利用辐照和混合酶制剂综合处理上部烟叶的研究

对利用辐照和混合酶制剂综合处理改善上部烟叶品质进行了研究。结果表明:①辐照可以改善烟叶的评吸质量,最佳辐照剂量为6～9KGy。②烟叶加入α-淀粉酶和复合蛋白酶后贮存13～16 h效果最好,当烟叶贮存16h后,淀粉、蛋白质和总氮量分别减少了76%、22%和8%,总糖和还原糖的含量分别增加了3%及7%。烟叶经过辐照和复合酶2步综合处理后,烟叶的感官质量明显改善,可用性增加。     

AOTF近红外光谱技术在打叶复烤检测中的应用研究

利用近红外光谱吸收烟草中的C-H、N-H、O-H等含氢基团基频的倍频及合频,运用Unscram bler定量分析软件建立烟叶中总糖、还原糖、总烟碱、钾和氯的定量回归模型,选择不同产地、等级的300个烟叶样品,各成分近红外预测值与实验室化学值对比,一致性达到99.50%以上,各成分平均相对偏差小于0.5%,结果表明AOTF-NIR技术可以实现快速用于烟草主要化学成分的检测。应用于打叶复烤生产线,可以实现化学成分在线检测和质量控制。     

不同种植制度对烤烟产质量的影响

通过对不同种植制度下烤烟产质量的调查研究,结果表明:连作同轮作相比,连作处理增加了田间病害发病率和烤后烟叶的淀粉含量,降低了烟株的根系活力以及烤后烟叶的钾含量、上等烟比例、产量及产值。轮作处理之间相比,以大豆-小麦-烟草处理的田间发病率最低,根系活力最高,上等烟比例、均价和产值较高;大豆-玉米-烟草处理在田间发病率、根系活力和经济性状上其次;玉米-大豆-烟草处理产量稍高,评吸稍好,但上等烟比例、均价和产值稍差,化学成分欠协调。     

德阳市雪茄烟叶生产综合标准体系建立与应用成效

雪茄烟叶的标准化生产，对于提高烟叶质量、提升生产规模、增加烟农收入具有十分重要的意义。为了提升德阳雪茄烟叶生产的标准化水平，进行了德阳雪茄烟叶生产综合标准体系的建设。所建立的标准体系，由基础标准、试验与分析标准、环境条件与生产资料标准、生产技术标准、产品标准与质量监控标准、管理与服务标准等六大板块构成，包含各类标准共计63项，涵盖了雪茄烟叶生产的育苗、整地、机耕、覆膜、移栽、田间管理、采收以及调制等主要环节。开展了德阳雪茄烟叶生产综合标准体系在雪茄烟叶生产中的贯彻与应用，取得了良好的成效。     

不同地理环境贮存条件对卷烟加工质量的影响

为保证兰州、天水两个生产点加工的同一价类牌号卷烟产品实现"均质化"生产的目标,文章对影响生产加工工艺过程的贮存工艺环节进行了试验测试分析研究。通过试验,对不同地理条件下相同温湿度条件下烟叶(丝)贮存后含水率的变化进行了分析研究,结果表明,不同地理条件下,采用相同的贮存条件,烟叶(丝)含水率差异性较大,含水率变化同空气含湿量成正相关。     

基于GECA的成品烟叶内在化学成分聚类分析

为解决多因素内在化学成分对不同品种烟叶的影响分析,为实现生产过程质量均匀化奠定基础,通过ANTARIS II近红外光谱仪采集不同等级的成品烟叶烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、K和CL六种化学成分含量。采用灰熵关联分析方法,分析分为七个步骤:通过对原始数据进行规格化处理;计算出不同等级烟叶的各评价指标相对于最优参考序列、最差参考序列的关联系数;计算不同等级烟叶不同指标关联系数密度分布值;根据每种指标所占的权重计算权重密度分布值;计算灰色关联熵;计算灰色熵关联度;形成不同等级成品烟叶样品的相对关联度,根据灰色熵关联度进行不同等级烟叶的聚类分析。以麒麟复烤厂的23个等级成品烟的六个化学成分为分析对象,最后聚为五个类别,每个类别在六个指标含量上总是最接近的。通过把灰色熵关联方法建立的烟叶聚类模型与传统感官品吸结论进行比较,证实通过灰色熵关联方法建立的烟叶聚类模型与传统品吸结论比较吻合,可以用此方法对选后烟叶进行分析,建立复烤加工配方的参考模型,有利于提高配方的科学性,在均质化生产模型建立上迈进重要的一步。     

不同地理环境贮存条件对卷烟加工质量的影响

为保证兰州、天水两个生产点加工的同一价类牌号卷烟产品实现“均质化”生产的目标，文章对影响生产加工工艺过程的贮存工艺环节进行了试验测试分析研究。通过试验，对不同地理条件下相同温湿度条件下烟叶（丝）贮存后含水率的变化进行了分析研究，结果表明，不同地理条件下，采用相同的贮存条件，烟叶（丝）含水率差异性较大，含水率变化同空气含湿量成正相关。     

卷烟辐照防霉经济可行性分析

卷烟辐照防霉问题,当前是采用委托辐照和自建辐照装置两种不同的辐照方法来解决。对此两种方法,从固定成本、运转成本和收支盈亏等财务核算角度来进行经济可行性对比分析,结果是:前一种方法,仅增加成本0.5％;后一方法,自建加速器或60钴γ辐照源,在保证卷烟辐照防霉下进行综合加工,可三年收回成本。说明此项新技术经济上也是可行的。     

山梨酸和丙酸钙复合保鲜剂对延长苹果保鲜期的研究

目的：本文主要研究了山梨酸和丙酸钙复合保鲜剂对苹果的保鲜效果。方法：经山梨酸和丙酸钙复合液（山梨酸0．039％,丙酸钙0．131％）浸泡处理后的苹果与未经处理的苹果和市面上所用保鲜药液处理过的苹果相对比,在室温254-2℃,湿度为85％-90％条件下贮存,12周后测定其含酸量、可溶性糖含量及呼吸强度变化等指标。结果：苹果中各营养物质分别为：含酸量〉0．8％、可溶性糖含量〉22％、呼吸强度受抑制等,复合保鲜剂对苹果含酸量的下降、可溶性糖含量的下降及呼吸强度均有抑制作用。结论：复合保鲜剂在一定程度上防止了苹果内各种营养物质在贮运以及货架期的损失。     

利用啤酒糟生产食醋

啤酒糖化麦糟,又称啤酒糟,是啤酒厂最大的副产物.啤酒糟的营养价值较高,其营养成分为:蛋白质24%～28%;脂肪:8%～11%;纤维:55%～61%;糖分:1%～3%;灰分:3%～5%.鲜啤酒糟含有9.68%淀粉、10.8%总糖、3.5%的粗蛋白和70%的水分,主要做牛、猪饲料和经除去麦皮、干燥后可制得麦芽蛋白饲料.啤酒糟用于制醋还是一个新途径.笔者选择啤酒糟,配以一定比例的玉米粉,通过双菌种制曲,一方面使鲜啤酒糟替代了部分填充料--稻壳,另一方面,使啤酒糟中的蛋白质得到分解,增加食醋中的氨基氮,提高了食醋的质量.     

解决隧道式叶丝回潮机出口烟丝含水率异常问题

隧道式叶丝回潮机在使用过程中出现烟丝含水率异常增大的主要原因是：隧道式叶丝回潮机的疏水系统能力不足，管道产生的凝结水随蒸汽施加到烟丝上，导致烟丝含水率异常升高，影响烟丝质量。为此，对疏水系统进行改造，缩短蒸汽输送路线，加装排潮罩导流装置，增加疏水控制器，改进疏水流程。改进后应用结果表明，烟丝含水率均值由25．6％降到23．1％，标准偏差由0．56％降到0、2％，避免了不合格烟丝的产生，满足了工艺加工要求。     

Investigating Smoker's Profile: The Role of Psychosocial Characteristics and the Effectiveness of Tobacco Policy Tools

This article investigates smoker's profile by addressing the determinants of cigarette demand and providing a circumstantial exposition of the psychosocial characteristics that differentiate smoking patterns. At the same time, the impact of tobacco control policies on smoking rates and their effectiveness on decreasing cigarette consumption are also analyzed. Consumers are distinguished in four smoking groups in concurrence to smoking status, and dichotomous indicators are constructed to describe tobacco control policies, psychosocial, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. The empirical analysis estimates an ordered probit model with sample selectivity. The results indicate the absence of selectivity bias for cigarette consumption; hence, the subsample of smokers comprises a random independent sample and smoking participation and cigarette consumption form distinct stages of smoking behavior. Most of the psychosocial factors are found to be statistically significant in the econometric analysis, implying the main determinants of smoking behavior. In addition, total smoking bans in workplaces and educational institutions comprise efficient policy tools for decreasing cigarette demand, while partial smoking restrictions are accrued to be ineffective in reducing smoking participation.     

Smoking in the Workplace: Balancing Smoker and Nonsmoker Rights

The tobacco industry presents an interesting American dilemma. While warning against the use of tobacco and striving for a smokeless society the U.S. government subsidizes the growth of tobacco. The economic impact of smoking is, on balance, negative for users, nonusers and society. The federal government does not legislate the use of tobacco but most states and many municipalities have smoking laws. Although such laws vary they normally attempt to protect the rights of both smokers and nonsmokers. Workplace smoking policies also vary but generally focus on applicable laws, health research findings, employee preferences, involvement in policy determination, formalization and communication, and smoking cessation programs.     

我国青少年吸烟现状及控烟策略探讨

目的:探讨我国亲少年吸烟现状和控烟策略。方法:预防和减少青少年吸烟,依赖于政策、法规等的支持;学校、家长和社会应不断对青少年进行反吸烟教育;减少被动吸烟的危害。结果:强化法律作用,为吸烟青少年提供戒烟帮助,提高青少年戒烟率。结论:我国应当加大法律力度,调动全社会力量,为青少年的成长创造良好的控烟环境。     

CONTROL POLICIES TO COMBAT THE HEALTH RISKS FROM SMOKING AND PASSIVE SMOKING1

Good information is necessary for markets to allocate resources efficiently. Tobacco is a demerit good; smoking endangers smokers but also exerts externalities on non‐smokers. Public policies, however, foster misinformation, are contradictory and damage public health. Current policies also deny feedback from the tobacco industry and reduce consumer information about tobacco products that could substantially reduce the harmful effects of smoking.     

The Effectiveness of Anti‐Smoking Legislation: A Review

Abstract.  This survey focuses on government efforts to curb the use of undesirable goods, notably tobacco products. We synthesize the economics literature and examine the effectiveness of government curbs on tobacco consumption through non‐price controls (such as bans on cigarette advertising, health warnings, and workplace smoking bans) and price measures (or higher prices through higher taxes). This literature review is unique in that we do not merely aim to provide a summary of the literature. Rather, our main focus is to draw conclusions from the literature regarding the effectiveness of alternate policy measures across countries in checking smoking and to provide directions/suggestions for extending the scope of government intervention to other tobacco products.     

TOBACCO DISPLAY BANS: A GLOBAL FAILURE

This paper examines the effects of tobacco display bans in four countries: Canada, Iceland, Thailand and Ireland. The empirical evidence suggests that the bans have not been effective at reducing the incidence of smoking. They have, however, succeeded in severely damaging the revenues of the independent retail sector and bolstering the illicit market in tobacco.     

大连地区野菜资源调查及特色品种的评价

大连地区野菜资源丰富,种类多、分布广、数量大,是新食品资源开发的天然宝库。采用市场调查方法,对大连地区市售野菜进行鉴定、分类。同时,对9种特色野菜(荠菜、白花败酱、苦苣菜、薤白、银柴胡、刺嫩芽、蒲公英、蕨、香椿)做了的营养成分测定和评价。结果表明:粗蛋白以刺嫩芽含量最高,粗纤维、脂肪、总糖以蒲公英含量最高,胡萝卜素以蕨菜含量最高,维生素C以白花败酱含量最高。这些结果为大连地区野菜资源的开发利用提供了一定的基础数据。     

PRESCRIPTION FOR CONFLICT: WHY THE ALLIANCE BETWEEN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND THE ANTI‐TOBACCO MOVEMENT IS NOT IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF SMOKERS

Large pharmaceutical companies are major funders of anti‐smoking lobby groups. The same firms manufacture the products used in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and stand to gain when governments recommend this approach to smoking cessation. There is growing evidence, however, that NRT is less effective than ‘cold turkey’ methods, and, indeed, that it has a number of harmful side effects. Its continued promotion, together with counterproductive anti‐smoking measures, raises serious questions about the influence of special interests over tobacco policy.     

食糖质量监测服务平台设计与实现

文章对如何建设食糖质量监测服务平台,利用该平台对制糖企业的产品质量进行在线实时监测,培训检验人员,提供检验业务在线办理、QS市场准入和质量体系建设等咨询服务进行了探讨,并提出了以单点登录技术整合内容管理、质检管理、在线客服、论坛、培训考试等多个应用系统构建统一服务平台的解决方案。