提高耳鼻咽喉科实习效果的几点措施

耳鼻咽喉科作为临床医学中的二级学科,是研究耳、鼻、咽、喉、气管及食管解剖、生理、疾患的临床医学学科。学科内容多、难点多,基础理论难以学习,临床技能难以掌握。传统模式往往是"基础—临床—实践"三段式结构,看似比较合理,但造成了理论和实践的脱节,往往是理论学习时同学们不知所云,到了临床实践又一无所知,最后真正掌握的知识和技能极少,浪费了大量精力,效率低,重复劳动多,最后的结果是失败的。     

The determinants of austerity in the European Union 2010–16

This paper aims at decteting what drove the adoption of austerity policies over the period 2010–16 in a panel of 28 European countries. Austerity is identified by year increases in the ratio between the structural primary balance and potential GDP. By means of principal component factor analysis we select the aggregate factors that might affect austerity, namely (i) fiscal consolidation (correction of high deficits and debts), (ii) market discipline (high sovereign spreads, low ratings), (iii) rule-based fiscal discipline (compliance with the Eurozone rules), and macroeconomic stabilisation (consideration for the cyclical position of the economy). Then we estimate a dynamic panel model with the system-GMM method. Results show that the most important contributions to austerity are provided by the market discipline and fiscal consolidation factors together with Excessive Deficit Procedures, with no significant role played by concomitant macroeconomic conditions. Overall, governments complied with orthodox fiscal principles and rules.     

Solution of a transient state,limited space queueing problem with arrival and departure rates depending on queue length

Summary This paper provides an analysis of a transient state, single channel, limited space queueing problem. The queue discipline is first come first served. The arrival and departure rates depend on queue length. Ample use of Generating Functions andLaplace transforms have been made. A few particular and important cases along with steady state solutions have also been derived.     

Why We Should Leave the ERM

The 'liverpool Six'have called again on the government to leave the Exchange Rate Mechanism and return to monetarism with flexible exchange rates. Our reason is simple. Monetary conditions here have been tightened more than dangerously by the need to support the pound within the ERM, just as in late 1987 and early 1988 they were loosened excessively by the need to hold the pound down in the attempted 'shadow' phase of the ERM. The has repeatedly undermined monetary stability, and has caused first renewed inflation and now severe and protracted recession. It has also tended to produce sterling overvaluation and so chronic balance of payments difficulties; to correct these, recession will need to be prolonged. In the havoc it has wreaked, it risks fuelling demands for a return to the government intervention of he past. As a source of counter inflationary discipline it is therefore flawed. We advocate a return to monetary targeting under floating rates. This would in the short term permit interest rates to fall sharply to stimulate recovery in money supply growth and hence the economy; the exchange rate would fall to a properly valued level, removing the threat to our balance of payments. In the longer term this policy shift would recreate a framework of counter-inflation discipline in which there could still be reasonable domestic responses to cyclical and other UK shocks.     

Factors Influencing a Manager's Decision to Discipline Employees for Refusal to Work with an HIV/AIDS Infected Coworker

This research investigates the influence of gender, fear of AIDS, and the likelihood that a manager will share AIDS-related health information about an HIV/AIDS infected coworker with subordinates on a manager's decision to discipline an employee for refusing to work with the HIV/AIDS infected coworker. Data was obtained using questionnaires administered to 194 managers employed in service, manufacturing, and government organizations. Both fear of AIDS and sharing AIDS-related health information exhibited a significant unique negative relationship with the decision to discipline. No significant unique relationship was found between gender and the decision to discipline. However, gender was found to moderate the relationship between fear of AIDS and the decision to discipline. There was a significant negative relationship between fear of AIDS and the decision to discipline among male but not among female managers. Study findings, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

国企基层纪委执纪审查工作存在的问题及对策

随着国家对反腐倡廉工作越来越重视,对于国有企业基层纪委来说,应当进一步优化和完善执纪审查工作,特别是要严格按照法律法规的要求进行,只有这样,才能使执纪审查工作取得更好的成效。但目前,一些国有企业基层纪委在执纪审查工作方面仍然存在一些不足。论文在探讨国有企业基层纪委执纪审查工作存在的问题的基础上,重点就国有企业基层纪委如何更有效地开展执纪审查工作提出优化对策,旨在为促进国有企业基层纪委执纪审查工作取得更好的成效提供参考与借鉴。     

提高国有企业执纪水平的时代意义和方法

国有企业在发展的过程中,应当严格按照党和国家的要求,持续提升执纪水平,努力为国有企业可持续发展提供保障。从当前国有企业纪委开展执纪工作的整体情况来看,尽管与过去相比有了较大的提升,但仍然有一些国有企业在执纪工作方面缺乏重视,需要认真改进。论文对此进行了研究和探讨,在分析提高国有企业执纪水平的时代意义基础上,重点就如何提高国有企业执纪水平提出有效方法。     

SHIFTING SANDS: NON‐LINEARITY,COMPLEXITY AND RANDOMNESS IN ECONOMICS

Abstract The great crash of 2008 and the associated banking crisis have exposed the increasing irrelevance of much mainstream economics and provoked some economists to re‐examine their discipline. Linear or linearized models with well‐behaved additive stochastic disturbances, based on ‘microeconomic foundations’ are no longer anywhere near adequate. Non‐linearity, complexity and randomness cannot be avoided, and the ideas of the British Emergentists have recently been given a new lease of life. Basing economics on algorithmic foundations provides a means of restoring genuine rigour to economics and, it is hoped, allowing the discipline to respond in a rational and humane way the next time a major crisis looms.     

审计学学科属性、学科体系及学科建设的若干问题探讨

审计现象是审计学科的独特研究对象，审计学科形成了相对独立的理论体系、知识基础和研究方法，因此，它是独立学科；审计学科还未发展到成为学科门类的规模，而现有一级学科都无法容纳它，因此它是独立的一级学科。审计学科具有交叉性质，它与经济学门类、法学门类都有一定的相似性，但是与管理学门类相似性更多，因此应该属于管理学门类。根据审计现象的细分，审计学科的二级学科包括基本审计学、审计技术方法学、政府审计学、内部审计学、民间审计学、军队审计学。相关的政府部门可以通过各种措施来推动审计学科建设，包括学科定位及方向确定，学位点、学科队伍、科学研究、人才培养、学科基地等的建设。     

The introduction of the 5‐year impact factor: does it benefit statistics journals?

In this paper, we investigate the effects of the introduction of 5-year impact factors. We collect impact factor data for all disciplines available in the Journal Citation Reports. For all these categories, we give insights into the relationship between the traditional 2-year impact factor and the new 5-year impact factor. Our main focus is to investigate whether the traditionally low impact factors for statistics journals improve with this new measure. The results show that the statistics discipline indeed benefits from the 5-year window, that is, the impact factor increases. This appears to be true for most disciplines, although the statistics discipline ranks among the top 15 (out of 171) disciplines in this respect.     

发展现代物流与多元化商品学人才的培养

商品学学科的建设与现代物流的发展密不可分。培养多元化的商品学人才是适应现代物流发展要求的。在阐述商品学和物流之间联系的基础上,提出了商品学学科的发展思路,给出了商品学学科建设的基本要求,提出了商品学学科可以在商品检验检测、质量科学和工程、通关管理等方向进行突破。     

How low can U go?

• ? Although there is growing evidence that wage growth is building in response to low and falling unemployment in the advanced economies, there is scope for unemployment rates to fall further without triggering a pay surge.
• ? For a start, current unemployment rates in comparison to past cyclical troughs overstate the tightness of labour markets. Demographic trends associated with the ageing ‘baby boomer’ bulge have pushed down the headline unemployment rate – unemployment rates among older workers are lower than those of younger cohorts. And in a historical context, Europe still has a large pool of involuntary part‐timers.
• ? In addition, rising participation rates mean that demographics are less of a constraint on employment growth than widely assumed. In both 2017 and 2018, had it not been for increased activity rates (mainly for older cohorts), unemployment would have had to fall more sharply to accommodate the same employment increase. We expect rising participation rates to continue to act as a pressure valve for the labour market.
• ? Finally, unemployment rates were generally far lower during the 1950s and 1960s than now. If wages stay low relative to productivity, as was the case during that prior era, employment growth may remain strong, with unemployment falling further. In the post‐war era, low wages were partly a function of a grand bargain in which policy‐makers provided full employment in return for low wage growth.
• ? There is evidence to suggest that many post‐crisis workers have opted for the security of their existing full‐time job and its associated benefits despite lower wage growth, rather than change job and potentially earn more; the rise of the ‘gig economy’ has led some workers to value what they already have more. Put another way, the non‐accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) has fallen. So, the role of labour market tightness in pushing wage growth higher may continue to surprise to the downside.

     

Legal and Ethical Implications of Corporate Social Networks

Corporate social networking sites provide employees and employers with considerable opportunity to share information and become friends. Unfortunately, American and international laws do not directly address social networking site usage. The National Labor Relations Act, civil rights laws, and various common law doctrines such as employment at-will and defamation provide the pattern for future social networking laws. Ethical considerations such as productivity, security, goodwill, privacy, accuracy, and discipline fairness also affect future laws. Corporate policies on corporate social networking should balance the employer’s and employee’s interests. Existing laws and ethical issues associated with social networking should impact social networking policies related to configuration, communication, discipline, and evaluation of policies. Corporate social networking policies should be business-related, ensure user notification of monitoring, maintain adequate records, and provide for reliable, consistent, and impersonal evaluation of monitoring effectiveness.     

试论研究型军医大学学科建设的创新发展——精品学科建设

基于世界一流学科建设理念、国内高校学科建设的激烈竞争和遂行多样化军事卫勤保障任务需求日益迫切的多重背景,阐述了第四军医大学精品学科建设的内涵和思路,介绍了创建国际先进学科的方法和举措,开辟了一条独具特色、极具特质的学科建设新途径。     

Mandatory Retirement Rules and the Retirement Decisions of University Professors in Canada

We examine the impact of mandatory retirement on the retirement decisions of professors in Canada using administrative data. Estimation of a discrete time hazard model indicates that faculty members at universities with mandatory retirement at age 65 have exit rates at age 65 that are around 30 to 38 percentage points higher than those of their counterparts at universities without mandatory retirement. This overall difference in exit rates is found when the sample is restricted by discipline, professional rank and type of university. Similar results are found for both men and women; however, the magnitude of this effect is somewhat smaller for women. Restricting the analysis to include faculty members who received their highest degree at age 34 or older does not affect the magnitude of the difference in exit rates between faculty at universities without mandatory retirement and those at universities with mandatory retirement. The estimated survival probabilities indicate that only 22.7% of faculty members employed at age 64 at universities without mandatory retirement will continue to be employed at the same university at age 72.     

再论会计研究方法的选择——一个关于西瓜拍卖的模型

本文认为，会计研究方法要遵循学科研究规律，并受制于研究本体和研究问题的性质，数据统计研究方法不等于科学研究方法，也不能完全反映科学研究精神，以描述为主的规范研究并不意味着低科学含量、低质量的研究。科学精神高于研究形式并且居于学科研究的前提，研究工具同研究质量和研究效果相关，但并非最终决定因素。研究是有成本的，研究成果作为信息也同样会导致“经济后果”，理性认识研究方法，科学合理的运用研究方法，是包括会计在内的社会科学研究提高研究效率、强化研究效果、最小化研究成本的现实问题。     

改革管理学科实践教学模式 促管理类人才素质提高

为适应当今社会对管理人才实践性的要求,管理学科实践教学现有模式亟待改革。本文提出了实践教学的改革思路和新模式,分析了新模式的优点,有助于培养出高素质、应用型的管理类人才,以适应当今社会需求。     

Exchange rate dynamics and US dollar-denominated sovereign bond prices in emerging markets

Using data on Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the Philippines, Russia and Turkey, our empirical results show that the exchange rates of their currencies have adequate explanatory power in explaining their US dollar-denominated sovereign bonds, particularly in the post-global financial crisis period. We develop a two-factor pricing model with closed-form solutions for the sovereign bonds in which the correlated factors are foreign exchange rates and US risk-free interest rates that follow a double square-root process relevant in the low interest rate environment. The numerical results and associated error analysis show that the model credit spreads can broadly track the market credit spreads.     

The merit of a Canada-US monetary union

Institutions of a monetary union are described. The union leaves unchanged countries’ international competitiveness and national real incomes. Static gains arise from lower interest rates in Canada and Mexico because national monetary and exchange rate instability are eliminated. There will be lower costs of foreign exchange transactions. Dynamic gains arise in the form of greater labor market discipline, better signals about developing comparative advantage and higher economic growth. Traditional criteria for the optimality of monetary union are considered irrelevant because they rely on economic characteristics, which are endogenous to the monetary system in operation.     

Effects of simplicity and discipline on operational flexibility: An empirical reexamination of the rigid flexibility model

This study empirically tests the rigid flexibility model proposed by Collins and Schmenner [Collins, R.S., Schmenner, R.W., 1993. Achieving rigid flexibility: factory focus for the 1990s. European Management Journal 11 (4), 443–447]. It investigates relationships between flexibility performance and adoption of simplicity and discipline programs in manufacturing. The research replicates the study by Collins et al. [Collins, R.S., Cordon, C., Julien, D., 1998. An empirical test of the rigid flexibility model. Journal of Operations Management 16 (2–3), 133–146] with some modifications, including the use of a broader international database, the assessment of both technology and organizational programs, and the testing of the moderating role of dedicated line layout on the relationships between simplicity, discipline and flexibility. Analysis of data from 285 manufacturers of fabricated metal products, machinery, and equipment from 14 countries indicates that simplicity and discipline related positively to performance in product customization, volume flexibility, mix flexibility, and time to market, and that some of these relationships were more positive in high volume processes than in low volume processes. The results provide empirical validation to the rigid flexibility model in an international manufacturing context.