负债融资与公司治理

一、理论基础 在市场经济条件下的企业中,债务和股权不仅仅应被看作是不同的融资工具,而且还应该被看作为不同的治理结构(Williamson,1988)。从融资的特点看,基本上可以分属于股权主导型和债权主导型两种模式。股份有限公司以及公共证券市场的迅速发展,决定了英美国家的股东主权加竞争性资本市场的治理模式,而另一类以德国和日本为代表的银行导向型的公司治理模式则明显地与债权性融资的特点有关。     

公司融资影响因素的实证研究

资本结构影响着公司的融资成本和市场价值并且直接影响着公司的治理结构,本文通过理论分析和实证研究的方式,对可能影响公司融资选择因素的实际作用效果进行了实证检验。研究发现,公司的负债比率与盈利能力和非负债税盾负相关,而与成长机会、资产抵押价值、公司规模、所有权结构和短期负债效果正相关。这一结果与经典的资本结构理论是大致符合的。     

关于我国上市公司债务融资与公司治理关系的思考

公司的资本结构是公司治理的基础,而债务融资又是资本结构的一个重要组成部分周此,研究债务融资,不仅有利于完善公司治理,而且有利于提高公司绩效,负债融资和公司治理存在互动关系,两者均会对企业价值产生影响。     

上市公司治理结构实证研究——以沪市部分*ST公司为例

融资结构、资本结构与公司治理是三个紧密相关的范畴.本文通过分析2005年我国*ST上市公司的融资结构和资本结构,揭示当前上市公司存在的治理弊病,提出改善企业融资结构从而改变资本结构作为提高公司治理效率的突破.     

中国金融结构的特征及其对企业自主创新的制约

中国的金融结构基本上还是一种以间接融资和银行体系为主、直接融资和资本市场为辅的银行主导型金融结构。这种金融结构在融资功能、风险管理功能、信息提供与处理功能、公司治理功能上的缺陷严重制约了企业自主创新的进行。为了更好地支持企业自主创新,中国需要更加多元化的金融结构和更高的金融总体发展水平。     

日本企业负债融资方式变化对我国金融深化改革的启示

银行贷款和公司债券是企业两大基本的负债融资渠道,负债融资渠道选择及负债融资结构决策是企业微观财务管理的重要内容,同时从宏观层面看,一国企业的负债融资结构与一国的金融市场结构直接相关,而且可能直接影响到一国的金融风险水平.本文分析了20世纪80年代以来金融自由化背景下日本企业负债融资方式的变化及其影响,以期为我国当前的金融深化改革提供经验借鉴.     

国有企业资本结构与银行治理

随着我国现代企业制度的建立与股份制改造的深化,许多原来没有涉及的问题暴露了出来,其中重要的问题是公司治理结构。本文将从分析我国公司的资本结构入手,提出可行的公司治理结构建议。一、股份公司的资本结构特点比较公司的组建、生存与发展,需要投入、保持一定的资金为前提,而资金的构成从大的来源看不外乎负债与资本两大类,所有的负债与资本构成了公司的资产负债表。从更具体的方面讲,负债又可以分为短期负债和长期负债,体现为银行贷款、拆借、发行债券等等;资本构成为发行的普通股,以上资本与负债的具体分布结构就构成了一个公司的资本结构或融资结构。任何公司,不存在以百分之百的自有资本经营,或存在以     

日本企业负债融资方式变化及对我国金融改革的启示

银行贷款和公司债券是企业两大基本的负债融资渠道,负债融资渠道选择及负债融资结构决策是企业微观财务管理的重要内容,同时从宏观层面看,一国企业的负债融资结构与一国的金融市场结构直接相关,而且可能直接影响到一国的金融风险水平。本文分析了20世纪80年代以来,金融自由化背景下日本企业负债融资方式的变化及其影响,以此为我国当前的金融深化改革提供经验借鉴。     

公司治理的我国上市公司资本结构研究

企业的生存和发展离不开资本，资本筹集是企业生产经营正常运行的关键环节。资本的筹集不仅满足了企业生存和发展的需要，它还体现了资本所有者与企业经营者之间、资本所有者与企业之间以及不同资本所有者之间的关系。这种关系直接构成了公司治理的核心内容，即企业的资本筹集与公司治理之间有着天然的联系。不同的融资结构决定了不同的公司治理模式及其效率，融资结构的变化会直接导致公司治理的变化。本文仅从融资结构的一部分——资本结构与公司治理之间的关联性入手，分析我国上市公司资本结构的现状，并自此基础上提出相应的对策。     

发达国家商业银行公司治理的比较分析

公司治理是商业银行绩效的重要影响因素。由于经济、社会和文化等方面的差异以及历史演进轨迹的不同,不同国家和地区商业银行的公司治理结构是有差异的。从世界范围来看．各国商业银行公司治理大致可以分为两种类型,即以美英为代表的市场主导型和以德日为代表的内部控制型。本文以美国、德国、日本等国商业银行为例．比较分析国际商业银行的公司治理．并对改进中国商业银行的公司治理提出政策建议。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.