建设的特点,从建设规模、政府投入、公众参与等维度构建公共文化建设评价指标体系。     

浅谈（3W＋4R）8F＋VI或V2框架下的群体危机沟通立体干预体系建设问题——以德、日高铁事故处理办法为视角

德、日政府对相关高铁事故的处理和善后,对中国实施危机处理有着深刻的誓示和借鉴意义。我国政府、企业正处在上升期、转型期,各种矛盾的复杂性和不可调和性使得所面对的危机更加错综复杂。因此,建立行之有效的危机沟通处理体系和相关应对机制,预防危机、合理迅速地处理危机,对于当代中国政府及企业显得尤为重要。及时、有效的救援和审查机制,能够保障人民的生命财产安全以及未来工作的安全与稳定,而机动、立体的危机沟通体系,则可以有效地树立政府或企业的公信度,正确引导公众的主流思想,使公众理性的面对危机,规避危机演变成灾难的潜在危险。尽最大可能减少危机发生后媒体舆论造成的公共利益的损失。     

The role of the private and public sector in human capital formation

While there are strong equity and efficiency reasons for subsidizing education in developing countries, the prevailing dominance of governments in the financing and provision of educational services can be questioned. There is some evidence supporting the conclusion that a partial cost recovery through user fees may reduce the rationing of services which is still a pressing problem in many low-income countries, and that private providers tend to be more cost-efficient than their public counterparts.     

Evaluation of Brand Use on City Government Websites: A Search for Brand Type,Repetition, and Consistency

ABSTRACT

There is growing interest in bringing marketing thought and practice to government. By examining the use of brand symbols and slogans on ninety-seven city government websites, I expose challenges in branding within a public sector context. My study reveals that city governments vary in the types of brands emphasized on their websites and their websites' reflection of recommended branding practices. The majority of the websites present city symbols and slogans. For some websites, there are inconsistencies in and infrequent use of brand elements suggesting a need for greater integration of marketing communications and the opportunity to more fully embrace marketing principles.     

The Performance of Trading Firms in the Services Sectors – Comparable Evidence from Four EU Countries

We examine trade complexity and the implications of adding additional dimensions of trade for firm performance among services producers. We use unique firm‐level data to compare these patterns across four EU countries. Overall, services firms are relatively less engaged in trade than manufacturing firms; they mostly trade goods and are more likely to import than to export. Trade in services is quite rare; services are more likely to be traded by firms already trading goods. Trading firms in the services sectors are significantly larger, more productive and pay higher wages than non‐traders. Two‐way traders outperform one‐way traders. Changes in trading status by either adding another dimension of trade (imports, exports) or another type of product (goods, services) are infrequent and are associated with significant preswitching premia. In contrast, learning effects from switching trading status are uncommon. This points to significant fixed cost of being engaged in trade and confirms some previous findings that trading services firms have similar traits as their manufacturing counterparts. Apart from greater trade participation in smaller countries, we do not observe systematic differences in terms of trade or switching premia between the four countries that might be attributable to differences in country characteristics.     

Private Parts: A Global Analysis of Privacy Protection Schemes and a Proposed Innovation for Their Comparative Evaluation

Given recent technological advances, we now are able to invade personal privacy as never before. The challenge in the business community is to make the most of the opportunities presented by the growth in communication technology while, at the same time, protecting what remains of individual privacy. The conflict between technological advances and privacy concerns is not new, but it has grown exponentially in recent years, and the development of a data protection scheme in the European Union lends a certain economic urgency to meeting the challenge. Pursuant to a Directive adopted by the European Union, privacy protections throughout the EU must become more stringent and consistent throughout EU member countries. One area of great concern to the United States is the Directive's requirement for certain minimum standards of privacy protection in countries receiving information from member countries. Given the limited protections available in the United States, it does not appear that the United States meets these minimum standards. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the existing measurements of global privacy protections and to propose a new model which allows for their comparative evaluation.