基于无助理论的残疾人旅游障碍与旅游参与意图关系研究——结构方程式模型的应用

残疾人是社会的重要组成部分,残疾人旅游市场是我国一块有待开发的处女地,开发残疾人旅游市场有利于完善我国的旅游市场。本研究以残疾人为调查对象,利用无助理论对其旅游障碍、旅游参与意图等进行了实证分析。通过结构方式模型发现:残疾人的旅游障碍因子有3项(本能障碍、交流障碍、环境障碍);旅游障碍因子与旅游参与意图之间无直接显著性影响;残疾人旅游障碍因子中除了交流障碍因子外,本能障碍、环境障碍对无助感有正(+)的显著性影响;无助感对旅游参与意图间有反(-)的显著性影响。最后,在分析本研究结论的基础上提出了本研究的不足和未来的研究方向。     

A Study on the Travel Patterns of Physically Disabled People

The main objective of this paper is to highlight the travel patterns and experiences of people with a physical disability. To understand better the travel needs of people with a physical disability, it is useful to examine how travel patterns differ across demographic variables. The method chosen for the empirical data collection was a self-completed web-based questionnaire, which was answered by a total of 596 physically disabled people. The data obtained were evaluated using frequency, percentage, arithmetic average, t-test, chi-square and factor analysis. The research findings reveal that people with physical disability in different demographics groups differ in their travel patterns.     

境外残障旅游与无障碍旅游研究进展与启示

文章围绕残障与旅游、残障旅游市场需求、残障旅游市场供给和无障碍旅游4大研究主题8个研究细类,梳理残障旅游境外研究状况。境外研究总体态势是以残障群体旅游需求为研究重点,围绕残障群体的旅游特点、动机、需求、偏好、决策、体验和出行障碍作诸多有益探索;同时基于残障群体的旅游需求特性,从旅行社、航空运输、住宿、景区4大旅游产业角度,针对性研究解决残障人群出行和旅游参与障碍、提供合理旅游产品和服务的思路和方法。文章最后评述了境外研究的思路、方法与不足,并从研究方法、研究团队构成和近期可以开展的研究领域对国内学者提出建议。     

Leisure motivation of people with physical and visual disabilities in Ghana

Leisure motivation is central to the provision of leisure services especially to marginalised groups such as disabled people who may have different interests from non-disabled people. Using cross-sectional data from 536 people with physical and visual disabilities, this study assessed the leisure motivations of disabled people in Ghana. The findings suggest that the motivations of people with visual and physical disabilities were fourfold, namely competence mastery, social, intellectual, and stimulus avoidance. The influence of social motivation varied across marital status and household size, while stimulus avoidance varied by type of disability, sex, and employment status. Competence mastery and intellectual motivation varied across sex and income levels. It was concluded that the leisure motivations of disabled people in this study are based on their personal circumstances; they are heterogeneous. The study recommends that research on leisure motivation should be conducted with reference to specific context and interpreted in relation to the individual’s circumstances.     

Identifying mobility service needs for disabled air passengers

One outcome of air transportation deregulation policies worldwide is the growing number of passengers, including people with a disability. Because social equality is recognized as a worthwhile objective, providing an environment at both the airport terminal and on-board aircraft that eases travel for those with various impairments is an objective airlines and airport authorities increasingly view as important, and which they monitor. In order to understand the disabled traveler’s wants and needs, this paper applied importance-performance analysis (IPA) to examine the perception of, and satisfaction with, air transportation services. Data from a sample of 130 respondents with lower extremity function impairment is presented in this research. The results show the service needs are different across three levels of disability categorized as minor, moderate, and severe.     

Study on the Utilization of Restaurant Services by the Disabled and their Demand for Better Access in Korea

This study is on disabled peoples' utilization of and demands for better access to restaurants, which are a social and cultural activity. A survey was conducted on 172 physically or mentally challenged persons regarding their utilization of restaurants, criteria for choosing a restaurant, inconveniences while visiting restaurants and requests for improvements. For dining to be more accessible to the disabled, mobility within restaurants, accessibility to restaurants and improvements in their facilities are urgently needed. A change in attitude by the people in the restaurant industry and encouragement at the government level are also needed.     

Evaluation of Hotels to Accommodate Disabled Visitors

ABSTRACT

The study presents an initial investigation result of the disabled consumer group. The research aims to highlight deficiencies in existing provision and helps hoteliers to understand best practices for disabled guests and makes suggestions for implementation. The research studies the five star hotels in Cairo. While disability covers a wide range of quite different impairments, the study concentrates on wheelchair users. The findings of the research will help hoteliers to maximize business from this valuable market, develop best practices through a greater understanding of disabled people, and implement policies and strategies to attract the market. By providing the right facilities and services with appropriate communications, hotels can inform and encourage the disabled to use the facilities and services that were developed for them.     

旅游景观的嬗变与视觉范式的转向

当代旅游景观有一种从“冷媒介型景观”向“热媒介型景观”转变的趋向，即负载信息越来越多而要求人们深入理解却越来越少。引起景现形式变化的原因并不是简单的企业自主行为，根本上是由于当代人观看需求的变化，由于人们视觉范式发生了明显的转向。这种转向具体表现在视觉关注结构上从重内容向重形式，视觉行为形态上由理性静观向感性动观，视觉审美品位上由追求意象美向冲击美的转变三个方面。引起人们视觉范式转变的时代背景则是：西方文化产业的影响、消费社会带来的景观商品化和后现代主义对感官美学的推崇。     

北京五类人群休闲方式的比较与分析

随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对于休闲活动的需求也越来越大,也越来越重视休闲在自己生活中的地位.本文通过对北京五类人群的调查与研究来了解北京不同阶层人群的休闲方式的不同之处,以及他们选择休闲方式的决定因素和制约因素,从而揭示休闲在人们生活中的重要地位,倡导不同阶层人群选择健康与积极的休闲方式.     

Perceived Onboard Service Needs of Passengers with Mobility Limitations: An Investigation among Flight Attendants

The purpose of this study is to explore flight attendants' perceptions of the in-flight service needs of passengers with mobility impairments. In addition, this study seeks out flight attendants' recommendations for improving services to passengers with mobility impairments. The existing literature draws attention to the service needs of passengers with disabilities from the customers' perspectives. However, this study aims to understand these service needs from the service provider's perspective. Participants of the study are flight attendants who have extensive in-flight service experience and have served passengers with disabilities. The study finds four types of in-flight needs from people with mobility impairments: (1) the need for help in using in-flight amenities, (2) the need to be treated the same as passengers without any disabilities, (3) the need for individualized services, and (4) the need for effective communication and accurate information. To address these needs, flight attendants suggest that airline managers should provide adequate flight information for people with disabilities and sufficient training to front line airline and airport employees.     

Accommodating the needs of disabled hotel guests: Implications for guests and management

The purpose of this study are two-fold: (1) to identify disabled guests’ perceptions of their hotel experiences, and (2) to identify the feasibility of implementing disabled guests’ suggestions in hotel design and service policies. Interviews were conducted with leaders of national organizations serving disabled persons and hotel executives. The responses from guests with mobility impairments offered the most suggestions and the greatest need for special accommodations. The mobility disability segment echo those from the hearing and visual impairments segments, with all respondents indicating a need for better staff sensitivity training. Easily implemented suggestions were made for hotel managers to consider when attracting and accommodating guests with disabilities. If adopted by the industry, the recommendations will help hotel operators improve the hotel experiences of guests with disabilities.     

网络时代听力有障碍年轻群体娱乐休闲研究

随着我国休闲产业的蓬勃发展,娱乐休闲活动越来越多,但是,能够提供给残疾人的娱乐休闲活动则很少.而这一弱势群体的娱乐休闲需求长期得不到满足会直接影响其身心健康.文章选取听力有障碍年轻群体为研究对象,以这个弱势群体的沟通方式与沟通障碍、娱乐休闲对他们的作用以及网络对听力有障碍年轻群体娱乐活动的影响作为研究内容,以问卷调查、访谈和QQ聊天为手段,对北京第四聋哑学校和北京联合大学特殊教育学院的100名听力有障碍学生进行了调研.在对调研结果统计分析的基础上,依据深度休闲理论,提出针对这一弱势群体的网络娱乐和网络学习的解决方案,希望能够在满足他们娱乐休闲需求的同时,使其获得更多的就业机会.     

Community in a recreational setting

Abstract

The loss of community and of traditional communal ties characteristic of modern industrial society has caused many people to search for alternative sources of social identification and solidarity. Recreational sites may afford some people opportunities for constructing communities on the basis of common interests. As part of an ongoing investigation, data have been gathered over several years to discover whether elements of community can be found in a marina's social system; evidence is being sought through examination of patterns of social interaction, the system of social ranking, and ties of affection that characterize the marina's social network. Data reveal a social organization at the marina comprising subgroups with complex interaction patterns, affective ties, and communal solidarity. It appears, therefore, that at this recreational site the structure and dynamics of an alternative form of community have been constructed by boaters.     

Basic psychological need satisfaction and affect within the leisure sphere

Research on leisure and well-being in non-Western contexts is rare. Our study addresses this issue by investigating whether satisfaction of three basic psychological needs – autonomy, competence and/or relatedness – influences four types of affective well-being – high-arousal positive (HAP) affect, low-arousal positive (LAP) affect, high-arousal negative (HAN) affect and/or low-arousal negative (LAN) affect – within the leisure sphere. Telephone survey data were collected from 583 Hong Kong Chinese employees. Structural equation modelling indicated that (1) autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction were all significantly and positively correlated with HAP affect; (2) autonomy need satisfaction alone was significantly and positively related with LAP affect; and (3) autonomy need satisfaction alone was significantly and negatively associated with both LAN and HAN affects. Taken together, these results suggest that fulfilment of basic psychological needs, especially the need for autonomy, contributes to people’s overall affective well-being, within the leisure sphere. We discuss our findings in terms of two frameworks: basic psychological needs theory and the DRAMMA leisure model. We also explicate the practical implications of our study and provide future research recommendations.     

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism

The objective of this study was to understand work motivation in a sample of seasonal workers at a tourism destination strongly steered by seasonality. Furthermore, it was investigated whether seasonal workers could be divided into worker subgroups on the basis of their work motivation. A structural equations model tested Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation empirically. The findings of the study support the Two-Factor Theory of work motivation. Furthermore, results indicated that a migrant community of workers was significantly less concerned about wage level as well as significantly more concerned about meeting new people than resident workers. As a result of these findings, it is suggested that management of businesses in hospitality and tourism need to consider that the seasonal workforce consists of different kinds of worker subgroups, which have different needs to be satisfied.     

Traveling with a disability: More than an Access Issue

People with disabilities have the same needs and desires for tourism as others. However, travel in a context designed primarily for people without disabilities poses unique challenges. A qualitative study was conducted employing indepth interviews and focus groups to explore the tourism experiences of individuals with mobility or visual impairments. The results revealed that they experience five different stages in the process of becoming travel active: personal, re-connection, tourism analysis, physical journey, and experimentation and reflection. Better understanding of these stages will facilitate more awareness of the tourism needs of people with disabilities.     

Ethics, trust and expectations regarding the treatment of disabled staff within a tourism/hospitality industry context

Whilst it has long been recognized that disabled employees can be the recipients of discrimination in the workplace, occasioned by many factors including physical appearance, relatively little is known regarding the ethical conceptualizations, trust responses and also problem-solving architecture that potential employees bring to such contexts, particularly in service industries such as tourism/hospitality. This study has examined discrimination shown to a disabled hospitality industry employee within an ethical framework, investigating personal ethical beliefs, individual ethical influences upon behaviour and also perceived management problem-solving response influences in the face of disability discrimination. The study has been conducted among a sample of university management students in a major Australian tourism destination, many of whom on graduation would seek employment within the tourism/hospitality industry.Three personal ethical belief types were identified: equity or procedural justice, competence and integrity, with both competence and integrity ethics being regarded as of higher value than equity. Major individual ethical influences included one's own values and also those of the ambient society; the most highly rated perceived management response involved the protection of company image whereas the least expected involved a management perspective focusing on justice of all people involved in the ethical dilemma.The competence ethical belief was found to predict the individual who would be influenced by a legal perspective; the justice for all management perspective was employed as a measure of respondent trust in management, with analyses revealing that the competence ethical belief, the career and societal influences and also gender being found associated with lower levels of trust in management's willingness to respond to disability discrimination in a just manner. The protection of company image as a management response, employed as a measure of mistrust, was associated with integrity personal ethical values, and also with career, societal and own ethical influences upon responses to an incident of disability discrimination. Implications for future research in this domain together with implications for the tourism/hospitality industry are examined.     

Case study: Destination readiness for dementia-friendly visitor experiences: A scoping study

Ageing and dementia are major societal challenges affecting many countries, with around 46.8 million people worldwide estimated to be living with dementia. These estimates suggest that the worldwide population of people living with dementia will double every 20 years to reach 131.5 million by 2050. Recognition that dementia is a significant challenge for the travel and tourism sector is starting to develop. This paper contributes to this emerging agenda on ageing and dementia focusing on the accessibility needs of this group through a two-stage research study that demonstrates the practical needs and leadership challenges this poses for the tourism sector. Using the UK as an exemplar of dementia-readiness, the study examines Destination Management Organisation (DMO) website provision of advice for people with dementia and their carers. It then reports the findings of a survey DMO managers attitudes towards creating dementia-friendly destinations.     

Using a Choice Experiment (CE) to Value the Attributes of Cruise Tourism

Recently, cruise tourism has drawn public interest in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we attempt to analyze people’s preferences regarding the attributes of cruise tourism, such as duration, accommodation, services, and cost. Thus, we applied a choice experiment (CE) to measure the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for each attribute. The results show that the coefficients of the attributes of onboard activities are positive and statistically significant. MWTPs for increasing the cabin level from an inside to an ocean view and for increasing the level of onboard services from 4-star to 6-star are South Korean Won (KRW) 1,095,760 (USD 954.8) and KRW 671,264 (USD 584.9) respectively. Comparison of all the MWTP estimates indicates that people prefer onboard activities rather than visiting foreign ports of call above all other attributes. This study is expected to provide tourism managers with useful information for designing cruise tourism products that meet travelers’ needs.     

Perceptions of the Spa Industry: An Importance Performance Analysis

This article examines factors influencing the behavior of foreign customers who use spa services in Koh Samui, Thailand. Specifically, it considers the relationship between customer expectations and the fulfillment of those expectations within two foreign visitor target groups—holiday-takers and business people—as a way to gauge the performance of spas on Koh Samui. Results support the contention that the spa industry on the island needs to improve in a number of ways and stakeholders tasked with developing the industry are well-advised to consider the expectations of both groups rather than treating the two as homogenous.