M连锁零售企业物流中心选址与配送问题研究

近年来,我国连锁经营企业的发展更加迅速,企业竞争更加剧烈。企业物流中心选址与配送作为连锁经营企业的重要环节,受到了连锁零售企业的重视。降低库存和配送成本,提高配送效率已成为连锁企业面临的重要问题。本文对M连锁零售企业物流配送进行分析研究,打破传统配送模式。运用层次分析法确定全国范围内7个物流配送中心。在综合考虑设计运输线路的各因素后,运用线性规划建立数学模型重新设计运输方案。将该公司运输方案由生产基地直接向各地零售商配送,调整为生产基地运输到七个区域分发中心,然后由区域分发中心分别向各需求地配送货物。     

零售业的准时配送系统 准时配送的优势

<正>根据时间引导顾客的弊端零售行业激烈地竞争,企业差异化经营越来越重要。纵观现零售行业终端配送服务承诺,绝大部分企业以某个时点为分界线,该时点以上当天配送,该时点以下隔天送达。企业将配送区域划分成若干小区域,由不同的人员负责不同地区域。一般企业做配送需求登记时,一线营业员往往首先询问顾客的配送时间,录入顾客需求。先入为主的询问是企业引导顾     

北京市区域物流配送运输调度成本控制研究

文章通过建立简单算法的数学模型,对区域物流在配送调度成本进行分析,并结合京东商城北京片区进行阐述。针对实际情况提出在区域物流的配送过程中需要避免紧急配送与临时配送的情况,在配送路线上注意合理性与车辆运输的合理使用,尽可能减少并控制区域物流配送运输调度成本。     

零售连锁企业与特色加盟店物流配送的联系

本文研究了传统零售企业连锁店中以一个区域为配送中心、多个城市为配送中心供应链配送系统优化,物流配送系统网址选择.分析传统零售连锁企业物流供应链,对比分析加盟店与零售连锁店商品配送,给出特色小吃加盟店产品配送模式求解方法.     

覆盖模型下的跨区域配送线路优化——以凉山烟草物流配送为例

本文结合烟草专卖性的特点,从客户需求角度出发,利用覆盖模型,针对现有卷烟配送线路提出跨区域配送线路优化的新方法.通过对不同需求的大量离散卷烟零售客户按道路情况聚类分析,化零为整得出零售客户需求点集,运用覆盖模型从零售客户需求点集中寻找虚拟物流配送中转站,进而打破以往按区域划分的配送方式,达到优化配送线路,提高装载率的目的.     

物流配送路径规划的运筹学分析

一、引言 随着市场经济的发展和物流技术专业化水平的提高,物流配送业得到了迅猛发展.配送路径的选择是否合理,对加快配送速度、提高服务质量、降低配送成本及增加经济效益都有较大影响.配送路径的优化问题是物流配送系统的一个主要问题,物流配送路径的优化就是以最低的运营成本、最快捷的响应速度、最短的配送运输时间,把货物运至用户手中,而后两个指标与第一个指标之间存在着一定的制约关系,无法达剑全体的最优,因此严格地讲,这是一个多目标的优化问题.确定配送路线涉及的因素很多,主要因素有运输距离、运输环节、运输工具、运输时间、运输费用等.合理配送中的路线选择问题实质上往往是多目标的,也就是说,一条从源点的路线要受到一个以上的目标影响.     

构建药品零售配送到户体系的基础性研究——以泰州市海陵区为例

文章以调研海陵区药品零售现状和市民需求为基础,从内外两方面分析当前海陵药品零售企业的经营困境,并提出一些可行的解决方法。在此基础上分析构建海陵区药品零售配送到户项目的可行性,并进行药品零售配送到户体系的基础性研究。     

面向大型零售企业的富基物流资源规划

<正> 据统计,中国零售百强的零售商品分销成本占25％～27％,企业流动资金平均周转速度为2.5次;美国前16位零售企业的零售商品分销成本占7％～8％,企业流动资金平均周转速度为20～25次。例如,沃尔玛85％的商品是通过配送中心配送的,其中的80％是通过“零库存”的越库配送形式完成的。由于沃尔玛采用了越库配送和自动补货的供应链技术,使商品的在库周转期降低到2天。而我国零售企业大都在15～30天,这反映了我国零售、分销企业整体物流体系欠发达,流通成本太高。中国零售企业快速扩张的规模和速度如果不能在短期内形成质的优势就是一种危险的投机。     

物流配送中的车辆路径优化问题

配送是物流活动中直接与消费者相连的重要环节。在物流的各项成本中,配送成本占了相当高的比例。运输线路是否合理直接影响配送速度、成本和效益。在高度发展的商业社会中,消费者对时间的要求越来越严格,以往的到货"日"现已转换成到货"时",于是时间窗的概念应运而生。随着商品运输呈现小批量、多品种、多频次、及时性等趋势,多用户运输路径的确定更为复杂。因此,车辆路径问题(Vehicle Routing Problem,简称VRP)成为众多学者竞相研究的热门话题。     

关于合肥打造长三角物流中心的研究

物流是指为了满足客户的需求，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品或相关信息进行由商品的产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程。物流是能将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合的过程，以管理体制创新和物流组织，多功能、网络化、集成化的现代物流是网络技术高速发展、经济全球化的产物，更是推动经济全球化的重要服务业。中国物流行业起步较晚，但随着国民经济的持续高速发展，物流行业的市场需求不断扩大。21世纪以来，国家一直加强和改善宏观调控政策，我国物流行业保持较快增长速度，物流体系不断完善，出现了趋稳向好、转型升级的新局面。现代物流业的发展水平已经成为衡量一个国家或地区现代化程度的重要标志之一，区域物流不仅是21世纪全球城市区域产业升级的重要途径，而且也是城市群产业空间组织的基石。     

Exchange rates and US direct investment into Latin America

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze separately the determinants of maritime transport and road transport costs for Spanish exports to Poland and Turkey (markets for which maritime and road transport are competing modes) and investigate the different effects of these costs on international trade. First, we investigate the extent to which maritime and road transport costs depend on different factors such as unit values, distances, transport conditions, service structures, and service quality. Second, we analyze the relative importance of road and maritime transport costs in comparison with distance measures as determinants of trade flows. The main results of this investigation indicate that real distance is not a good proxy for transportation costs and identify the central variables influencing road and maritime transportation costs: for both modes, transport conditions are strong determinants, whereas efficiency and service quality are more important for maritime transport costs, and geographical distance is more important for road transport. Road and maritime transport costs are central explanatory factors of exports and they seem to deter trade to a greater extent than road or maritime transit time when endogeneity is considered.     

基于移动定位技术的物流运输管理系统

为了提高物流企业的效率和管理水平,实现对物流运输车辆行驶状态的实时监控以及根据货源和实时道路情况对车辆合理调度与统筹安排,本文提出运用现代移动定位技术(GSM)、地理信息系统(GIS)等多种技术并结合现代物流管理理念,开发基于移动定位技术的物流运输管理系统。     

Spatial environmental risk factors for pedestrian injury collisions in Ciudad Juárez,Mexico (2008–2009): implications for urban planning

The aim of this study is to examine the spatial distribution of pedestrian injury collisions and analyse the environmental (social and physical) risk factors in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. More specifically, this study investigates the influence of land use, density, traffic and socio-economic characteristics. This cross sectional study is based on pedestrian injury collision data that were collected by the Municipal Transit Police during 2008–2009. This research presents an analysis of vehicle–pedestrian collisions and their spatial risk determinants using mixed methods that included (1) spatial/geographical information systems (GIS) analysis of pedestrian collision data and (2) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to explain the density of pedestrian collisions data. In our model, we found a higher probability for pedestrian collisions in census tracts with population and employment density, large concentration of commercial/retail land uses and older people (65 and more). Interventions to alleviate this situation including transportation planning such as decentralisation of municipal transport system, investment in road infrastructure – density of traffic lights, pedestrian crossing, road design, improves lane demarcation. Besides, land use planning interventions should be implemented in commercial/retail areas, in particular separating pedestrian and vehicular spaces.     

物流配送中心选址模型及其算法分析

随着国民经济的发展,物流业越来越受到重视。在大力发展物流业的同时面临的一个共同的问题是:配送中心如何进行合理选址。文章提出,较佳的配送中心选址方案是使商品通过配送中心进行汇集、中转、分发直至输送到需求点的全过程的效益最好。因此,配送中心如何选址是一个重要问题,且需要一个系统性、全局性的安排。文章根据配送中心选址问题的特点和所应满足的条件,以运输成本最低为约束条件,构造选址问题数学模型,并通过启发式算法得出选址模型最优解,求得工厂对各物流配送中心配送能力和物流配送中心对需求点配送能力的最佳配送方案。实证研究表明,该模型是正确的,可有效解决物流系统分析和设计中的配送中心选址问题,优化物流系统,促使物流系统有效运作,提高企业经济效益,真正实现物流"第三利润源泉"的功能。     

Die Verkehrsinfrastruktur in Deutschland: marode und unterfinanziert

In German transport infrastructure provision, political decision-making and a lack of user charges are the main reasons for inefficiencies, such as underinvestment, misallocation of funds and congestions. In the last decades, transport policy in Germany has focused on network extensions, while maintaining and renewing the infrastructure have been neglected. Additional financial resources will be needed to restore the quality of the federal, state and local transportation networks, in order of magnitude of yy7.2 billion p.a. in the next 15 years. Although the government collects about yy45 billion in taxes and infrastructure charges from road transport, it is unable to fund the transport infrastructure adequately. Several committees have suggested new concepts to provide sufficient funding, continuity and efficiency for renewing the transport infrastructure, and different options of raising more funds are under discussion (launching a fund, increasing general or energy taxes, extending road charges). Special attention is paid to the political economy of public funding and both tax and charge resistance which are considered to be the main obstacle rather than a lack of ideas or scientific knowledge. In the end, German transport infrastructure does not only need additional money but also structural reforms to increase efficiency in the infrastructure sector.     

哈尔滨铁路局多元经营发展模式初探

面对新形势,全面提高哈尔滨铁路局非运输业实现和加快发展。哈尔滨铁路局非运输业面对货运网上受理、铁路运价及装卸费率调整和货运组织改革等一系列变化与考验,做出了不同的反响。哈尔滨铁路局是资源大局,煤、粮、石油等大宗品类货源占80%以上。多年以来,非运输企业主要依靠资源和运力创效,以物流业务为主导、靠运输优势发展的特征十分明显。货运改革改后,非运输业留存了煤炭经贸、外经外贸、加工制造、工建监理、站车传媒、石油化工以及旅游酒店等产业,路货运组织改革后,总公司提出积极发展"门到门"运输以外的社会物流服务,所以非运输业精心部署、扎实推进,全面抓好"门到门"物流服务工作贯彻落实。把握发展定位,必须大力拓展多元化经营领域,认真落实多元化各种保障措施。     

Opportunities to reduce road traffic injury: new insights from the study of urban areas

Abstract

Over the past four decades considerable efforts have been taken to mitigate the growing burden of road injury. With increasing urbanisation along with global mobility that demands not only safe but equitable, efficient and clean (reduced carbon footprint) transport, the responses to dealing with the burgeoning road traffic injury in low- and middle-income countries has become increasingly complex. In this paper, we apply unique methods to identify important strategies that could be implemented to reduce road traffic injury in the Asia-Pacific region; a region comprising large middle-income countries (China and India) that are currently in the throes of rapid motorisation. Using a convolutional neural network approach, we clustered countries containing a total of 1632 cities from around the world into groups based on urban characteristics related to road and public transport infrastructure. We then analysed 20 countries (containing 689 cities) from the Asia-Pacific region and assessed the global burden of disease attributed to road traffic injury and these various urban characteristics. This study demonstrates the utility of employing image recognition methods to discover new insights that afford urban and transport planning opportunities to mitigate road traffic injury at a regional and global scale.     

Bayerische Pkw-Maut: Ausgangspunkt für ein modernes Preissystem

Horst Seehofer, Bavaria’s prime minister, seems to be close to his objective of implementing a road toll for foreign cars in Germany. As German road infrastructure suffers from large deficits, a new fiscal instrument seems to be inevitable. Thus, Seehofer’s initiative points in the right direction, however, applying a suboptimal vignette model is not the right approach. The opportunity should be used to establish a toll model which creates efficient allocation and fiscal effects. This article sets out three simple principles which allow the implementation of such a system.     

冷再生技术在城市道路养护中的应用

城市道路是城市交通运输的载体，也是城市基础设施的重要组成部分。传统的施工采用破除旧基础重新修筑新基础，成本过高、工期过长，直接影响道路交通，并且在城市建成区施工时，给沿路居民的工作和生活带来了诸多不便。路面冷再生技术以其施工工艺简便、施工工期短、经济环保的特点，广泛应用于城市道路养护中。     

电子商务下物流配送系统的若干思考——以大型家电零售企业为例

电子商务的迅猛发展使得物流配送成为亟待解决的问题,为提高配送效率、促进电子商务的发展有必要建立先进合理的物流配送系统。本文以家电零售企业为例,阐述了配送系统建设的必要性、系统的功能,最后指出在构建、优化系统过程中需要注意的问题。