发展第三方物流,提高物流企业核心竞争力

目前我国第三方物流发展的实际十分落后和缓慢,与越来越多的企业物流外包的物流需求发展极不适应,发展第三方物流成为我国物流发展的必然趋势。本文从我国第三方物流业发展中存在的问题出发,有针对性地提出了规范化地发展现代物流、加强物流企业流程改造、加大物流信息化建设力度、开展电子商务物流、发展综合物流代理业务和培育大型物流企业、壮大企业规模的第三方物流发展对策。     

快递企业服务制造业物流的合作收益分配研究——基于修正的Raiffa解模型分析

服务制造业物流是中国快递企业现阶段扩展高附加值增值业务、实现高质量发展的重要内容。基于边际贡献和市场地位因素，文章提出了快递服务制造业直销物流的价值链“Z型曲线”，采用基于市场地位的“Z因子”扩展了传统的基于边际贡献的Raiffa解模型，并应用该扩展模型分析了快递企业服务制造业直销物流的合作收益分配问题。结论发现，应用扩展的Raiffa解模型计算快递服务制造业直销物流收益分配更加符合现实，且更具有操作性。基于行业调研数据，文章应用算例对该模型进行了验证。     

电子商务物流取货自提店模式分析

本文重点分析自提店式物流取贳模式，即客户在网上下单后，卖家将客户所选商品送到指定的自提店，客户在方便时自行提取的物流配送模式，认为自提店可以由电子商务企业、第三方物流公司或专业的第四方构建，包括固定点式自提店和便利店式自提店两种形式，并对其选择理由和构建对策进行分析。     

Competitive advantage and the transformation of value chains over time: The example of a South Korean diversified business group, 1953–2013

We examine the historical evolution of different elements in value chains that create value-added and competitive advantage. This is achieved by using the conceptual model of the ‘smile curve’ with a longitudinal case study of a diversified business group, CJ Group, a former affiliated firm of Samsung Group. We found that the value-added structure graph in the industrialisation period displayed an ‘upside-down U shape’, indicating that production and manufacturing were the most value-adding sectors. However, in the more recent knowledge-based economy period, the graph shows a quite different shape, indicating R&D, firm infrastructure, manufacturing, logistics, service, and marketing as sources of value-added. This shows that competitive advantage diversified into other fields to fit with the changed economy. We also investigate what type of organisational structure, strategy, and capabilities were adopted for organisational change. We found an evolution, with an unrelated diversification strategy by altering capabilities from contacts and generic to organisational and technological capabilities.     

Deadlock in corporate governance: Finding a common strategy for private telephone companies, 1978–1998

This paper looks at how a group of small, incumbent private telephone companies complied with the international convergence of market structures. The existing research has mainly focused on large national incumbents, assuming a transition to multinational enterprise. This development process is often associated with privatisation policies and various institutional factors. The article tests these assumptions using a case study of the network of Finnish local telephone companies. It looks at the development of an interfirm network, its perspectives on the different phases of the deregulation process, and how the network tried to regenerate itself but failed to form a unified corporate structure capable of mounting a common business strategy. The reason for this failure resembles the idea of governance inseparability: private telecom companies were committed to the objectives and form of a tried and trusted cooperation model, which no longer met the requirements of the competitive and increasingly liberalised business environment of the 1990s. This case demonstrates that the significance of both corporate governance and organisational development are, above all, related to the firm’s ability to regenerate itself.     

Establishing Logistics Service Strategies That Increase Sales

While the linkage between logistics performance and firm performance has received attention in the literature, typically firm performance is measured as customer satisfaction and customer loyalty rather than share of business or other measures that translate into a financial benefit. Thus logistics executives continue to be judged primarily on cost and asset reductions. Only one study has documented how logistics performance affects customer satisfaction and the percentage of business allocated to the suppliers as well as the differences in outcomes between firms identified as primary and secondary suppliers (Leuschner et al. 2012 ). In this research, we use samples in the motion picture and video production industry, and the plastic materials and resins industry to investigate the impact of the Marketing Mix on customer satisfaction and share of business. Our results differ from Leuschner et al. ( 2012 ) regarding the impact of product, price, and promotion on customer satisfaction, but we confirm the impact of logistics performance on customer satisfaction and the relationship between customer satisfaction and share of business for primary and secondary suppliers combined. Finally, we provide a framework to identify logistics service strategies based on a customer's current profitability, potential growth, and the share of a customer's purchases obtained.     

International Production Sharing Opportunities in Mexico and the Caribbean

Abstract

In an effort to take advantage of access to valuable resources and increased market presence, many U.S. manufacturers have pursued production sharing relationships in a variety of overseas locations. These efforts are seen as methods of combating several threats to firm performance: increased domestic production costs, escalating international manufacturing competition, and ever changing barriers to entry regulations. From the perspective of an integrated North American competitive strategy, two geographic areas-Mexico and the Caribbean Basin-have received much attention as potential operating locations. Using a survey of corporate managers responsible for strategic business unit operations, this study investigates and compares the manufacturing and logistics performance of U.S. manufacturers operating in Mexico and the Caribbean. Relationships between logistics performance, manufacturing performance, and firm performance are examined and managerial implications are discussed.     

“营改增”对我国物流上市公司投资活动的影响

“营改增”是我国财税体制改革的一部分,是国家实施结构性减税的一项重要举措。作为首批试点行业企业,物流企业在实施“营改增”后税收负担及投资活动等的变化,是政府部门和学术界都很关心的问题。选择我国沪深两市物流上市公司2009—2018年的相关数据为研究样本,从国泰安数据库中获得最新数据,采用多元线性回归模型评估“营改增”对上市物流公司固定资产及无形资产投资活动的政策效应,研究结果显示,“营改增”能显著增加仓储邮政业上市公司的固定资产及无形资产投资,显著降低水上运输业上市公司的固定资产投资,对其他物流行业上市公司的固定资产及无形资产投资均没有显著性影响。鉴于不同盈利和不同税率情况下的物流细分行业受“营改增”政策影响的结果差异较大,建议政府部门进一步简化并降低物流企业税率,完善鼓励投资的相关配套政策;相应行业的企业管理层也应顺应政策导向,根据市场需求和自身资产情况,统筹安排投资时机和力度,将税收节约的资金进行有效投资。     

Global value chains and the lost competitiveness of the Japanese watch industry: an applied business history of Seiko since 1990

An applied business history approach offers particular insights into the lost competitiveness of the Japanese watch company Seiko and its causes. Although Seiko was the world's largest firm in the watch industry in the mid-1980s, the company experienced a huge decrease in sales during the next decade and became unable to compete effectively against Swiss watch companies that had repositioned themselves in luxury business. The focus on the evolution of global value chains (GVC) in the industry, which saw a shift from producer-driven GVC to buyer-driven GVC, highlights a major change in the 1990s. Seiko did not change its strategy despite this paradigm shift and has continued to run its foreign subsidiaries according to the producer-driven model.     

Crowdsourcing Last Mile Delivery: Strategic Implications and Future Research Directions

The rise of e‐commerce over the past 20 years has created an increased need for responsive omnichannel distribution to meet the last mile challenge. Some companies are experimenting with the use of the sharing economy business model to augment distribution strategies. The use of so‐called “Crowdsourced Logistics” (CSL) is becoming more prevalent in practice, but the role in logistics strategy of this new phenomenon has not been thoroughly investigated and understood. Using a contingency theory lens, this research contributes a nascent understanding of how CSL performs in terms of logistics effectiveness by simulating same‐day delivery services from a distribution center to 1,000 customer locations throughout New York City under dynamic market conditions and by comparing the results to those of a traditional dedicated fleet of delivery drivers. The findings are analyzed to suggest how firms may find strategic benefit using CSL. An agenda for future research is provided to explore these strategic implications and to deepen knowledge about the CSL phenomenon.     

New Technology Adoption,Business Strategy and Government Involvement: The Case of Mobile Commerce

SUMMARY

This research focuses on understanding how business organizations are likely to adopt mobile commerce (m-commerce) technology. Mobile commerce adoption represents a complex process that draws in variables external to the firm such as the environment in which the business operates and the government involvement, as well as variables internal to the company such as its business strategy and its organizational culture. A model is formulated and several research propositions are offered. They will help understand the mobile commerce applications adoption process. Implications of this model and further research avenues are discussed.     

Do employees value strategic CSR? A tale of affective organizational commitment and its underlying mechanisms

Virtually all studies that focus on the relationship between CSR perceptions and employees’ organizational commitment have not taken into consideration the fit between social and environmental activities and a firm’s business‐unit strategy. This is essential to inquire because scholars have argued that when companies ingrain CSR activities into their strategy‐making process (i.e., in their vision, mission, and overall business model), this might send a more compelling message that resonates closer to workers’ personal standards, and actually enhance employee‐level outcomes. Nevertheless, there is no certainty “if” and “how” these evaluations could affect employees’ organizational commitment. To address this issue, we use cue consistency theory and social identity theory as overarching frameworks to develop a model where we conceptually link perceptions of strategy‐CSR fit with a particular type of organizational commitment: affective. In addition, we posit and test three mediators to understand the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship: perceived external prestige, organizational identification, and work meaningfulness. Through structural equation modeling, and using a heterogeneous final sample of 579 employees, we find compelling evidence to support the fact that strategy‐CSR fit enhances employees’ affective organizational commitment through the proposed mediators. Academic contributions and practical implications are then discussed.     

动态联盟:我国中小物流企业的竞争策略

随着国际大型物流企业进入我国物流市场,国内大型龙头物流企业的崛起,我国中小物流企业面临较大的竞争压力。本文分析了动态联盟的含义、虚拟物流内涵、虚拟物流企业的内涵和动态联盟的成因。指出动态联盟是我国中小物流企业有效的竞争策略。     

绿色物流管理策略探讨

经济的发展、环境的恶化使物流企业认识到对资源的开发和利用必须坚持可持续发展的战略。物流企业可以通过集约、优化各种资源,提高流通效率、压缩流通成本的同时也节约资源、提高资源利用效率。文章从绿色物流的内涵入手,简析了绿色物流兴起的原因,从运输、仓储、包装和流通加工四个方面对绿色物流策略进行了探讨,为物流企业管理提供借鉴。     

冷链电商的发展研究

冷链电商是指依靠成熟的冷链物流行业,在电子商务平台上开展生鲜、农产品及其他特殊产品的业务。冷链电商的核心竞争力其实就在冷链物流。2013年国家对农业有着非常重要的政策支持,从年初的中央1号文件,到11月份的十八届三中全会,各项政策都是对农业的发展有利。细数如今生鲜电商的类型主要分为四种,综合型电商平台、垂直电商、物流企业、线下超市或农场。而各家企业也都或多或少地面临着生鲜的冷链保存及运输问题。     

粤港澳大湾区物流业高质量发展的路径

物流高质量发展的内在特点是物流系统化程度高、技术先进、产业和产品结构合理、内生动力强。可用单位GDP的社会物流成本、单位物流成本的物流增加值、物流服务水平、技术创新能力、绿色发展等指标评价物流业发展质量。粤港澳大湾区物流业发展质量虽然在全国处于领先水平,但与美、日、欧等发达经济体的先进水平相比仍有较大差距。物流业发展质量偏低表现为物流的成本高,服务水平、生产效率和经济效益较低,资源浪费和环境污染等等,其原因在于技术创新不足,第三产业欠发达且发展不均衡,物流产业组织集聚程度相对较低,物流技术应用不足及劳动力成本上涨,物流一体化程度不高,物流组织管理技术不强,铁路物流发展滞后和海关效率低下等。提高粤港澳大湾区物流发展质量,要创建粤港澳大湾区创新生态系统,强化技术创新,深化第三产业发展,加快物流产业集聚,培养具有世界领先水平的物流龙头企业,加强物流技术推广和应用,加速物流一体化进程,用技术推动物流商业模式和经营业态创新,提升全球供应链的组织技术,深化铁路物流系统改革,加大海关改革力度,发展绿色物流。     

Determinants and Performance Effects of Social Performance Measurement Systems

This study investigates the performance measurement systems adopted by companies to manage their social responsibility activities, a theme that remains under-researched despite the important role that these mechanisms may play in helping firms control and improve their social performance. An integrative model is developed to examine how the three fundamental drivers of corporate social strategies, i.e., business motivations, perceived stakeholder pressures, and top management’s social commitment, influence the use of social performance indicators for internal decision-making and control and how such use impacts companies’ social and economic performance. The results from a survey of 97 Italian companies suggest that economic motivations and top management’s commitment are associated with a more intensive use of social performance indicators for decision-making and control, whereas perceived pressures from stakeholders do not represent a significant determinant of such use. The use of social performance indicators, in turn, is found to directly influence a firm’s social performance and, indirectly, its bottom line.     

柴油紧缺对国内物流业的影响及对策

近来,国内柴油紧缺,油价飚升,对长期使用柴油货车的货运业来说可是一大冲击,致使国内从事物流业的企业处于微利状态,运营成本多了5%～6%,利润将被吃掉了两成。国内物流业处于半瘫痪状态.或许这将促使国内物流业重新洗牌,从而促使物流业最终走向集约化、规模化。     

Determinants of International Activities: Are SMEs Different?

In this paper we econometrically investigate the factors determining the choice of a specific internationalisation strategy. We distinguish four strategies, ranging from “serving foreign markets through exports only” up to “exporting and locating abroad several business functions such as distribution, production and R & D”. These strategies are evaluated against the reference category “domestic sales only” (multinomial logit model). The analysis, to a large extent, confirms Dunning’s well-known OLI paradigm. O-advantages turn out to be the main drivers of internationalisation, irrespective of firm size and internationalisation strategy. However, the knowledge-base on which O-advantages of smaller firms rests is more narrow than that of large companies. Whereas the former rely, in relative terms, primarily on capabilities related to incremental innovations, the latter draw to a higher extent on assets enabling them to be competitive in terms of far-reaching innovations. L-advantages (wages, regulatory framework, etc.) primarily are relevant in case of small firms; but even for this size class, O-advantages are dominant.     

Korean Companies in Mexico: Business Practices and National Identity

This article examines certain characteristics of Korean investment in Mexico. It provides an analytical framework to study the business practices of Korean companies and the influence of Korean national identity on the business linkages abroad. Special attention is given to the linkages that Korean companies (commercial subsidiaries, affiliates, suppliers, producers, and maquiladoras) maintain with their parent companies and/or with other Korean-origin firms, with a focus on two specific issues: control and decision making within the firm and the preference for doing business with Koreans.