绿色GDP

对环境资源进行核算，从现行GDP中扣除环境资源成本和对环境资源的保护服务费用，其计算结果称为“绿色GDP”。绿色GDP代表了国民经济增长的净正效应。绿色GDP占GDP的比重越高，表明国民经济增长的正面效应越高，负面效应越低，反之亦然。     

新型环境资源核算方法研究

我们认为,将环境资源核算纳入到以货币计量为主的国民经济核算体系中存在不合理性,违背了可持续发展的初衷。环境资源的核算应该独立于价值核算体系,通过非价值量度量方法建立人居资源环境指标,用新的方法核算反应环境资源的GDP。     

我国绿色国民经济核算体系的构建探讨

目前,我国的国民经济核算体系仍然以GDP核算作为衡量经济的重要标准,但是这种传统的GDP核算只能单纯的看到经济发展的状况,对于经济发展带来的环境以及生态的破坏却没有明确的表示出来,人们在关注的经济发展的同时忽视了环境的保护。随着可持续发展观念的出现以及发展,我国在对国民经济进行核算时,应加入环境以及生态资源的投入力度,构建新型的国民经济核算体系,即绿色国民经济核算体系。本文就绿色国民经济核算的含义、存在的问题进行分析,探究我国绿色国民经济核算体系的构建。     

绿色GDP核算势在必行

绿色GDP核算是在国民经济核算基础上,把资源耗减成本和环境损失的代价扣除,其总量和增长率与国民经济核算总量和增长率均不同,它能帮助人们认识经济发展中环境和资源的重要性,使人们意识到只顾发展经济是不行的。论文简单介绍了传统GDP和绿色GDP的核算理论,提出要尽快推行绿色GDP核算,并针对我国的研究和实践现状提出了加快推行绿色GDP核算的建议。     

绿色GDP核算势在必行

绿色GDP核算是在国民经济核算基础上,把资源耗减成本和环境损失的代价扣除,其总量和增长率与国民经济核算总量和增长率均不同,它能帮助人们认识经济发展中环境和资源的重要性,使人们意识到只顾发展经济是不行的.论文商单介绍了传统GDP和绿色GDP的核算理论,提出要尽快推行绿色GDP核算,并针对我国的研究和实践现状提出了加快推行绿色GDP核算的建议.     

资源环境核算方法与问题研究

国际上现行的以国民收入核算为基础的国民核算体系是一种有缺陷并缺乏可持续发展调控能力的经济核算体系,应建立并推行包括自然资源与环境核算在内的新型国民核算体系,资源环境方法是在现有国民经济核算体系的基本框架上进行扩展和调整,具有非常积极的意义和优点,但实施起来还存在一定问题.     

绿色国民经济核算体系发展综述

随着经济全球化的推进和经济现象日益复杂,加之资源短缺和环境污染的加剧,传统GDP核算体系的局限性日渐显现,构建绿色国民经济(绿色GDP)核算体系已成为可持续发展的内在要求.本文综述了绿色GDP核算的意义、理论研究和实践现状,以及构建绿色GDP核算体系所面临的困难,并提出了可行的发展方向.     

刍议我国发展绿色GDP核算的探索与实践

随着全球经济的迅速发展,环境破坏和环境污染日益严重,地球生态环境面临前所未有的严峻挑战.因此,将资源和环境因素归入国民经济核算体系,实现绿色核算,是全球经济发展的共同选择.本文以绿色GDP为探讨对象,集中分析绿色GDP核算的积极意义和实际操作中存在的难点,并针对其提出相关的合理建议,力求为我国生态环境的共建共享作出有益的启示.     

顺应全球新趋势全面改革中国国民核算体系

调整国民经济统计核算体系已成为全球新的大趋势。美国率先将研发支出（R&D）、娱乐文化支出以及退休金等指标纳入新的GDP统计之中，成为全球率先践行SNA-2008国民经济核算新标准体系的国家。中国国民经济核算体系明显滞后于国际新标准，也难以符合中国经济转型升级的要求，迫切需要全面改革中国国民核算体系。     

环境成本与GDP有效性

现行国民经济核算方法(支出法、生产法、收入法)计算统计的国内生产总值GDP,在很大程度上与经济社会可持续发展理念不相符合。而已经问世若干年头的绿色GDP,基本上还停留在口号阶段。核算绿色GDP,不仅仅需要概念,还需要逻辑、具体路径、可行方法。本文在界定GDP无效性的基础上,首先识别"无效GDP"。进一步提出,从微观层面的"环境成本会计"启动,以环境成本为基点,循序渐进,建立和形成"环境成本数据流",水到渠成汇总测算绿色GDP总量。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.