基于源荷电压的主动配电网运行分析

针对传统配电网优化决策中鲜有计及电压响应特性的不足,考虑电压特性对配电网中源荷功率平衡方式以及潮流分布的影响,提出了一种考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网优化运行方法。以配电网购电成本最小为目标,以无功补偿容量、分布式电源功率有功、无功功率为决策量,构建考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网运行优化模型,并基于GAMS优化平台选用CONOPT求解器对所提优化模型予以求解。最后,通过实际41节点配电系统及PG&E 69节点配电系统算例验证了所提考虑源荷电压特性的主动配电网运行优化方法的有效性和优越性。     

农村10 kV配电线路的无功自动补偿

近年来,随着我国农村10 kV配电网的快速发展,农电负荷容量迅速增长,对无功的需求不断增加。农村10 kV配电网供电半径比较大,线路损耗比较高,解决好农村10 kV配电线路的无功补偿问题,对提高供电企业的经济效益有着极为重要的作用。由于农电负荷受季节性变化的影响,负荷波动的范围也越来越大,这就要求无功补偿装置能够根据负荷的变化及时调节补偿的容量。文章将介绍某县供电公司对部分10 kV配电线路实施无功自动补偿的技术方案和降损效果。     

10kV配电无功补偿方法与配置技术分析

在配电网运行的过程中，采用无功补偿的方式主要是为了降低能耗量，从而对电力系统中的电压进行有效的完善。尤其是在10 kv配电电路中，所采用的补偿装置相对较少，但是价格却比较高，多数都为固定的形式，不容易随着电力负荷的变化而变化。在实际的配电工程中，需要保证补偿效果的最优化。本文主要对10 kv配电无功补偿与配置技术进行深入分析，找到切实可行的解决措施。     

油田配电网的降损节能措施探讨

为了确保油田生产的正常运行,油田企业肩负着发电、输电、配电线路的管理工作,但是我国油田配网普遍存在供电半径过长、电网设备老化陈旧、自动化程度低等问题,而且部分线路长期处在非经济区域运行,造成配电网线路损耗消耗了大量电能。针对油田配电线路存在的问题,我国油田采取了优化电力网络、改造变电装置、优化配置无功补偿以及采用新技术,提高用电效果等措施以达到提高降损节能的目的。本文主要从技术线损、管理线损和变电装置等方面,论述了降低配电网电能损耗的措施和办法。     

浅谈配电网自动化通信程序

电力工业是我国经济发展的基石,是国民经济的重要基础支柱之一。电力网是由配电网和输电网构成,配电网就是将电力系统中变电站低压直接或降压后向用户供电的网络,也称之为配电系统。配电网由电缆配电线路、降压变压器、架空配电线路及变电站等构成。通信系统是配电网自动化的核心技术,配电网的运行状态改变、数据的采集及配电网的优化均通过通信系统。通信系统的设计合理与否将直接影响到配电管理系统的运行成败。     

新民采油厂6～10 kV配电网无功补偿方案探讨

鉴于无功补偿对电网安全、优质、经济运行的重要作用,文章对配电网的无功补偿技术进行了探讨,通过各种补偿方案的对比,结合吉林油田配电线路和供电负荷的实际,选择适于油田电网的最优补偿方案——配电线路固定补偿,并以新民采油厂1`#井排为例分析了采用这种补偿方式所创造的经济效益。     

探析配电网无功补偿优化配置问题

我国的经济社会迅速发展,不管是城市还是农村与电网的关系日益密切,电网的安全、有效使用随之成为一个重要的课题。为了保证电力系统的正常平稳运转,就需要根据供电电压的标准符合配电网的控制标准,其中一项行之有效的措施就是对电网进行无功化补偿,保证配电网络的无功平衡,就能够降低对电线的损耗,提高电压质量。目前,无功补偿已经较为广泛地应用在各种等级的电网中,能够合理地分配使用,对于提高电力企业的经济效益和社会效益具有十分重要的意义。文章就配电无功补偿优化配置的问题展开相关的阐述,主要从无功补偿的含义和原则,目前对于配电无功补偿的现状以及配电网无功补偿的方式及优化表现等方面分析。     

新民采油厂6～10kV配电网无功补偿方案探讨

鉴于无功补偿对电网安全、优质、经济运行的重要作用，文章对配电网的无功补偿技术进行了探讨,通过各种补偿方案的对比，结合吉林油田配电线路和供电负荷的实际，选择适于油田电网的最优补偿方案——配电线路固定补偿，并以新民采油厂1^#井排为例分析了采用这种补偿方式所创造的经济效益。     

供电部6千伏绝缘线路防雷技术应用

一、供电部6千伏配电网导线绝缘化状况1、6千伏配电网导线绝缘化历程导线绝缘化是我国配电网的发展方向,目前,绝缘化导线已在全国各地得到了广泛的应用。截止目前,铁法矿区所辖406公里6千伏配电线路中,绝缘化程度达到46%。其中,矿井风井、瓦斯泵、水源及居民用电等重要负荷线路,导线全部实现了绝缘化。2、6千伏配电网绝缘化改造后实际运行效果通过三年多的绝缘化改造工程实施,它有效解决了矿区线路走     

考虑配电网运行综合经济性的无功电压优化分析

为了在根本上对配电网运行的综合经济性无功电压进行全面分析，文章对同一种运行系统的网损设备操作的相关成本和限制调控设备数量的无功电压综合控制新方式。结合实际情况，本文从两个方面，阐述了配电网运行及设备控制综合经济性的无功电压优化过程与方式。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.