会计审计准则趋同：中国与世界成功对接

将2005年称之为中国会计审计准则国际化年恐怕没有多少人表示异议。2005年，中国财政部发布21项会计准则征求意见稿，其中包括1项基本会计准则和20项具体会计准则；2005年，中国注册会计师协会完成35项审计准则的修订工作。如果要用标志性事件来诠释中国会计审计准则国际趋同的话，那么，中国会计准则委员会一国际会计准则理事会发表联合声明和中国审计准则委员会主席——国际审计与鉴证准则理事会主席签署的联合声明可以说是正逢其时，恰如其分。     

革命根据地审计委员会的特点及其启示

革命根据地审计委员会的特点包括:审计委员会隶属最高政权机关或权力机关,审计独立性高;党政军主要领导或一把手担任审计委员会主任;审计委员会践行群众路线;重视对审计委员会的内外部监督。审计委员会的这些特点对当代中国国家审计改革与发展的启示主要有:一是提高审计机关独立性;二是进一步加强党对审计工作的全面领导;三是审计机关要践行群众路线;四是加强对审计机关各种形式的监督。     

我国上市公司治理架构下审计委员会的运行及效用研究

委托代理关系的混淆引发了对审计委员会的需求。本文首先从我国上市公司治理结构对审计委员会的需求出发，探讨了审计委员会产生的理论依据。接着对六年来审计委员会的运行状况进行了数据收集和分析，其中选取江苏省沪市上市公司为样本具体展开，发现了其中若干问题，这些问题一方面是审计委员会本身的，另一方面是其运行环境所加的。最后，就如何提高审计委员会的运作效用这一问题，给出若干建议。     

东北财经大学刘明辉教授简介

刘明辉，经济学博士，教授。现任大连报业集团副社长、大连出版社社长、东北财经大学博士生导师、兼任中国会计学会副秘书长、审计专业委员会副主任委员、财务成本分会副会长兼秘书长、中国审计学会理事中国成本研究会常务理事、中国总会计师协会理事、财政部会计准则委员会咨询专家、中国注册会计师协会审计准则委员会委员、审计准则组成员、全国会计专业技术职称统一考试命题专家组成员、国家自然科学基金通讯评审专家、辽宁省注册会计师协会常务理事、辽宁省审计学会常务理事、学术委员会主任委员、辽宁省会计专业技术职务高级会计师评委…     

CFO兼任审计委员会委员影响财务重述吗？

审计委员会和CFO处于监督和被监督的地位，然而鲜有文献对CFO兼任审计委员会委员的影响进行深入研究。以2010—2020年全部A股上市公司为研究样本，探究CFO兼任审计委员会委员对财务重述的影响。研究发现，CFO兼任审计委员会委员导致了财务重述的增加，但是会计师事务所规模、审计委员会勤勉度以及内部控制可以削弱CFO兼任对财务重述的影响。进一步研究发现，CFO兼任审计委员会委员年限与财务重述正相关，CFO过度自信在这一正相关关系中发挥部分中介效应。     

美国上市公司审计委员会制度的发展及启示

美国在上市公司内部设立审计委员会，通过审计委员会对上市公司管理当局进行有效地监督，从而防止财务信息失真。本文试图在论述美国审计委员会制度发展的基础上，得出一些启示，以促进我国上市公司加强内部控制。 一、审计委员会制度的职责 在知识经济条件下，审计委员会的职责主要是对企业内部控制和风险管理进行监督。为缩小公众与公司管理当局之间的期望差距，提高外部审计人员的独立性，审计委员会的基本任务是帮助董事会在企业的财务报告、公司治理、内部控制等方面履行职责。具体包括：（１）在财务报告方面，一方面主持有关外部审计…     

国际视角：衍生金融工具审计准则比较

通过对美国公众公司会计监督委员会、国际审计与鉴证准则委员会和我国审计委员会制定的关于衍生金融工具的审计准则进行比较研究，对我国衍生金融工具的审计准则完善和有效开展衍生金融工具审计提出了借鉴依据。     

李美俊撰写的审计论文被专家评为软科学成果

最近，在中国生产力学会科学技术生产力专业委员会举办的“科学技术成果生产力转化活动”中，湖北省公安县审计局李美俊同志撰写的《关于如何撰写审计意见的探讨》，被评为软科学技术成果，并由我国著名科学家、评价委员会主任委员于光远亲笔签发了“科学技术成果生产力转化评价证书”。中国生产力学会科学技术生产力专业委员会对其成果应用可行性评价是：“文章就如何撰写《审计意见书》进行了探讨，分析脉络清楚，理由充分，说服力强，作者关于如何规范撰写审计意见书的建议，可操作性强”。对应用效果评价性预测为：“该文值得各地审计机…     

美国公司改革法案对我国审计的启示

目前我国应借鉴美国的公众监督委员会制度,在现行的注册会计师协会监管部门基础上,建立中国公共审计监管委员会,负责对社会审计行盟监管和内部审计的行业规范指引。     

南京审计学院:两教师入选中国审计官

今年7月1日起,李金华将担任联合国审计委员会委员,这是中国人首次当选该职务。根据联合国规定,其组织的外部审计将由联合国审计委员会委员所在国承担。因此,中国也将首次派员对联合国进行审计。     

审计师变更、审计收费与审计委员会效率

本文首先研究了审计委员会与外部审计师变更之间的关系,发现设立审计委员会的公司,外部审计师发生变更的可能性显著降低。表明审计委员会能有效缓解管理层与外部审计师之间就如何运用公认会计原则产生的分歧,并在相互的冲突中向外部审计师提供支持。本文还研究了外部审计师变更时,设立审计委员会与年报审计收费变化之间的关系。无论从变化方向和变化数量的角度,公司设立审计委员会都与审计收费变化显著负相关。这说明外部审计师显著降低了对已设立审计委员会公司的审计收费。这为审计委员会能够改善内部控制环境,降低外部审计的控制风险提供了间接证据。     

审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提

审计委员会中海归成员日益增多,其对审计委员会治理的有效性有何影响值得关注。基于此,以商誉减值计提为切入点,选择2008—2016年间中国资本市场发生商誉事项的A股上市公司为样本,试图通过检验审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提之间的关系来分析审计委员会治理的有效性。研究发现:(1)审计委员会海归背景能够显著促进商誉减值计提程度的提高;(2)盈余管理程度越高,审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用越显著;(3)审计质量弱化了审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用;(4)审计委员会海归背景增加审计费用,且商誉减值计提在这一过程中发挥了中介作用。研究结论丰富了海归人员经济后果领域的相关文献,有助于明晰审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提的影响机理。     

上市公司审计委托关系的重构——加强审计独立性的路径

本文首先分析了我国上市公司现行审计委托模式的缺陷，指出由上市公司直接委托会计师事务所审计的现行审计委托模式容易造成审计独立性缺失。然后结合我国实际，提出实行在中国证监会下设立审计委员会统一管理上市公司财务报表审计的新的审计委托模式。通过重构上市公司审计委托关系，增强注册会计师审计独立性。     

上市公司审计委托模式的重新思考

上市公司欺诈和注册会计师审计失败是目前证券市场关注的热点。注册会计师独立性受阻是审计失败的重要根源,而现行的审计委托模式是造成注册会计师独立性受损的根本原因。本文分析了现行审计委托模式的缺陷,并结合我国实际,提出由中国证监会设立审计委员会统一管理上市公司会计报表审计,替代上市公司委托审计,向上市公司收取审计费用并支付给会计师事务所。通过建立一种新的审计委托模式以提高注册会计师审计独立性。     

Corporate social and environmental disclosure as a sustainable development tool provided by board sub-committees: Do women directors play a relevant moderating role?

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of three audit committee characteristics on corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSR) disclosure: the existence of an audit committee, audit committee independence, and audit committee financial expertise. Moreover, this research analyzes the moderating effect of board gender diversity between these audit committees' attributes and CSR reporting. The results of analyzing 13,178 firm-year observations of non-financial companies show that the presence of an audit committee and audit committee financial expertise are positively associated with CSR disclosure. However, a higher proportion of non-executive directors in audit committees has a negative effect on the disclosure of CSR information. These findings suggest that some audit committees' features play an important role in ensuring the reporting of environmental, social, and economic information. Our evidence also indicates that the presence of female directors on boards increases the positive impact of financial expert membership of audit committees on CSR disclosure, while women directors moderate any negative effect of the percentage of independent directors on audit committees on CSR reporting by increasing the latter. In addition, female directors moderate the positive impact of the existence of an audit committee on the disclosure of CSR information by reducing the latter.     

Audit committees and financial reporting quality: The 8th EU Company Law Directive perspective

In order to increase corporate governance quality, the 8th EU Company Law Directive enacted a mandatory audit committee in publicly listed companies in the EU and defined its tasks and responsibilities. In response to the directive, we examine the incremental value of audit committee monitoring effectiveness and audit committee competencies over the mere existence of an audit committee. We find that audit committee monitoring effectiveness and competencies are positively associated with financial reporting quality, whereas, somewhat surprisingly, the effect of the existence of an audit committee is negative. This finding shows that the existence of audit committees is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for enhancing financial reporting quality. Collectively, the study’s findings suggest that the 8th Directive has had a positive effect on corporate governance quality and, in turn, financial reporting quality in the EU.     

Experience of Audit Committee Members and Audit Quality

Abstract

We investigate whether the experience of audit committee members is associated with audit quality. In order to comprehensively analyse the experience of audit committee members, we include audit committee member tenure, age and multiple-directorships in our analysis. Using observations from 2001 to 2012, we undertake analysis on 13,155 firm-year observations and find that all our proxies of audit committee member experience are positively associated with audit fees. A range of additional tests, including using discretionary accruals as an alternative measure of audit quality and differences-in-differences analysis, support our main findings and our results consequently make a number of contributions to both the literature and policy making. One possible policy contribution is that regulators may wish to consider audit committee characteristics representing experience when framing recommendations to improve audit quality and thereby, financial reporting by firms.     

Audit committee effectiveness and the audit fee

The UK is the only major country within the European Union the majority of whose listed companies have formed audit committees composed of non-executive directors to monitor financial reporting, the external auditors, and internal control strength. The adoption of audit committees in contrast to the approach in Europe has arisen despite the lack of evidence on their effectiveness even in the USA and Canada, where they have been mandatory since the 1970s. This paper seeks to establish whether audit committees are effective in ensuring audit quality by protecting the auditors from fee cuts which might affect audit quality, and signal tighter internal controls which help to reduce audit time and hence audit fees. The problem is that the audit committee may be expected to exert a two-way pressure on audit fees. To the extent that audit committees should enhance audit quality, partly by ensuring that audit hours are not reduced, an audit committee may be expected to increase total audit fees. At the same time, an audit committee may reasonably be thought to be a proxy for internal control strength. Ceteris paribus, companies with strong internal controls may be expected to pay lower audit fees than those with weak internal controls. Our paper argues that the ‘quality’ aspect of the audit can be captured through a dummy firm size variable, whilst the internal control aspects can be captured through dummy risk and complexity variables. The hypotheses examined are that size related audit fees are higher in companies with an audit committee; and that risk- and complexity-related audit fees are lower in companies with audit committees. The hypotheses are tested by developing a regression model for audit fees of a sample of the companies which comprise the FT-SE 500, with variables being included for the presence or absence of an audit committee. The results show that the relationship between size-related audit fees and the presence of an audit committee is positive and statistically significant, but that although there is a negative relationship between risk- and complexity-related audit fees and the presence of an audit committee, the relationships are not conclusively significant. The findings provide support for the contention that audit committees are at least partially effective in preventing reductions in the audit fee to levels where the quality of the audit may be compromised.     

EUROPEAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW

This study contributes to the accounting literature by providing empirical evidence from China that adopting IFRS does not necessarily lead to IFRS-type accounting practices. We examine the impact of regulatory enforcement, in particular, an important Chinese government compulsory compliance policy implemented in 2001, and audit upon the convergence of Chinese accounting practices. Using a sample of 103 Chinese B-share companies between 1999 and 2004, we reveal that the decline in earnings difference between firms' financial statements under Chinese GAAP and IFRS is the result of the implementation of the 2001 policy and the audit committee which effectively control the firm's application of standards rather than the differences between the standards. The effect of audit committee leads us further to argue that the convergence of accounting practices may be affected by not only the lack of insufficient understanding of IFRS by local accounting professionals, but also the management opportunistic behaviour during the application of different standards. It implies that corporate governance may affect the convergence of accounting practice. However, we do not find evidence for international audit firms outperforming their Chinese local CPAs with regard to IFRS compliance. Therefore, the Chinese government should be cautious in promoting the participation of international audit firms in China for achieving IFRS compliance.     

浅析我国上市公司审计委员会有效治理的基础因素

我国上市公司设立审计委员会是为了强化上市公司的公司治理作用,但是收效甚微。原因是多方面的,其中最主要的原因是我国上市公司审计委员会设立和履职都过于形式化,没能找到有效治理的方法。本文致力于讨论审计委员会发挥治理作用的相关基础因素,希望通过对有效治理基础的分析,找出一种解决现阶段审计委员会有效治理问题的方法。