第三方B2B电子商务平台定价研究——基于双边市场理论

利用双边市场理论对完全垄断下的第三方B2B电子商务平台进行建模,得出了平台利润最大化条件下的定价策略。平台对买方和供给方收取的注册费是受到任意一方各种参数影响的。     

On automated e‐business negotiations: Goal,policy, strategy,and plans of decision and action

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in automated e‐business negotiations. The automation of negotiation requires a decision model to capture the negotiation knowledge of policymakers and negotiation experts so that the decision‐making process can be carried out automatically. Current research on automated e‐business negotiations has focused on defining low‐level tactics (or negotiation rules) so that automated negotiation systems can carry out automated negotiation processes. These low‐level tactics are usually defined from a technical perspective, not from a business perspective. There is a gap between high‐level business negotiation goals and low‐level tactics. In this article, we distinguish the concepts of negotiation context, negotiation goals, negotiation strategy, and negotiation tactics and introduce a formal decision model to show the relations among these concepts. We show how high‐level negotiation goals can be formally mapped to low‐level tactics that can be used to affect the behavior of a negotiation system during the negotiation process. In business, a business organization faces different negotiation situations (or contexts) and determines different sets of goals for different negotiation contexts. In our decision model, a business policymaker sets negotiation goals from different perspectives, which are called goal dimensions. A negotiation policy is a functional mapping from a negotiation context to some quantitative measures (or goal values) for the goal dimensions to express how competitive the policymaker wants to reach that set of goals. A negotiation expert who has the experience and expertise to conduct negotiations would define the negotiation strategies needed for reaching the negotiation goals. Formally, a negotiation strategy is a functional mapping from a set of goal values to a set of decision‐action rules that implement negotiation tactics. The selected decision‐action rules can then be used to control the execution of an automated negotiation system, which conducts a negotiation on behalf of a business organization.     

B2B电子商务模式促进我国企业信用管理体系的建立

目前,我国企业普遍面临着严重的信用问题。缺乏有效完善的企业信用管理机制是造成这种局面的一个主要成因。从B2B电子商务的角度来分析,B2B模式有促进我国企业信用管理体系建立的可行性。并且企业利用第三方B2B交易平台所提供的资源,可以建立信用管理机制。     

Implications of Negotiation Theory for Research and Development of Negotiation Support Systems

This paper summarizes a parametric theory of negotiation as a basis forshedding light on negotiation support system possibilities. Previously, thetheory has been used to analyze prior research accomplishments in the area ofnegotiation support systems. Here, we discuss implications of the theory thatare relevant for future research and development of negotiation supportsystems. The implications are concerned with three topics: a high-levelgeneric characterization of these systems, an identification of theirpossible support functions, and a taxonomy for classifying suchsystems.     

Meaning Making by Managers: Corporate Discourse on Environment and Sustainability in India

The globally generated concepts of environment and sustainability are fast gaining currency in international business discourse. Sustainability concerns are concurrently becoming significant to business planning around corporate social responsibility and integral to organizational strategies toward enhancing shareholder value. The mindset of corporate managers is a key factor in determining company approaches to sustainability. But what do corporate managers understand by sustainability? Our study explores discursive meaning negotiation surrounding the concepts of environment and sustainability within business discourse. The study is based on qualitative interpretive research drawing from symbolic interactionism (Blumer, Symbolic interactionism: perspective and method. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1969) which postulates that meaning in discourse is an essentially contested domain dependent upon negotiation in the Habermasian tradition of mutually respectful dialogue (Habermas, The theory of communicative action: lifeworld and system: a critique of functionalist reason. Beacon Press, Boston 1987). Data from semi-structured intensive interviews of a small sample of senior corporate managers was analyzed to examine how corporate elites in India frame their approach to sustainability issues and respond to external pressures for deeper corporate responsibility. The findings point to the existence of a distinctively local narrative with strong potential for the discursive negotiation of personal and collective understanding of ethical and socio-cultural values that may help internalize broader sustainability considerations into corporate decision-making processes.     

WTO电子商务谈判与数字贸易规则博弈

2019年1月,76个WTO成员签署《电子商务联合声明》,确认启动与贸易有关的电子商务议题谈判,旨在制订电子商务/数字贸易领域的国际规则。本文在对谈判成员、提案内容和规则议题进行梳理的基础上,研究分析了数字贸易规则博弈焦点和国家间立场分歧。研究发现:从成员构成看,发达经济体是谈判的主导者,发展中经济体参与谈判和提交提案的比例偏低;从议题设计看,谈判内容远超以往电子商务谈判,更多聚焦于跨境数据流动、源代码披露等数字贸易规则议题;从博弈焦点看,谈判核心包括数据要素、市场空间、监管治理、技术发展与收益分配5个方面,发达经济体和发展中经济体的诉求差异巨大。在此形势下,中国既要加快完善国内体制机制,营造有利于数字经济和数字贸易发展的环境,又要积极参与数字贸易国际规则制订,提出中国规则主张。     

Moral Discourse and Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting

This paper examines voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting as a form of moral discourse. It explores how alternative stakeholder perspectives lead to differing perceptions of the process and content of responsible reporting. We contrast traditional stakeholder theory, which views stakeholders as external parties having a social contract with corporations, with an emerging perspective, which views interaction among corporations and constituents as relational in nature. This moves the stakeholder from an external entity to one that is integral to corporate activity. We explore how these alternative stakeholder perspectives give rise to different normative demands for stakeholder engagement, managerial processes, and communication. We discuss models of CSR reporting and accountability: EMAS, the ISO 14000 series, SA8000, AA1000, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Copenhagen Charter. We explore how these models relate to the stakeholder philosophies and find that they are largely consistent with the traditional atomistic view but fall far short of the demands for moral engagement prescribed by a relational stakeholder perspective. Adopting a relational view requires stakeholder engagement not only in prescribing reporting requirements, but also in discourse relating to core aspects of the corporation such as mission, values, and management systems. Habermas’ theory of communicative action provides guidelines for engaging stakeholders in this moral discourse. MaryAnn Reynolds is an Associate Professor of Accounting in the College of Business and Economics at Western Washington University. Dr. Reynolds teaches intermediate financial accounting and is published in the areas of corporate social, environmental and ethical reporting. Kristi Yuthas is the Swigert Endowed Information Systems Professor in the School of Business Administration at Portland State University. Dr. Yuthas teaches accounting and information systems and is published in the areas of social and ethical impacts of management information systems.     

Multi-agent interaction processes: From oligopoly theory to decentralized artificial intelligence

This article examines the group processes studied in oligopoly theory and in decentralized artificial intelligence. We develop a unifying perspective for the research on the behavior of autonomous interacting agents. Among the many questions of interest in these disciplines are the ways of creating and reaching cooperation by a group of self-interested independent decentralized agents. In this respect, the models and results of oligopoly theory can also be used both in decentralized artificial intelligence and in many other areas of research, such as group decision making, negotiation support, and organizational theory. In particular, the important idea of reshaping goals with strategic information sharing and transmission—incentive communication—has received little attention outside the field of economics. On the other hand, oligopoly theory and experimental economics can especially benefit from the computational methods and tools of artificial intelligence and modern decision support technology. To demonstrate this we have built a prototype of an experimental market analysis environment. Its potential in the analysis of group processes is illustrated with examples.     

产业组织中B2B电子商务发展影响因素框架构建与实证分析——技术创新视角的审视

企业技术创新的动机和影响是产业经济学的重要内容,而以互联网为基础的企业间电子商务的发展又是20世纪90年代以来产业组织中一项重大的技术创新。本文以技术创新为核心,构建了以创新特征、企业背景以及组织结构三方面10个子变量以及28个观测变量为基础的分析框架,并实证考察分析了影响企业间电子商务发展的因素。最后有针对性地进行了总结并提出需要进一步研究的问题。     

A Formal Basis for Negotiation Support System Research

A high-level theoretical model of negotiation activity is introduced as a foundation for guiding future research and development in the area of negotiation support literature. A formal model at this level is presently absent from the negotiation support systems. The model is formally expressed in terms of definitions and postulates that describe eight important negotiation parameters. Relationships between the model and research in game theory, social behavior science, and decision support systems fields are examined.     

基于全流程的进口B2C跨境电商商品质量风险评估体系构建

进口B2C跨境电商商品质量风险的有效评估是实现高质量监管的基础。文章基于进口B2C跨境电商活动全流程监管,对涉及商品质量的境外采购、仓储物流、平台销售、商品售后四个环节进行风险分析,构建了包括风险识别、评估指标体系、风险度量、风险等级划分以及风险原因追溯五个部分的进口B2C跨境电商商品质量风险评估系统,并以杭州市进口B2C跨境电商企业为例,进行实证研究。研究结果表明,杭州市进口B2C跨境电商企业的风险点主要集中于供应商资源、商品溯源、售后保障、商品质量标准认知四个方面,且不同规模企业的商品质量风险存在异质性。据此对企业和政府提出了相关政策建议。     

企业向平台型B2B电子商务模式的转型策略研究

文章首先对平台型B2B电子商务模式及企业向平台型B2B电子商务模式的转型进行了概念界定和文献综述;然后以分层研究的思想,将企业向平台型B2B电子商务模式转型的策略体系划分为目的层、理论层、过程层、手段层及外部支撑层5个层次,并基于以往相关文献对各个层次进行了分析,从而构建了相应的策略体系框架;再则,以上海爱姆意公司为案例,验证分析了所建框架;最后,归纳出我国企业向平台型B2B电子商务模式转型的关键步骤。     

湖北中小企业电子商务现状与政府扶植政策

在经济全球化和信息化时代政府扶植中小企业发展电子商务极其必要。根据国际经验,中小企业电子商务的发展需要政府推动,同时在对湖北中小企业电子商务发展战略基础与条件作了客观评价并提出湖北中小企业电子商务的发展政策建议。     

B2C电子商务服务质量评价研究

通过借鉴成熟的B2C电子商务服务质量测评指标体系,采用层次分析法计算各级评价指标权重,以天猫为研究平台进行实证调研,进而得到对天猫的服务质量评价得分:天猫的总体服务质量处于较好水平,其中,服务过程指标的整体服务水平较高;而服务结果指标的整体服务水平次之,有待进一步提升;至于服务补救指标的整体服务水平较低,且低于天猫的整体服务质量,需要加强改进。微观上,该项研究可以指导天猫有针对性地提升企业服务质量,进一步提高顾客满意度和忠诚度;宏观上,该项研究为国内B2C电子商务企业服务质量评价提供了参考框架和决策依据,将有效促进国内电子商务行业服务质量的提升,推动电子商务行业的持续发展。     

什么样的电子商务环境产生高电子商务采纳率？——基于71个国家的fsQCA分析

全球电子商务发展不均衡，尤其国家间电子商务采纳率存在明显差异。如何激活电子商务市场已成为各国特别是电子商务采纳率较低的国家亟须解决的重要问题。文章基于信息生态理论，整合了国家信息生态四类核心要素，采用基于组态视角的模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA)，以全球71个国家为样本，探索国家信息生态要素驱动高电子商务采纳率的因果复杂机制。研究发现：(1)单个国家信息生态要素不构成高电子商务采纳率的必要条件，但较高的经济发展水平、兼容的社会文化基础设施环境和政府强有力的政策支持在产生高电子商务采纳率方面起着更普遍的作用；(2)产生高电子商务采纳率的国家信息生态有2类，即政府扶持下依托社会文化基础设施的法律驱动型和政府扶持下依托社会文化基础设施的技术驱动型；(3)优越的技术环境和有效的法律环境在实现高电子商务采纳率的过程中互为替代关系；(4)产生非高电子商务采纳率的国家信息生态有3类，且与产生高电子商务采纳率的国家信息生态存在非对称关系。     

A Multi-Attribute Negotiation Support System with Market Signaling for Electronic Markets

Despite the rapid growth of technology and Internet-based markets, many of the current systems limit themselves to price as the single dimension variable and offer, if at all, only minimal negotiation support to the consumer. In the real world, commercial transactions take into account many other parameters both quantitative and qualitative such as product quality, speed, reputation, after sales service, etc. This paper discusses how these multiple attributes can be captured to augment standard negotiation processes in order to support electronic market transactions. Using a combination of utility theory and multicriteria decision-making, we propose heuristic algorithms to discover potential trades. In addition, the approach is included within a larger framework that incorporates market-signaling mechanisms. This not only allows for the systematic evolution of negotiation positions among buyers and sellers but can ultimately lead towards improving both market transparency and efficiency. To illustrate the multiple criteria model coupled with the dynamic market signaling framework, we report in this paper the implementation of a Web-based clearinghouse that serves the real estate market.     

A Benchmark for B2B Use of E-Commerce

ABSTRACT

A telephone survey of 517 corporate executives in large and mixed-sized companies was used to determine the status of business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce. Findings included that only one-quarter of respondents used B2B e-commerce in their businesses, but 41% said that their companies planned to add e-commerce to their Websites. Of those who conducted e-commerce, 73% found it a profitable way to reach customers without cannibalizing traditional sales revenue. The timing of the survey, between periods of economic expansion, makes this a valuable benchmark for the adoption of e-commerce.     

Customer Evaluation of Supply Systems: The Case of Ethiopian Seed Supply Systems

This study explores the performance of Ethiopian seed systems from a customer’s perspective. The study builds on the view that seed supply systems perform marketing functions such as developing new varieties of seed, multiplying the right quantity and quality, and distributing to the right places, at the right time, for an acceptable price. Hence, supply systems create value and satisfy customers. This study’s contribution is twofold. First, customer satisfaction theory is applied to complex chains (i.e. seed supply systems) in emerging markets, with their specific contextual challenges. Second, it identifies the criteria that farmers use to evaluate seed supply systems and evaluates Ethiopian seed supply systems from a farmer customer’s perspective, which can be used as a basis to increase customer satisfaction.