Equity-premium prediction: Attention is all you need

Predictions of stock returns are greatly improved relative to low-dimensional forecasting regressions when the forecasts are based on the estimated factor of large data sets, also known as the diffusion index (DI) model. However, when applied to text data, DI models do not perform well. This paper shows that by simply using text data in a DI model does not improve equity-premium forecasts over the naive historical-average model, but substantial gains are obtained when one selects the most predictive words before computing the factors and allows the dictionary to be updated over time.     

浅议文化词和文化含义词及其翻译方法

语言和文化的关系是辩证统一的,翻译过程中蕴含在语言中的文化因素给译者的工作带来了挑战。文章介绍了文化词和文化含义词的各自定义及区别,并对二者在英汉互译中的处理提出了几种方法。     

Text and metatext in the resource‐based view

This paper distinguishes between text and metatext in the resource‐based view (RBV) – that is, the actual words and logic fundamental to the RBV (the text) and the traditions, interpretations and applications of the theory (the metatext). It argues that Kaufman's ( 2015 ) criticism of the RBV as applied to strategic human resource management actually focuses on RBV metatext and not text. Indeed, unlike some RBV metatext, RBV text actually has a great deal to say about research and practice in strategic human resource management.     

Computer-assisted analysis of public discourse: a case study of the precautionary principle in the US and UK press

Content analysis of newspaper publications has become a major scientific method of the analysis of public discourse. Within the framework of content analysis, we suggest a computer-assisted method to extract the most important topics of this discourse in an objective, quantifiable manner. The method combines frequency and proximity analysis of the text population, selection of the key words, text modification based on a key word dictionary, factor analysis of the modified text population, and factor interpretation. We illustrate the concept by applying the method to study the major topics discussed in the US and UK prestige press that relate to the precautionary principle. Precautionary principle is a concept of preventing environmental damage under scientific uncertainty. The analysis demonstrates the difference between the major topics of the precautionary principle discussion in the US and UK press. In the US, it revolves around an emphasis on the action on global warming, international trade on genetically modified food, environment pollution, the risks of new technologies, and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In the UK, the major discussion topics include threats to agriculture and farmers, climate change economics, national and EU regulations, and commercial fishing. Other discussion topics, such as health and pollution, water safety regulations, meat safety and trade, and GMO regulations are shared between the countries. The US sample demonstrates more negative views towards the precautionary principle, which is presented as a threat to the US economic interests.     

Thematic content analysis using supervised machine learning: An empirical evaluation using German online news

In recent years, two approaches to automatic content analysis have been introduced in the social sciences: semantic network analysis and supervised text classification. We argue that, although less linguistically sophisticated than semantic parsing techniques, statistical machine learning offers many advantages for applied communication research. By using manually coded material for training, supervised classification seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and automatic content analysis. In this paper, we briefly introduce the conceptual foundations of machine learning approaches to text classification and discuss their application in social science research. We then evaluate their potential in an experimental study in which German online news was coded with established thematic categories. Moreover, we investigate whether and how linguistic preprocessing can improve classification quality. Results indicate that supervised text classification is generally robust and reliable for some categories, but may even be useful when it fails.     

AutoCAD实用技巧

从工程实际出发，介绍了在英文ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ中输入汉字、修改汉字文本方法，较好地解决了ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ与中文Ｗｏｒｄ的图形变换，及用打印机输出大幅面纸的问题。     

Contextual content analysis

This article suggests one way to systematically code textual data for research. The approach utilizes computer content analysis to examine patterns of emphasized ideas in text as well as the social context or underlying perspective reflected in the text. A conceptual dictionary is used to organize word meanings. An extensive profile of word meanings is used to characterize and discriminate social contexts. Social contexts are analyzed in relation to four reference dimensions (traditional, practical, emotional and analytic) which are used in the social science literature. The approach is illustrated with five widely varying texts, analyzed with selected comparative data. This approach has been useful in many social science investigations to system-atically score open-ended textual information. Scores can be incorporated into quantitative analysis with other data, used as a guide to qualitative studies, and to help integrate strengths of quantitative and qualitative approaches to research.     

融于过程,精于细节——人力资源管理与情绪管理的新结合

随着情绪管理成为人力资源管理的新内容,从人力资源管理过程中各环节为着眼点,重点对情绪管理在人力资源管理中的运用进行了初步的探讨;并且对组织内影响情绪的因素及情绪管理的方式进行了简要归纳。最后,讨论了将情绪管理融于人力资源管理过程中的必要性及意义,认为有效的情绪管理将成为企业发展的催化剂。     

英语反义词的用法初探

反义聚合的词称为反义词。反义词是指两个意义相反或相对的词。反义词在英语中占有非常重要的位置,它不仅使用在一些固定搭配及谚语中,而且还被大量应用于各种修辞手法中,在表达思想的同时加强了语言的对比,促进了语言的精确性、鲜明性和表情性。小小的反义词反映了人们对大至客观世界小至个人情感的深刻认识。     

A Theory of Socio‐spatial Integration: Problems,Policies and Concepts from a US Perspective

Discussions about socio‐spatial integration in the US have been primarily focused on research into residential segregation. The treatment of these two concepts as opposites has had two consequences. First, most policies for integration have been based solely on concepts of segregation. Second, the intensive criticism directed at integration flows more from those policies than from its conceptual meaning. This article develops a framework for socio‐spatial integration. It does this first by outlining an understanding of segregation and the complexities of its treatment, then by making a distinction between policy applications and the conceptual meaning of integration. This review shows that, rather than suiting a linear approach, socio‐spatial integration can be expressed as a multidimensional relationship that may work independently and at different scales. Socio‐spatial integration is then exposed as the opposite of social exclusion, of which physical proximity between different social groups is just one dimension. Two lines of research are proposed: first, a repositioning of integration as a progressive aspiration and a critique of naturalist conceptions; second, a balancing of the weight of spatial proximity among the different dimensions of integration.     

Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis

A multilevel problem concerns a population with a hierarchical structure. A sample from such a population can be described as a multistage sample. First, a sample of higher level units is drawn (e.g. schools or organizations), and next a sample of the sub‐units from the available units (e.g. pupils in schools or employees in organizations). In such samples, the individual observations are in general not completely independent. Multilevel analysis software accounts for this dependence and in recent years these programs have been widely accepted. Two problems that occur in the practice of multilevel modeling will be discussed. The first problem is the choice of the sample sizes at the different levels. What are sufficient sample sizes for accurate estimation? The second problem is the normality assumption of the level‐2 error distribution. When one wants to conduct tests of significance, the errors need to be normally distributed. What happens when this is not the case? In this paper, simulation studies are used to answer both questions. With respect to the first question, the results show that a small sample size at level two (meaning a sample of 50 or less) leads to biased estimates of the second‐level standard errors. The answer to the second question is that only the standard errors for the random effects at the second level are highly inaccurate if the distributional assumptions concerning the level‐2 errors are not fulfilled. Robust standard errors turn out to be more reliable than the asymptotic standard errors based on maximum likelihood.     

INTERACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF A RESPONSIVE PUBLIC SPACE: CASE STUDY IN IRAN

A place is generally identified by its varying physical, activity, social and meaning (connotative) characteristics. In this paper, the "Model of Responsive Public Space" is defined by these four aspects and each of them has its own special indicators as shown in previous studies on this subject. To examine this model and evaluate the interactions between these dimensions, experimental studies were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, open-ended structured interviews were carried out with 70 participants to adjust the model with personal opinions about public spaces in Qazvin city, Iran. In the second stage a questionnaire was used to explore the effect of the four dimensions on each other. 598 users of a selected public space participated in this study. The results were analyzed by SPSS software applying a Pearson correlation test and Excel software. These results indicate that not only in theory but also in practice, public spaces have four distinct aspects that must be taken into consideration when creating a responsive public space. The most significance correlation is that between the meaning and the social dimension of public spaces.     

Testing alternative models of human resource policy effects on trade union recognition in the Republic of Ireland

This paper tests two alternative models of human resource policy effects on the incidence of union non-recognition in a sample of over 150 organizations in the Republic of Ireland. A series of scales of human resource policy sophistication is developed, guided by the broad body of theory in the area of HRM. A conceptual model linking HRM policies to union recognition/non-recognition is also elaborated. Two alternative theoretical models of HRM policy effects are developed and estimated using logistic regression. The first of these models, the 'simple additive model', tests for the discrete effects of various areas of human resource policy on the incidence of union non-recognition. Only the management of reward systems along HRM lines is significantly associated with the incidence of non-recognition. A second model, called the 'threshold-fit model' tests for a decisive overall HRM effect on union non-recognition in organizations which implement relatively sophisticated and internally consistent sets of HRM policies. A series of policy cross-dependencies or interaction effects is also allowed for in this model. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical literature, no empirical support is found that such HRM policy combinations prove particularly impenetrable to trade unions. Line management dominance of HRM policy is found to be a significant factor in predicting non-recognition. The possibility that this factor is indicative of sophisticated human resource management is however discounted. The apparent failure of most areas of human resource policy to depress the likelihood of union recognition in Ireland is accounted for in terms of the wider framework and traditions of industrial relations practice in that country.     

试析加强(修理)“三基”建设与提高服务水平的对策

"三基"建设与服务水平是企业尤其是维修企业发展的战略目标。前者是硬件基础,后者是软件保障,企业要发展就必须要两手抓,并且两手都要硬。本文就结合修理分公司目前的发展状况,试析加强"三基"建设与提高服务水平的对策。     

Analysing neighbourhood influence in criminology

Neighbourhood influence in criminology can be conceptualised both as pertaining to the influence of characteristics of a neighbourhood on its inhabitants, and to the mutual influence of characteristics of adjacent neighbourhoods on each other. The first conceptualisation asks for multilevel analysis, the second one for one of several spatial dependency (spatial autocorrelation) methods. Various models in both traditions are discussed and illustrated with data on victimisation and on burglary.     

从合作原则角度分析家庭会话含义

格莱斯所提出的合作原则和会话含义对实现会话目的起着至关重要的作用。文章以日常生活中观察和总结的家庭会话为语料,对违反合作原则的某项准则推导出的会话含义作了分析。通过分析,展现出了传统中国家庭中的三种特殊的人际关系。     

Toggling with Taylor: A Different Approach to Reading a Management Text*

ABSTRACT This paper identifies influential, but previously unrecognized, subtexts in the writings of Frederick Winslow Taylor. Working with analytical methods developed from reader‐response theories of literary criticism, we look at the words of the text as we share the standard meaning‐making of the management community, as well as through the words of the text searching out the worldview that emerges from our particular reading of the subtext. We have described our approach to reading as ‘toggling’: that is, switching between reading text ‘rhetorically’ and reading it ‘philosophically’. We conclude that reader identification with textual voices may appear in philosophical as well as rhetorical reading outcomes – that Taylor's text may inveigle readers into accepting a moral worldview wrapped up in a seemingly rational argument – and that ‘toggling’ would empower management theory readers.     

浅析培根《论学习》中的语篇衔接手段及其功能

衔接是篇章语言学的重要术语之一,对语篇构成及解读起重要作用。韩礼德和哈桑将篇章衔接手段划分为语法手段和词汇手段。本文从系统功能语言学的理论角度出发,分析培根的《论学习》一文中所出现的语篇衔接手段,探讨这些衔接手段的衔接功能及它们对表达作者写作意图的作用。     

Artificial intelligence and content analysis

Content analysis is a very tedious method of data collection. This paper addresses once more the question of whether and how computers may be used to facilitate content analysis in the coding stage. To interpret natural language automatically a computer program must be able to unravel the syntactical structure of sentences (‘parsing’) and to trace their semantical meaning by dealing with textual context (= ‘co-text’), prior knowledge (context outside the text) and semantic variability (different or ambiguous meanings of words and phrases). Several approaches to enable computer programs to perform these tasks are discussed, including approaches from the fields of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. The conclusion should be that it is still impossible to enable computer programs to perform all these tasks. But there are possibilities for using computer programs to support human coders both in the coding stage and the data-analysis stage of content analysis. As an example the program CETA to perform Computer-aided Evaluative Textual Analysis is discussed.