数字经济发展促进我国产业结构升级的机理与路径

通过数字经济发展来推动产业结构升级已经成为我国经济发展的重要战略。数字经济发展可以为产业结构升级提供技术创新、产品创新、商业应用模式创新、产业融合创新及需求侧结构创新等支持。然而,当前我国区域经济发展不平衡、数字技术的依赖效应、数字经济的垄断性、企业创新动力不足、复合型数字技术人才供给不足及数字化公共服务体系缺失等因素降低了数字经济推动产业结构升级的作用。基于此,我国应从完善数字经济治理体系,加强平台反垄断,加大需求侧改革,加强数字技术人才培养,加快数字经济与三次产业融合等方面提升数字经济对产业结构升级的促进作用。     

区域经济增长与资源禀赋的效应分析

改革开放30多年来,我国经济总量快速增长,但区域间发展并不平衡。根据分省经济发展水平和资源禀赋之间的回归分析,发现自然资源非但没有为经济增长起到积极作用,反而成为经济发展过程中的陷阱,陷入"资源的诅咒"。要解决这个问题,需要依靠调整产业结构,充分利用"扩张效应",对已有的经济中心加强引导,发挥其引导示范作用,促进区域经济协调发展。     

由欧债危机所引发的对我国产业结构调整思考

蔓延一年的欧洲债务危机越演越烈,从希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙和西班牙蔓延至比利时、意大利,由此产生的多米诺效应令国际资本市场一蹶不振。论其产生的根源之一就在于欧洲的产业结构发展不平衡,大量制造业外迁导致实体经济"空心化",经济发展脆弱,当经济不振时实体经济无力为其"输血",文章首先对欧洲债务危机的产业结构原因进行阐述,在此基础上分析了欧洲产业结构不平衡,对我国产业结构调整的启示,并针对欧洲债务危机提出了我国产业结构调整的建议。     

工业园区对区域经济发展的探讨

工业园区是区域经济发展的龙头,良好的工业园区发展环境能够提升整个区域经济的发展水平。了解工业园区对区域经济的发展效应,才能有针对性地提出产业调整方案,促进区域经济发展。因此,本文首先探讨工业园区对区域经济发展的重要性,调研工业园区如何推动区域产业结构升级以及其技术创新对区域经济所带来巨大收益。同时指出,加快对工业园区产业结构调整,优化资源配置,才能提高产业园区的经济发展水平,从而带动区域经济的繁荣发展。     

增值税分成、财政激励与城市经济发展不平衡——内在机制与经验证据

优化财政分配格局对推进区域协调发展与实现共同富裕具有重要意义。为了探究地方政府财政激励差异如何影响城市经济发展不平衡变化，本文以2016年增值税分成比例调整作为地方财政激励的准自然实验，基于2010～2019年市县经济统计数据，运用强度双重差分模型考察了财政激励对城市经济发展不平衡的影响。研究发现，财政激励能显著降低城市经济发展不平衡，且这一效应具有持续性特征。对于改革前经济发展不平衡较高和经济发展水平较低的城市，财政激励发挥着“雪中送炭”的作用。而在税收征管强度较高的城市，财政激励效应更加明显。机制证据表明，财政激励通过加强税收竞争和扩大政府投资两种渠道降低城市经济发展不平衡程度。进一步分析发现，财政激励推进了城市共同富裕发展进程，是城市经济发展不平衡改善的主要表现。本文不仅拓展了税收分成的经济效应研究，而且从财政激励角度廓清了城市经济协调发展的制度成因和内在机制。本文结论为新发展阶段推进省以下财政体制改革、构建区域协调发展新格局提供了经验参考和决策方向。     

区域物流对城市群经济协调发展要素的作用机理

城市群经济是区域物流发展的基础,决定着区域物流的需求结构和发展水平,城市群经济协调发展对区域物流发展具有推动效应;区域物流是城市群经济的主要构成要素,对城市群经济布局、产业结构转变和经济增长具有拉动效应。     

齐齐哈尔市县域经济增长比较分析

本文以齐齐哈尔市为研究区域,运用偏离—份额分析法对齐齐哈尔市县域经济产业结构和竞争力差异作以研究,为区域县域经济进一步发展提供参考依据。各县（市）域经济增长中没有出现产业结构和竞争力两类因素均不具有优势,即结构份额分置和竞争力份额分置都为负值的现象。各县（市）域经济增长中没有出现产业结构因素不具备优势（绉构份额分量为负值）,但具有较强的区域竞争优势（竞争力份额分量为正值）的现象。齐齐哈尔市县域经济发展总体欠缺竞争能力,对本地区的经济增长贡献较低。应该从产业结构调整和加强竞争力着手,起到促增长的推动作用。     

航空航天产业提升区域经济发展质量的机理与路径研究

在经济从高速增长向高质量发展转变的背景下,区域经济发展质量的提升尤为重要。航空航天产业作为高科技产业的高端代表,能够通过技术创新、产业结构升级和经济效应作用于区域经济发展质量的提升。我国主要地区的数据实证研究体现了航空航天产业在提升区域经济发展方面的显著效果。为充分发挥航空航天产业对区域经济发展质量的提升作用,需要从开放式区域创新体系构建、点线面产业整体推动、高技术集群治理、航空军民融合及商业化等几个方面着力推进。     

教育投入、服务业发展与城乡收入差距——基于省际面板数据的机制分析

改善城乡二元化格局,拉动农村经济发展,是推动中国经济协调发展,实现共同富裕的重要途径。理论与实证研究表明：教育投入与服务业发展均缩小城乡收入差距。同时,教育投入对城乡收入差距表现为倒“U”形,服务业发展对其影响为正“U”形。这种非线性关系主要表现为存在门槛效应。门槛模型表明,当教育投入与服务业发展跨越单重门槛值时,两者缩小城乡收入差距的程度显著提高。从中介效应的影响机制看,两者通过政府管理效应拉大城乡收入差距,通过经济效应、人力资本效应缩小城乡收入差距。合理分配公共资源、调整产业结构成为提升农村人口质量、发展质量的重要措施。     

城镇化、空间溢出与旅游经济——基于中国287个地级市面板数据的实证研究

基于2010～2016年我国287个地级市面板数据与空间面板计量模型,从全国与三大区域角度深入探究城镇化对旅游经济的直接推动作用与空间溢出效应。结果显示:(1)Moran’I检验证实地级市旅游经济与城镇化均存在着显著的空间相关性,如果忽略城镇化空间溢出效应的影响,就容易高估城镇化对本区域旅游经济的影响作用;(2)我国总体与东部地区城镇化对旅游经济具有显著的直接推动作用与空间外溢效应;西部地区城镇化对本区域旅游经济正向影响显著,空间溢出效应却不足;而中部地区城镇化对旅游经济的直接促进作用与外溢效应均不明显;(3)我国经济发展水平、产业结构、对外开放水平及政府扶持水平均是推动区域旅游经济发展的重要力量,而且对外开放水平与政府扶持水平存在显著的正向外溢效应。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.