紫苏栽培技术

紫苏属一年生草本植物,叶（苏叶）、梗（苏梗）、果（苏子）均可入药。 一、生态习性 紫苏喜温暖湿润气候;适合种植于疏松、肥沃、排水良好的砂质壤土地块;     

如何提高宁都黄鸡养殖的经济效益

宁都黄鸡是著名的地方优质鸡品种，具有早熟，三黄（胫、羽、喙）、五红（冠、髯、脸、眼圈、耳叶）等特点，     

苦菜

苦菜又名油麦生菜，菊科苦苣属，一年生草本植物，为中国农科院（电话：010-51503600）特菜新品种。该品种耐寒不耐热。种子呈褐色，叶簇直立，叶片披针形，叶稍尖，浅绿色。     

“美丰抗金”——稻田除草剂上市

“美丰抗金”是氰氟草酯（16％）和精噁唑禾草灵（4％）两种成分的复配产品，具有以下六大产品特点：（1）防除大龄和抗性千金子、马唐、稗草，对2～5叶期千金子、马唐高效；对5叶期以上，已拔节匍匐的大龄千金子高效；     

伊宁县玉米红蜘蛛的发生规律与有关防治措施

玉米红蜘蛛（Tetranychus truncatus）属蝉螨目、叶螨科（学名玉米叶螨），是玉米成株期的主要虫害之一，近年来随着气候的变化对玉米为害日趋严重。形态特征：成虫体小而圆，红色或锈色，足四对：卵圆球形，直径约0．13mm，新产的卵无色透明，后变橙色，孵化前可出现红色眼点：幼虫为第一龄若虫，体长1．5mm左右。     

百合花卉杂交亲本的选择

百合花在切花市场上占有重要地位。介绍主要利用东北产野生百合做母本．进行百合种间杂交。通过11组杂交组合的试验观察．选择出生殖亲合力最强的杂交组合的轮叶百合（L．disticum）×王百合（L．regale）．其次为毛百合（L．dauricum）×细叶百合（L．pumilum）、细叶百合（L．pumilum）×垂花百合（Lcernum）。     

油菜新品种介绍

华湘油15号 该品种由湖南亚华种业科学研究院（湖南省长沙市雨花区中意路558号，邮编：400042）培育。特征特性：甘监型半冬性隐性核不育杂交种，幼苗半直立，子叶肾脏彤，叶色常绿，基叶裂片2-3对，叶缘浅缺刻。     

高产水稻看叶促控技术

1．叶龄的直观识别叶龄的确定需定点观察,但农民很难做到。现介绍让农民易学的直观识别方法。（1）秧田期的叶龄识别。拨起秧苗,洗净根部泥土,与种谷同侧的为单数叶,相反为双数叶。此法对中、大苗移栽秧秧田期叶龄识别和机插秧、直播稻早期叶龄识别非常适用,     

茄子高产抓五管

１、科学追肥。在茄子生长前期（移栽活棵后至始花），每隔７～１０天用２５０～４００公斤人粪尿兑水１０００公斤浇株，或亩用尿素５～６公斤，兑水５００～７５０公斤泼浇；结果期每隔５～７天亩用尿素７～８公斤，或人粪尿７５０公斤兑水泼蔸；花期、连续结果期叶面喷施０．３％磷酸二氢钾、０．２％硼酸、０．５％尿素混合液，共喷２～３次。 ２、适当摘叶。在茄子生长中后期，对植株生长旺盛、枝多叶茂、荫蔽严重的田块，宜多摘叶，早摘叶；栽培不密，植株荫蔽搭遮少，通风透光好的，可不必摘叶（但应摘去病虫叶、黄叶）。摘叶宜摘除…     

油菜新品种介绍（下）

黔油28号 该品种由贵州省油料研究所（贵州省贵阳市小河区金农社区，邮编：550006）培育。 特征特性：甘蓝型半冬性细胞核雄性不育两系杂交种。幼苗半直立，叶片较大，叶绿色，裂叶1～2对，叶缘浅锯齿，无缺刻，蜡粉较厚，叶片无刺毛。花黄色，花瓣侧叠。种子褐黑局部褐黄色。全生育期平均234天，平均株高138．7cm，     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.