国有土地上房屋征收市场化货币补偿研究

房屋产权调换与货币补偿是国有土地上房屋征收中可供选择的两种补偿方式,货币补偿应是市场经济的优先选择。本文分析了国有土地上房屋征收中市场化货币补偿的缘由、内涵与要求,在此基础上探讨了目前国有土地上房屋征收货币补偿运行中与市场要求的差距并提出相应的对笼。     

关于公正审判权的几点思考

有关公正审判权的条款是《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》中用墨最多的条款，也是最重要的条款之一。公正审判权是在打击犯罪与保障人权之间、国家权力与个人权利之间的选择。论述了应当以开放式的姿态学习和借鉴不同背景下生成的人类优秀文化成果，广纳博学。     

No solution for international monetary problems

At its 14th meeting (in Hamburg) the Interim Committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) held further discussions on the establishment of a substitution account through which the monetary authorities would voluntarily transfer a part of their dollar reserves¹ to the IMF in return for interest-bearing claims denominated in Special Drawing Rights (SDR)². The transferred dollars would be invested by the Fund long-term³ in US Government securities so that they would be withdrawn from international circulation. As was to be expected, the meeting did not yet bring an accord. Technical difficulties were stated to be the reason for this but at this juncture no state seems to be especially interested in setting up such an account.     

Stabilisation of the monetary system

The devaluation of the British Pound and the most speculation in gold and the dollar have lead to a hectic activity on the part of the monetary authorities in the industrial countries of the West. It is unlikely that anybody should have regarded the splitting up of the gold market—necessary though it was as a counter-measure—as a panacea which would prove efficacious in the long run. At the meeting in Stockholm of the Club of Ten the attempt was therefore made to parry the diminshing importance of gold within the monetary system by a speedier activation of the Special Drawing Rights—“the paper gold”. This constituted without doubt a decisive step towards rationalising and stabilising the international monetary system.     

Changing levels of intellectual property rights protection for global firms: A synopsis of recent U.S. and EU trade enforcement strategies

According to the International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition (IACC), approximately $350 billion in counterfeit goods is traded annually in the world economy. Additionally, the European Commission of Taxation and Customs Union reported that 100 million fake items were seized in 2004, a 900% increase over a 4-year period. Recent trade initiatives, such as the U.S. Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy (STOP!) and the EU Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive, target both organized pirates and consumers in effort to bolster the protection of intellectual property rights. Understanding these innovative trade initiatives will assist managers to better deal with anti-counterfeiting tactics.     

Bridging Business and Society: The Abrinq Foundation in Brazil

This article presents the process of creation and expansion of the Fundação Abrinq pelos Direitos da Criança et do Adolescente (Abrinq Foundation for Rights of Children and Adolescents). Established in 1990 by a group of entrepreneurs from the Brazilian Toy Manufacturers’ Association (ABRINQ), the Fundação Abrinq has been successful at raising the issue of children in Brazilian society by bridging business and several other sectors of society. This article more particularly examines (1) the societal challenges related to the situation of children in Brazil; (2) the creation and development of the Abrinq Foundation; and (3) the achievements of this innovative bridging organization over 15 years.     

残疾人发展权保障的理论体系与制度实践

从联合国《残疾人权利公约》到世界各国的宪法与专门法,残疾人发展权在法律层面被确定为残疾人群体享有的基本权利。法律规范和平等的政治参与为残疾人发展权的保障提供了规范依据,明确了残疾人发展权的价值内涵。在保障的具体途径上,社会保障为残疾人发展权保障提供康复与经济帮扶,无障碍支撑的保障为残疾人发展权保障创造完备的信息和设施环境,文化层面的氛围塑造和教育层面的融合理念为残疾人发展权的权利实现提供了路径,司法为残疾人发展权保障提供了程序与实体的支持。理论和实践表明,完善的发展权保障体系有助于实现残疾人平等、参与、共享社会生活并实现社会融合。我国也将不断充实和完善残疾人发展权保障的理论体系与制度实践,借鉴国际经验,实现"提升残疾人发展能力"的目标。     

国际货币体系的改革与人民币国际化探析

牙买加体系自1976年创立至今,一直为世界货币基金组织使用,其自身存在着诸多问题,例如美元在现行国际货币体系中获取的权利与承担的义务不对等,整个货币体系的决策机制偏向于美欧等发达国家和地区,对发展中国家不利等问题。因此,对现有国际货币体系实行改革势在必行,应加快推进建立多元化的国际货币体系,增加发展中国家在国际货币体系中的话语权,大力推进人民币的国际化发展进程。     

Balance of payments dilemmas

An analysis of the recurring International monetary crises raises the question whether the monetary adjustments alone will be an adequate weapon to deal with them or whether additional none-monetary steps should also be taken.     

Free markets versus political consensus

The debate on international competitiveness in recent years has increasingly focused on the structure of society. International competitiveness is seen not merely as a sign of a country’s productive capacity, but also as reflecting the efficiency of its social and political structures. The following article examines the five most important western industrial nations in an attempt to answer the question as to which models of society are Internationally competitive.     

论中国通货膨胀下的货币政策有效性

在当今社会经济通货膨胀的状态下,中央银行首先应做的就是通过制定的货币政策抑制通货膨胀。本文通过对通货膨胀的现状及原因的分析,从而进一步探究中央银行制定的货币政策种类及其效应的积极性和局限性。     

国际货币体系改革与人民币国际化

国际货币体系改革与人民币国际化现已成为必然趋势,并形成相动关系。国际货币体系改革需要经历三个阶段,而人民币国际化在内外动因的作用下,面对基本条件欠缺和国际化程度较低的现实,尚需要通过层次深化的三个阶段和空间扩展的三个步骤方能走完整个历程。     

关于现时期我国婚姻家庭问题的经济分析

运用经济理论方法对目前我国存在于生活中的婚姻选择、家庭危机等问题进行了分析 ,从收益、制度、信息、精神需求等角度探讨了现存问题的成因和表象 ,揭示了个人行为的偏好和选择倾向     

The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a corporate code of conduct

Peter Frankental, Head of Business Networks, Amnesty International, explores the role of The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a corporate code of conduct. Frankental observes a changing business context, which overall increases the risk to business of dealing with other parties, including countries, subcontractors, joint venture partners and their stockholders. The paper proceeds to examine the barriers to integration of human rights, and identifies dilemmas that firms need to resolve. While in the author's view ethical behaviour does not confer competitive advantages in the short run, companies that base their codes of conduct on the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are likely to find themselves in the stronger position to protect their reputation, brands and assets in the longer term.     

A legally binding EU charter of fundamental rights?

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is based, on the one hand, on the traditional concept that fundamental rights are a means to protect citizens against unjustified interference by public authorities. On the other hand, by contrast to the general defensive approach of negative rights, and more controversially, some chapters guarantee quite extensive positive rights to protection and entitlements, based on equality and solidarity. The following article offers an economic analysis of the efficiency and legitimacy of the Charter, including the question of whether it should be binding at a supranational level. This paper was written while the author was DAAD Senior Fellow and Director of Economic Research at the Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham, UK.     

从《弗兰肯斯坦》看家庭和社会对个人教育的责任

<弗兰肯斯坦>是一部科幻小说,内容广泛,可以从教育角度来探讨家庭和社会对弗兰肯斯坦和怪物悲剧结局的责任,并进一步提出教育职责不能只由学校承担,家庭和社会对个人人生观,道德观和价值观的塑造、维持和巩固,都有着不可推卸的责任.     

欧盟对外贸易中知识产权保护的特点及对我国的启示

在我国与欧盟双边贸易摩擦中，知识产权保护冲突日趋凸现，纠纷日益增多，导致我国企业遭受巨额损失，如何应对欧盟的知识产权保护壁垒已经成为当前理论界争论的热点问题。本文将对欧盟对外贸易中知识产权保护的特点进行分析，在总结其特点的基础上，借鉴欧盟对外贸易中知识产权保护的经验，对我国知识产权保护制度的改进以及企业如何应对知识产权纠纷提出相应的建议。     

The exchange rate and the price level

The US-Dollar has inflated the world. Its vehicle is the present international monetary system of pegged exchange rates. This system which was introduced to stimulate International trade and division of labour between the different countries became an important promoter of world wide inflation.     

Protectionism and the case for flexible exchange rates: A reexamination

This paper reexamines the arguments by early proponents that flexible exchange rates would lessen the incentives for protectionism and also permit countries to pursue independent monetary policies. We argue that there is a basic inconsistency between these two arguments; the pursuit of independent monetary policy can lead to situations which involve very strong pressures on policy-makers to engage in protection. A theoretical analysis supporting our argument is developed, and some circumstantial evidence is presented.     

驰名商标权人责任承担的法经济学思考

驰名商标的保护源于《保护工业产权巴黎公约》,之后各国对驰名商标进行专门保护,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》更是为驰名商标提供了全面、广泛的保护,并要求各国法律对驰名商标提供特殊保护。很显然,按照权利与义务对等的法律原则,享受特殊保护的驰名商标权利人,是否应当承担较普通商标权人更多的义务。