国际税收竞争的新趋势与我国的应对策略

当前,国际税收竞争日益显现出新的趋势和特点,为使我国在国际税收竞争博弈中处于优势,当务之急是调整税收优惠的导向、实施适度减税的税收政策和实行多种方式强化国际税收协调。     

中国税制的国际竞争力研究

国际税收竞争是经济全球化发展的产物,是各国以税收为载体、以促进本国经济增长为目的的竞争,其实质是经济竞争。在此,基于国际税收竞争视角,重点对中国税制的国际竞争力进行评析,分析表明中国税制具有一定的国际竞争力,但诸多方面仍有待完善。在此基础上,借鉴国际经验建立具有竞争性的中国税制,确定合理的宏观税负水平,同时还需加强"税收文化"的建设,建立国际税收协调机制,以应对日益激烈的国际税收竞争。     

税收国际协调的展望及思考

税收国际协调是世界经济一体化过程中的重要议程。本文介绍了税收国际协调的意义、内容、主要形式，分析了税收国际协调的现状和发展趋势，提出了完善我国的税收国际协调工作的建议。     

国际税收协调的发展趋势

众所周知，当今世界经济一体化的进程正在迅速加快，商品、资本、劳务、技术、人员的跨国流动更加频繁，这给国际税收关系提出了新的问题，未来的国际税收协调将出现一些新的趋势：对关税的国际协调将不再是商品课税中国际协调的核心内容，取而代之的是对增值税和消费税的国际协调；为防止国与国之间的税收竞争，国际社会会进一步加强对所得税的国际协调；随着区域性国际经济一体化的不断发展，区域性的国际协调前景将更加广阔；为对付跨国纳税人逃避税行为，加强税收征管方面的国际合作将成为各国的共同目标。     

经济全球化下的国际税收竞争与税收优惠

本文从经济全球化入手,论述了经济全球化、税收国际化、国际税收竞争与税收优惠的关系,主张纵向研究国际税收竞争,从国民经济发展的全局出发审视利用税收优惠手段参与国际税收竞争的利与弊.     

浅谈经济全球化下的税收竞争及税收协调

经济全球化下的国际税收竞争有利也有弊，各国应对本国税制结构中易引起恶性税收竞争的方面进行调整，并积极参与国际税收协定，创造一个公平、合理的税收环境。     

国际税收竞争条件下我国涉外税制改革研究

本文分析我国涉外税制存在的问题,提出在国际税收竞争环境下,我国涉外税制的改革着力点。     

论集群经济中的税收竞争效应

文章首先简单回顾标准/经典国际税收竞争模型的主要内容,然后引入集群经济这一新的经济概念,对集群经济下国际税收竞争模型及其结果进行重新审视,得出的结论是集群经济中的政府倾向于对企业进行补贴,而当存在集群经济的地区与不存在集群经济的地区展开税收竞争时,均衡状态下前者的税率将高于后者.结合我国的实际情况,文章最后提出了集群经济中政府参与税收竞争的一些政策建议.     

论国际税收竞争与中国税法之完善

国际税收竞争导致全球所得税税率不断攀低,这为跨国公司国际避税创造了条件,同时减少了国家的财政收入。我国应进一步完善税法,在吸引外资和提供税收优惠、让渡税收利益中寻找平衡点,既要有利于本国经济发展,又应避免对他国税基造成不当侵害。     

不公平税收竞争的形成塬因及管理对策

税收竞争是政府作为促进经济活动的有力工具之一。然而过度的税收竞争不仅不会促进经济的发展，更会带来国家税收的大面积流失。不公平税收竞争是过度的税收竞争造成的负面效果，国际社会已对此有了广泛的关注。文章在阐述不公平税收竞争的种种表现形式的基础上，分析了造成不公平税收竞争的形成原因，并进一步提出相应的管理对策，以便防止税收流失。强化税收管理，     

城乡税制统一:基于公共财政的分析视角

城乡分割的二元税制加重了农民负担,降低了我国农产品的国际竞争力,也有悖于市场经济的公平原则;在农村公共产品供给上,政府存在着职能缺位,这些都不利于建立城乡统一的公共财政。当前统一城乡税制面临着财政资金压力、税收征管能力、二元经济结构等方面因素的限制。统一城乡税制需要逐步完善城乡税收体系、加大政府对农村公共品投入以及深化基层人事制度改革和促进农业产业化等方面的配套改革。     

促进我国经济增长的宏观税负与税制结构探析

我国目前宏观税负与税制结构是渐进式经济改革和税制改革的产物,随着市场化程度和对外开放程度的提高,它们对经济增长的扭曲效应越来越大。为了促进我国经济的长期增长和经济的持续发展,必须确定适度的宏观税负水平,推进税费改革,建立兼顾“公平”与“效率”的税制结构。     

论“三层次”税收公平观与中国税收公平机制重塑

传统税收公平观存在明显的局限性,主要表现为考察的视野不开阔和涵盖的内容不丰富.所以,对税收公平的理解和判断,必须延伸到经济的、社会的角度,应当建立起包含税收的负担公平、税收的经济公平和税收的社会公平三个层次的广义的税收公平观,这样才能真正把握税收公平的全部内涵.根据这一思路,对中国现行税制的公平性进行了全面考量,发现存在诸多有悖于税收公平的因素,并提出了重塑中国税收公平机制的具体构想.     

论适于中国国情的环境税模式选择

环境税是政府实现环境政策目标、构建资源节约型与环境友好型税制的有效手段之一.从环境税在整个税制体系中的地位看,环境税可分为独立型、融入型和税费并存型三种模式.本文比较分析了三种环境税模式的特点及实施条件;在理论与实证考察的基础上,就融入型环境税模式更有利于税收公平与效率目标的实现,也更符合中国现实进行了论证,并提出在现行税制体系中,引进融入型环境税模式,构建绿色税制体系的基本思路.     

Taxation of Mobile Factors as Insurance under Uncertainty

This paper considers the effects of the taxation of mobile factors, i.e., capital, under uncertainty. The wages earned by residents of a jurisdiction are uncertain due to random shocks. Since the uncertain wages in a jurisdiction depend on the amount of mobile capital employed in the jurisdiction, and since taxation alters the quantity of capital employed, taxation affects the riskiness of uncertain wages. In particular, the taxation of capital moderates the fluctuation of uncertain wages, thereby providing insurance. For this reason, jurisdictions use distortionary capital taxation even if lump‐sum taxation is available. In addition, this insurance effect counteracts the tendency toward too low tax rates on capital arising from tax competition, and possibly improves the efficiency of tax competition.     

刍议跨国公司转移价格及其影响

在当前各个国家税率差别减小，加强监管的背景下，跨国公司在我国使用转移价格主要基于非税务动因。出于整体利润最大化以及战略拓展的需要，跨国公司的转移价格定价方法主要有两大类：基于利润的方法和基于市场竞争的方法。跨国公司使用转移价格对我国企业、产业以及财政收入等方面都产生了严重的不良影响，需要在积极引进外资的同时，不断完善相关法律规定，加强国际税收合作，提高外资质量。     

税收起源与目的浅探

税收起源于保障人类与非人类存在物利益共同体存在与发展的需要,起源于保障利益共同体与增进人类利益的需要。税收终极目的在于增进全社会和每个人的利益总量。税收目的既有共同税收目的与特定税收目的、相对税收目的与绝对税收目的、客观税收目的与主观税收目的,也有直接税收目的与终极税收目的。对税收目的认识如何,既关系着税收理论研究的成熟度,更影响着一个社会税收治理体系(税制)的优良程度。     

A research of green taxation policy for promoting energy saving and emission reduction

It＇s been proved by theory and practice that taxation policy is one of the important means of realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The green taxation system in the Western countries has got better effects in energy saving and environmental protection. In the recent years, China has in succession released some taxation policies promoting energy saving and emission reduction, but still has a huge gap to meet the real needs of energy saving and emission reduction. By analyzing China＇s status quo of the polices of energy saving and emission reduction and drawing upon experiences of the developed countries about green taxation, this paper presents how to perfect ideas of China＇s energy saving and emission reduction taxation policies： adjusting taxes relevant to green taxation in the current taxation system, such as resource tax, consumer tax, and so on; collecting new environmental tax; perfecting the preferential taxation policies for the energy saving and environmental protection industries.     

Taxation,corruption, and growth

We build an endogenous growth model to analyze the relationships between taxation, corruption, and economic growth. Entrepreneurs lie at the center of the model and face disincentive effects from taxation but acquire positive benefits from public infrastructure. Political corruption governs the efficiency with which tax revenues are translated into infrastructure. The model predicts an inverted-U relationship between taxation and growth, with corruption reducing the optimal taxation level. We find evidence consistent with these predictions and the entrepreneurial channel using data from the Longitudinal Business Database of the US Census Bureau. The marginal effect of taxation for growth for a state at the 10th or 25th percentile of corruption is significantly positive; on the other hand, the marginal effects of taxation for growth for a state at the 90th percentile of corruption are much lower across the board. We make progress towards causality through Granger-style tests and by considering periphery counties where effective tax policy is largely driven by bordering states. Finally, we calibrate our model and find that the calibrated taxation rate of 37% is fairly close to the model׳s estimated welfare maximizing taxation rate of 42%. Reducing corruption provides the largest potential impact for welfare gain through its impact on the uses of tax revenues.     

Taxation and labour supply: Evidence from a representative population survey

We study how taxation influences labour supply using a specifically designed representative survey of the German population. First, we investigate whether taxes generally matter for the labour supply decisions of our respondents. Around 41 per cent report taking taxes into consideration, implying that the majority of the German population is unresponsive to taxation. Second, we look at self-reported labour supply adjustments following a recently enacted payroll tax change. Only around 12 per cent of our respondents report an actual labour supply response, but we find evidence of an income, as well as a substitution, effect of the tax change. Our conclusion is that the effects of taxes on labour supply in Germany are likely small. We analyse the correlation with economic and socio-demographic variables and find that the self-employed are relatively more sensitive to taxation and that low interest rates reduce incentives for expanding the labour supply.