资产管理公司处置不良资产中的法律问题及对策

1999年国务院颁布了<金融资产管理公司条例>,进行了国有商业银行不良资产的剥离与重组,先后成立了信达、长城、华融和东方四家金融资产管理公司,分别接管了四大国有银行剥离的不良资产,有效地降低了国有商业银行的不良资产率,缓解了金融业经营风险,增强了我国金融企业的国际竞争力.但是由于有关资产管理公司的法律体系尚存在较大缺口,因而其在处置不良资产的过程中遇到了大量在我国现行法律法规体系中难以克服的矛盾与问题,从而影响了不良资产的处置效果.鉴于目前资产管理公司处置不良资产主要有债务追偿、债权转股权以及不良资产转让三种方式,本文将针对不同的处置方式分析资产管理公司在此过程中面临的法律问题并提出相应的对策.     

关于金融不良资产评估的思考

一九九九年,四家资产管理公司接受处置从四大国有银行剥离的1.4万亿元不良债权;二○○四年,信达资产管理公司通过竞标方式又接受了中国银行、中国建设银行2787亿元可疑类贷款;二○○五年,长城资产管理公司、东方资产管理公司也通过竞标方式接受了中国工商银行7000亿元可疑类贷款。国务院要求资产管理公司采取债务重组等方式加快处置金融不良资产,其中对一九九九年剥离的1.4万亿不良贷款,要求在2006年底前处置完毕,对单独剥离给信达资产管理公司的2787亿不良贷款,要求在2005年底前处置完毕。六年来,资产管理公司克服种种不利因素,在金融不良…     

对加快不良资产处置的若干思考

金融作为现代经济运行的核心,在市场资源配置、调控经济、国家安全等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.华融、长城、东方、信达四大金融资产管理公司作为非银行金融机构,已成为金融体系的重要组成部分.四大资产管理公司通过几年的运作和实践,以最大限度地减少损失为目标,取得了斐然成绩.据有关部门统计,到2003年一季度末,四家资产管理公司累计处置债权×××亿元,其中回收现金×××亿元,现金回收率为20.82%.这表明,四大资产管理公司以最大限度的保全资产、减少损失为目标,在防范化解金融风险中扮演着重要角色,对国民经济稳健运行起到了积极推动作用.此外,金融资产管理公司在市场资源配置中,大幅度地提升不良资产价值,实现金融资源再配置,通过资产重组、债务重组、债权转让、债转股、拍卖、资产证券化等方式促进地方经济结构和产业结构调整,为支持地方经济发展做出了重要贡献.同时,金融资产管理公司的规范运作和经营的业务范围,也为探索投资银行业务发展做了有益的尝试.     

不良资产处置要注意避免分期付款风险

我国的资产管理公司自1999年成立以来,不良资产处置工作基本过半并取得了阶段性的成果。截至2003年10月,资产管理公司已累计处置不良资产7339亿元,占收购不良资产的51.5%,处置债权资产4977亿元,债权资产处置进度41.9%。初步预计资产管理公司可以在2008年末前处置完毕,其中债权资产可以在2006年末前处置完毕。尽管资产管理公司不良资产处置工作取得了一定成效,但是,随着资产处置向纵深推进,资产处置过程中的一些问题也日益凸显,其中,分期付款项目逾期现象比较突出。一、我国分期付款逾期现象十分严重     

浅谈当前资产管理公司不良资产处置的困难与出路

为迎接加入WTO的机遇与挑战,降低银行不良贷款的比例,1999年,我国政府先后成立了四家金融资产管理公司专职处理不良资产.资产管理公司自成立以来成绩斐然:至2001年末,四家资产管理公司累计接收不良资产近14000亿元,同时实现四家国有商业银行不良贷款率下降9个百分点;2001年四家公司共对1426亿元的资产进行了处置,回收现金261亿元.但这与资产管理公司的组建初衷尚有一定差距.本文试对资产管理公司处置不良资产的困难进行分析,并提出一些对策.     

省级资产管理公司的运营现状及其影响

<正>2012年2月,财政部、银监会联合印发《金融企业不良资产批量转让管理办法》,允许地方政府设立或授权一家省级资产管理或经营公司,参与本省(区、市)范围内不良资产的批量转让工作,采取债务重组方式进行处置,且不得对外转让。上述办法同时还规定,设立或授权的资产管理或经营公司的资质认可条件,由银监会另行制定。但一年多来,该资质认可条件尚未出台。设立省级资产管理或经营公司为各地盘活金融企业不良资产提供了一条有效途径,但同时也将会对地方不良资产处置市场乃至金融体系产生深远的影响。     

资产管理公司不良资产处置影响因素分析

<正>1999年,为处置国有银行不良资产,信达、华融、东方、长城四大资产管理公司(AMC)成立,对口接收建行、工行、中行、农行1.4万亿元不良资产。截至2005年四家AMC共承接了四家国有商业银行近2.5万亿的不良资产。到2006年底,四家AMC的政策性不良资产处置任务已经全面完成。四家AMC累计处置政策性不良资产12102.82亿元,累计回收现金2110亿元。比国家核定目标超收286亿元。资产管理公司在处理我国商业银行不良资产,推进商业银行改革方面做出了积极的贡献。     

不良资产重组中存在的问题及对策

在金融资产管理公司（AMC）处置不良资产的各种手段中，重组是非常重要也是十分常用的一种。除政策性债转股外，AMC还通过修改债务合同、转让债权、转让债务、以物抵债、以股抵债、债权置换、以债权物权或股权出资等方式，对不良资产进行重组。从AMC运作六年来的实践看，不良资产重组可以提高资产回收率；有利于AMC在实现经济目标的同时，实现社会目标，推动国有企业改革；有利于国家调整经济结构和产业升级，合理配置资源；也有利于AMC协调与企业、地方政府的关系，避免因AMC单一“讨债”激化矛盾。     

运用债务重组手段处置金融不良资产的实例研究

债务重组已成为我国的国有资产管理公司处置金融不良资产的重要手段.本文概述了债务重组的定义和方式,探讨了以债务重组手段处置金融不良资产的优势以及风险防控等值得注意的问题,并对一个处置实例进行了具体分析,总结了项目运作的经验,以供参考.     

不良资产集约化处置的若干问题

我国的四家金融资产管理公司经过四年来的大规模资产处置,截至到2003年底,已累计处置不良资产8062亿元(含政策性债转股处置部分),总处置进度为56.8%.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.