新疆农户小额信贷需求分析

通过了解新疆小额信贷的发展现状,并以玛纳斯县为例调查该县农户小额信贷需求状况,运用二元Logistic模型分析,得出影响该县小额信贷需求的重要因素,玛纳斯县农户小额信贷需求与农户收入、户主受教育程度、民族、性别、年龄、耕地面积、利率、贷款额度和贷款期限显著相关。最后提出相关政策建议。     

国际小额信贷模式运作机制比较研究

国际上公认有成效的四种小额信贷模式在贷款抵押、利率形式及目标客户的选择等运作机制设计上存在差异.通过比较发现以连带责任替代抵押担保、以市场化利率取代贴息利率及采用动态贷款激励是这些模式取得高还款率和绩效的关键.为使小额信贷能在新农村建设中发挥作用,我国应建立以农村信用社为基础、市场化运作的小额信贷模式,把联保机制引入农村经济组织及实施差别利率,实现小额信贷财务持续性、服务穷人与社会效益的平衡发展,最终缓解或消除贫困.     

较发达地区农户参与农信社小额信贷程度的影响因素分析——基于苏北金湖农户“直接意愿”调查的实证检验

结合农户借贷行为特征,采用江苏省金湖县273个农户实地调查数据,通过基于"直接意愿调查法"的二元Probit模型,从需求和供给两方面实证分析中国较发达地区农户小额信用贷款的现状及影响因素,结果显示,外出务工人数、农村家庭大额非日常支出、农户人际关系的强弱和正规社会资本资源显著影响农户小额信贷的需求,而非农收入比重、农户兼业类型及地区人均贷款显著影响农户获得小额信贷的概率。因此,重视和挖掘农户潜在信贷需求,改进信贷产品服务和质量,满足农户多样化的资金需求,才是实现农村小额信贷的可持续发展之道。     

农村小额信贷需求影响因素的分析——基于金华市500农户的调查

农村小额信贷是当前金融机构在农村市场中的主要金融产品,其为促进农村经济发展、增加农民收入做出了重要贡献。近几年,农村土地的有效流转必然会带来农业生产经营方式的升级,进而也会在资金需求方面出现新的特征。本文通过对浙江省金华市500户农户的问卷调查,并基于Logistic分析模型就农户对农村小额信贷产品的需求影响进行了分析。分析结果显示:通过家庭耕地面积、生产性支出占家庭收入的比例、对金融产品认知等3个因素对需求影响显著,针对这个分析结论,认为创新农村小额信贷产品,降低贷款利率,实施财政补贴,加大农村金融宣传是增加农村小额信贷需求的有效措施。     

基于信用计量模型的农户贷款风险实证研究

农户贷款是我国小额信贷的主流,此种信贷面临的主要困难是农户信用风险大导致还款率较低,其深层次原因在于目前农村金融机构在农户小额信贷方面的管理尚未形成科学系统的制度。本文借鉴国外信用风险管理经验,运用CreditMetrics模型并以云南省农业银行某支行为例,采用实证研究方法初步探讨农户贷款风险管理。     

完善农村信用社农户小额信用贷款的对策研究

农村信用社农户小额贷款推行以来存在着小额信用贷款发放和使用不合理、＂信息逆向不对称＂等问题,应加大对农村信用社农户小额信用贷款的监管力度,调整支农再贷款政策,协调农村信用社与其他金融机构的关系,发展多种为农服务的金融机构,基层地方政府应支持和推动农村信用社农户小额信用贷款,科学设计农户小额信用贷款的金额、利率与期限。完善农户信用等级评定机制。     

我国农村信用社农户小额信贷问题分析

农村信用社农户小额信贷在解决贫困农户贷款难、增加农户收入及缓解贫困方面发挥着不可替代的作用.然而,在农村信用社农户小额信贷推行中还存在着不少问题.本文介绍了农户小额信贷的概念,并重点对农村信用社农户小额信贷存在问题进行了分析和探讨.     

提高农村小额信贷农户满意度的对策探索

小额信贷作为一种创新的贷款形式,在缓解农村贫困和发展农村经济中发挥着重要作用。目前,农村小额信贷在解决农户资金困难、提高农户收入方面效果显著,但由于我国引入小额信贷制度时间较短,其发展还存在很多不足,农户满意度较低。我国加快以农户为中心进行农村小额信贷产品创新,并大力优化农村小额信贷服务质量,提高农村小额信贷人员素质,以有效满足农户的信贷需求,提高农村金融服务水平、促进农村小额信贷健康有序发展。     

我国农户小额信贷地区差异分析

在我国东中西部地区,由于经济基础和发展水平存在差异,三个地区农户家庭的总收入、总支出和收入来源、支出结构等都存在着一定的差异。受此影响,东中西部三个地区的农户小额信贷来源、信贷规模、信贷用途、信贷频率和信贷服务满意程度五个方面存在着一定的差异。这就需要对目前我国小额信贷市场同质化研究的基本假设进行思考,同时,针对我国农户小额信贷的地区差异,对我国小额信贷的发展政策和措施进行调整,使其更具有科学性和针对性。     

对小额信贷公司绩效评价指标设计与运用的研究——以杭州市为例

结合杭州地区小额信贷公司实际运营发展状况,设计在贷款规模、管理效率、财务持续、逾期还款率和社会影响这五个方面的绩效指标,建立起小额信贷公司绩效评价体系。用来探析小额信贷公司运营的优劣势,研究综合效益,实现其可持续发展。     

Loan Repayment Performance in Community Development Finance Institutions in the UK

This paper identifies the key institutional factors that influence loan loss rates in Community Development Finance Institutions in the UK. Traditional bank credit assessment puts the blame of poor loan performance largely on the borrower. This is the first study of its kind to examine institutional characteristics of 16 CDFIs in the UK and assess their influence on the loan loss rates. The results show that 8 out of the 13 institutional characteristics examined significantly influence loan repayment performance. Although a vast body of literature supports the view that borrower characteristics are highly influential, our results provide strong evidence to show that institutional characteristics are equally important and both factors need to be taken into account if loan repayment performance is to be improved.     

农村信用社小额贷款信用风险管理博弈分析

通过建立博弈模型,对农村信用社和贷款农户交易行为的博弈分析,发现贷款额度、违约成本、贷款追讨成功率、正常履约收益是影响违约行为的主要因素。为防范信用风险,农村信用社必须转变经营理念,改革管理体制,建立一个长期的切实可行的农户信用评级制度,提高风险管理能力和水平。同时,需要中央政府和地方政府增加对农业、农村、农民的扶持,优化农村金融环境,给农村信用社的经营提供有力支持,促进其长期稳健发展。     

Determinants of Loan Repayment Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana: The Case of Asante Akyem Rural Bank

We examine the role of a typical set of determinants of loan repayment performance of SMEs in the context of a rural bank’s setting in Ghana. Our analysis using survey data suggests that, while higher application cost, loan size and interest rate exert significantly negative influence on loan repayment, higher educational background of the SME operators is associated with significantly better repayment performance. Interestingly, in comparison with those with only primary-level education, SME operators with tertiary education register the best repayment performance followed by those with secondary education. We provide detailed discussion and managerial implications of these findings.     

中小企业融资中的自有资金信贷机制

银行贷款收益取决于贷款利率和贷款风险两个因素。在贷款利率受到管制时,理性的银行为了实现期望利润最大化,要求企业提供足够抵押来规避贷款风险。我国中小企业由于自身特征及所处信贷环境的原因,银行向其贷款风险大,且得不到足够抵押品,也没有第三方提供担保,这就导致中小企业贷款难现象。因此,我国商业银行应该灵活运用抵押、担保、关系贷款和自有资金多种手段,积极构建中小企业的多层次信贷机制体系。     

基于信用风险修正的多阶段银行贷款组合优化决策模型

针对银行的信用风险和贷款的周期性等问题,建立一个基于信用风险修正的多阶段银行贷款组合优化决策模型,该模型在多阶段模型中考虑了信用风险修正问题,根据模型的特点给出了把Monte Carlo模拟的动态算法和差分进化的多阶段算法相结合的求解方法,前者求解银行各类贷款的期望收益率,后者求解每一阶段银行对各类贷款的最优投资比重。数值试验表明所建立的模型是合理的且符合商业银行的实际操作要求,给出的方法是有效的和可行的。     

The determinants of households’ repayment difficulties on mortgage loans: evidence from Italian microdata

This article investigates the main determinants of households’ repayment difficulties on mortgage loans in Italy. We contribute to the empirical literature on household financial vulnerability by assessing the joint impact of socio‐demographic factors, loan characteristics and institutional variables on the likelihood of mortgage insolvency and on the intensity of arrears. Using data from the Italian component of the 2008 European Union‐Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC) survey, we firstly identify which types of households are more vulnerable to unexpected adverse events that may trigger repayment difficulties. Specifically, households whose head is young, unemployed or immigrant show a higher probability of arrears and emerge as those suffering more from the adverse economic conditions connected to the crisis. Moreover, household repayment behaviour is affected by mortgage characteristics and, in particular, having modified contract terms significantly increases current arrears probability. Finally, regional institutional and credit market factors mainly impact on the conditional intensity of arrears. This evidence suggests that, although repayment difficulties mainly arise from a genuine inability to repay, households are less likely to pay on time when institutions are less effective at punishing default, confirming the existence of some strategic behaviour.     

Entrepreneurial motivation and business performance: evidence from a French Microfinance Institution

This article examines the link between entrepreneurial motivation and business performance in the French microfinance context. Using hand-collected data on business microcredits from a Microfinance Institution (MFI), we provide an indirect measure of entrepreneurial success through loan repayment performance. Controlling for the endogeneity of entrepreneurial motivation in a bivariate probit model, we find that “necessity entrepreneurs” are more likely to have difficulty repaying their microcredits than “opportunity entrepreneurs”. However, type of motivation does not appear to make a difference to business survival. We test for the robustness of our results using parametric duration models and show that necessity entrepreneurs experience difficulties in loan repayment earlier than their opportunity counterparts, corroborating our initial findings. Our results are also robust to a sharper analysis of motivation, focusing on unemployment (on the necessity side) and non-pecuniary benefits from success (on the opportunity side).     

P2P网络借贷市场信用风险识别

近年来,P2P网络借贷市场成为我国金融领域的重灾区,各类问题层出不穷,不仅损害了投资者利益,而且严重扰乱了我国的金融秩序,深入研究P2P网络借贷市场存在的问题具有重要现实意义。P2P网络借贷市场是信息不对称最为严重的市场之一,对借款人信用风险进行识别是P2P网络借贷的关键环节。根据信用风险定价理论,借贷利率应该充分反映违约风险,通过检验借贷利率与违约风险之间的关系可以验证借贷市场信用风险识别机制的有效性。基于“人人贷”平台公开的历史交易数据对P2P网络借贷市场的信用风险识别问题进行实证研究,结果表明:借贷利率能部分反映借款人的信用风险,但在相同的利率水平下,其他指标与违约风险也存在显著性关系,表明相同的利率未对应相同的信用风险,平台的信用风险识别机制部分有效。进一步研究表明,在缺乏成熟、易用的个人征信产品的情况下,无论借款人、P2P平台,还是投资者,对信用风险影响因素的判断与实际情况都存在一定的偏差,工作经验丰富的借款人付出了过高的借贷成本,平台在判断收入对信用风险的影响方面出现了偏差,投资者则忽视了借款人学历的价值。建议打破个人征信数据壁垒,丰富个人征信产品,保护居民信用数据安全,以保障借贷市场的持续发展。     

Microfinance Intervention in Poverty Reduction: A Study of Women Farmer-Entrepreneurs in Rural Ghana

This paper examines microfinance intervention in rural poverty reduction in Ghana by surveying 100 rural women farmer-entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that microfinance interventions that emphasize both credit provision and social intermediation improve access to credit, improve business performance, and contribute to a higher standard of living for female farmer-entrepreneurs and their families. The results show that the microfinance scheme has been successful due to a strong social network and group relationships among the farmers. An implication of the study is that poverty reduction programs in developing countries need to emphasize social and human development components in microfinancing policies.