企业漂绿行为的地区同群效应--来自中国工业上市公司的经验证据

利用中国沪深A股工业上市公司样本,从地区同群效应的视角,研究企业漂绿行为的传染效应。研究结果表明我国企业的漂绿行为在同一区域内存在显著的同群效应,目标企业的漂绿程度与同区域其他企业漂绿程度显著正相关。通过对地区同群效应产生的潜在机制进行考察,发现企业漂绿地区同群效应主要是由社会学习机制和竞争性模仿机制驱动的,进一步对漂绿同群效应治理机制的检验结果表明,政府环境监管力度的加强与媒体关注度的提高均能对企业漂绿地区同群效应起到一定的威慑和阻断作用,二者的协同配合能够实现更好的治理效果。     

企业绿色漂洗研究评述与展望

中国环境保护已进入全面、深入的治理阶段，但是企业绿色漂洗（漂绿）给环境规制带来了严峻的挑战。漂绿由最初的绿色营销手段正逐渐演变为企业的选择性信息披露策略，漂绿问题引起了国内外学者的广泛关注，成为环境治理的热点研究问题。系统地回顾了自漂绿概念缘起至今国内外研究进展，试图从多角度梳理以下问题：何为漂绿，企业漂绿动因、表现形式、衡量体系及漂绿的效应与影响。在评述既往研究的基础上，提出未来的研究方向。     

公共危机协同治理的路径构建研究

公共危机的协同治理要求政府、企业、非营利社会组织以及公民个人等治理主体通力合作,相互影响,协同促进,共担风险,从而更好地治理公共危机。结合实际分析发现在这个体系中仍存在观念落后、结构畸形和机制欠缺的一系列问题。因此要构建新型协同治理理念,需要注重构建合理的协同治理结构,并且构建完善的协同治理机制。从而使协同治理体系步步完善,发挥更加优秀的效果。     

公共服务治理体系与治理能力:一个理论分析框架

公共服务治理体系与治理能力是国家治理体系与治理能力的重要内容。基于国家、政府、市场、社会的治理视野,促进公共服务在新型城镇化进程中的治理体系完善和治理能力提升,需以公共服务基本理论分析、基本公共服务实现全覆盖、治理主体多元协同供给、一体化机制与制度为主体框架,以"基本公共服务均等化""城乡公共服务一体化"和"公共服务水平动态提升的供需均衡机制"为治理目标,以期从本土化特色理论构建、公共服务治理实践经验总结、公共服务价值内涵贯穿及合理确定公共服务治理的基本范畴和制度安排等方面探索实施路径。     

“漂绿”问题曝光对企业的影响及解决问题的途径

<正>一、前言“绿水青山就是金山银山。”在国家转变经济发展方式的当下，政府和社会关注绿色低碳的可持续发展方式，绿色发展成为时下热点。一些企业为了获得一己私利，没有履行保护环境的主体责任，却想通过虚假的信息披露，即“漂绿”的方式博取社会好感以及逃避监管。“漂绿”行为会给企业带来严重的影响，     

多中心治理视阈下赣江新区跨区域环境治理困境和协同机制探析

作为横跨南昌市和九江市的赣江新区,其存在产业结构发展不平衡、环境治理投入支出不足、属地主义的行政区划分割和生态治理主体单一等问题。本文根据多中心治理理论,构建政府、企业和社会民众及其组织的多中心环境治理体系,并在描述各主体协同治理困境的基础上,构建流域主管部门和流域相关的企业和社会组织等多元主体合作的跨区域流域综合管理(IRBM)模式,从而研究赣江新区政府、企业和社会民众及其组织之间的协同路径。其目的是为相关决策者提供进行产业升级、构建协同化的"河长制"、建立各治理主体之间的保障制度和成本与收益的共担共享制度等方面的政策建议。     

平台依附型企业如何摆脱创新惰性？行动者网络视角下的组态研究

平台治理的重要功能在于确保依附于平台的中小企业保持足够的创新能力,以不断强化平台竞争力并推进平台健康有序发展。本研究基于平台依附型企业的视角,以行动者网络理论为基础,结合当前平台多元主体的典型交互特征以及非人类行动者的典型平台治理工具,提炼出化解平台依附型企业创新惰性的分析框架。通过模糊集定性比较分析,揭示导致平台依附型企业探索式创新绩效差异的条件组态和驱动机制。通过将平台多元主体的互动模式与平台治理工具进行优化匹配,能够有效激发中小企业的创新能力,进而摆脱创新惰性。本研究不仅能够解释平台生态健康发展的复杂互动本质,还有助于发展平台生态情景中的行动者网络理论,为推动平台持续健康发展提供新的经验佐证和实践参照。     

跨领域规则互动与全球治理有效性

跨领域规则互动是全球治理体系的重要特征，全球治理不同领域的核心国际规则之间密切关联，在特定议题上存在互动，对全球治理的有效性产生了重要影响。根据不同领域规则对同一议题的目标一致性和内容一致性程度，跨领域规则互动可分为协同型、协商型、竞争型和冲突型四类。在测量全球治理的有效性即输出、行为和结果方面，不同类型的跨领域规则互动对特定问题的全球治理有效性产生了不同影响，由此形成一个跨领域规则互动影响全球治理有效性的分析框架。根据该框架对生物多样性保护、药品可及性、气候友好技术转让和转基因产品贸易四个典型案例进行经验分析，可以得出如下一般性结论：协同型互动是构建全球治理有机体系、提升全球治理有效性的最佳规则互动方式，协商型、竞争型和冲突型互动对全球治理有效性的正面作用总体上依次减弱；协同型跨领域规则互动在全球治理体系中并不多见，竞争型和冲突型互动较为普遍。这就指明了全球治理体系变革和全球治理有效性提升的一条重要路径，即构建跨领域协同互动的全球治理规则体系。然而，跨领域规则互动对全球治理有效性的影响并非线性和因果性的，作者尝试对复杂的经验现实进行系统梳理，剖析规则互动影响治理有效性的复杂机制，期冀...     

城市轨道交通产业协同创新投机行为治理研究——基于复杂网络博弈的仿真分析

为了探索城市轨道交通产业协同创新过程中投机行为的微观决策所导致的宏观涌现现象,采用复杂网络演化博弈,将城市轨道交通产业协同创新的所有企业看作小世界网络,建立无约束条件下和治理机制下成员的微观决策模型,使用 Python软件编程仿真研究微观决策影响因素对协同创新网络的影响。仿真结果表明,在无约束条件下,协同创新成员的创新收益、投入成本与挪用收益之间的关系大小对投机行为的最终选择比例有显著影响;网络规模对成员最终选择投机行为影响不大,但对演化时间进程有显著影响。在治理机制下,加大惩罚力度、监管概率与声誉损失能够有效抑制投机行为。     

我国城市治理改革趋向

我国城市治理面临着治理理念滞后、治理体制局限、依法治理能力不足、市民参与欠缺、治理方式粗陋、大都市协同治理机制缺失等困境,亟需完善城市治理立法体系,健全城市管理执法体制,压缩城市管理层级,建立健全部门协调联动机制,促进居民有序参与,提高城市治理的精细化和信息化水平,完善城市群协同治理机制.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.