高校体育资源服务城市社区体育的现状及影响因素

本文通过分析高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展的现状及影响高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展的主客观因素，以此为基础利用优势互补、良性互动的方式，建立起一个政府主导、社区主管、学校支撑的体系，为丰富社区体育提供指导依据。     

河北省高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展的保障机制分析

本文主要从地区保障机制和高校自身保障机制两大方面对高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展保障机制进行了分析,认为高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展是一条必要且必然的路径,并提出应由体育行政主管部门、高校和社区三方联动,建立高校体育资源服务城市社区体育发展的良性的、长效的保障机制。     

哈尔滨市社区管理体制问题研究

随着我国经济和政治管理体制改革的不断深入，深刻的社会转型给哈尔滨市城市社区管理体制带来了巨大的冲击，传统的“街居制”管理模式己经无法适应社会转型期城市社区建设管理的需要。改革旧体制，建立新的城市社区管理体制已经成为必然。以转型中的哈尔滨市社区建设为背景，以社区管理相关理论为指导，以荣市街区社区管理调查研究为基础，对哈尔滨市城市社区建设的现状进行总结，对哈尔滨市社区管理的成就与不足进行查找和分析，从而有针对性地开展对策研究。     

论非公有制经济发展与城市社区管理面临的矛盾与对策

文章认为 ,应从加强基础设施建设 ,增强现代城市观念 ,开展诚信教育活动 ,完善社区管理体制 ,强化内在综合素质等方面加以解决 ,才能充分保证非公有制经济的健康发展和城市社区管理的依法运行。     

和谐进程中深圳市社区体育的发展研究

文章对当前我国社区体育的发展状况和发展趋势进行了研究,并分析了深圳市社区体育发展的基础条件和现有的组织形式,得出在创建和谐深圳的进程中可以通过建立过渡阶段的社区体育俱乐部来发展社区体育,俱乐部实行民办官助、自营自治的组织管理形式,实行半公益半消费式的经营模式:俱乐部以社区整体为服务对象并建立起覆盖整个市区的社区体育网络,实现与社区内单项体育协会、人群体育组织和晨晚练体育活动点之间的联系等主要结论.     

中国城市社区管理体制研究综述

围绕三个方面，对十几年来中国城市社区管理体制研究的重要成果做系统综述：城市社区管理体制变迁的背景分析；城市社区管理体制基本理论的研究；城市社区管理体制改革实践的研究。在此基础上，从学科研究方向和实践模式分析的角度，对中国城市社区管理体制研究的未来方向提出几点建议。     

城市社区治理视阈下的政府职能转变探析

随着我国改革开放的持续深化,计划经济体制下形成的旧的社会管理体制越来越不适应现代城市社会发展的需要。时代呼唤新型城市社区管理体制的构建。新型社区管理体制的构建,关键就是要解决我国社区管理体制中各个管理主体的地位的界定和职能的划分问题,尤其是作为公共权力拥有者的政府的角色定位和职能划分。文章通过对现阶段政府在社区治理中表现出＂全能政府＂和＂社区行政化＂倾向的分析,探究城市社区治理的路径,进而推动城市社区建设健康顺利发展。     

大连市城市居民休闲体育现状研究

以大连市社区体育发展现状为研究对象,通过对社区体育的管理者、指导员、居民进行调查访问,了解大连市社区体育的现状,研究其发展走向及可持续发展的对策,以助于提高社区人民的体育文化水平,推动全民健身计划的实现。     

杭州市社区体育发展现状与影响因素分析

社区体育对提高全民身体素质,丰富居民业余生活以及促进社区繁荣发展具有重大意义。文章以杭州市居民住宅小区为调查对象,了解社区体育设施建设与居民使用现状,并利用因子分析、线性回归等统计方法,探索影响社区体育发展的潜在因素。结果表明,杭州市住宅小区的健身设施主要存在场地有限、环境差、种类不全、缺乏管理等问题,并且居民的健身意识有待增强。在此基础上,通过访谈调查进一步了解社区体育建设存在的问题。据此,对改善杭州市社区体育建设及居民使用情况提供指导性的参考信息。     

基于GIS的城市社区体育休闲公共空间研究——以安徽省合肥市为例

文章运用了文献资料法、居民访谈法、GIS空间分析法等研究方法,概括分析了城市社区体育休闲公共空间。通过对合肥市居民居住热点、空间分布、社区体育休闲公共空间实地考察以及GIS空间等分析,发现合肥市社区体育休闲公共空间与合肥市人口分布密切相关,城市社区体育休闲公共空间的数量和质量均存在严重不足,很难满足居民的健身需求。据此建议：政府部门应从老百姓利益出发,从以人为本的角度来加大社区体育休闲公共空间规划建设。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。