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熏蒸处理木质包装时集装箱内溴甲烷气体分布及残留检测的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用40英尺集装箱熏蒸处理木质包装,实验对箱内溴甲烷气体分布、及箱内和大气中溴甲烷残留进行了检测研究.结果表明,投药剂量48g/m3时,投药2h后集装箱内各检测点溴甲烷浓度达到技术指标(30g/m3),24h后箱内溴甲烷浓度分布均匀且达到指标(24g/m3).开箱散气后箱内溴甲烷浓度快速下降,通气孔未封时散气4h后溴甲烷残留符合安全标准(5ppm)要求,通气孔密封时散气6h后溴甲烷残留符合安全标准要求.散气后箱门口上风方向是安全的,散气后3min内箱门口正对方向10m内溴甲烷浓度超过安全标准,箱门口下风方向25m内溴甲烷浓度超过安全标准,散气30min后大气环境中溴甲烷残留达到安全要求. 相似文献
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[目的]找出某木质家具企业打磨岗位在通风除尘系统方面存在的问题,提出合理建议,完善通风除尘效果。[方法]对打磨岗位进行调查分析,按照规定的方法对作业场所的木粉尘浓度、罩口风速进行检测。[结果]整改后打磨岗位木粉尘浓度符合相关标准的规定。[结论]打磨岗位通风除尘系统对作业场所木粉尘浓度的控制起着关键性作用。 相似文献
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[目的]对GB/T19857-2005的前处理方法进行优化,使其更适合实验室使用。[方法]称取3.00g样品,用乙腈沉淀蛋白,乙酸铵缓冲液作为辅助提取试剂,C18散装填料吸附油脂,二氯甲烷作为极性改进剂,经定量提取上清液蒸干后,用乙腈-5mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%FA)(1:1)洗脱、定容,过0.20μm滤膜后上机测定。[结果]4种目标物在3min内全部出完峰,检出限0.5μg/kg,在0.5-10μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999),回收率89.3-113.3%,RSD 1.7-8.7%。[结论]该方法具有操作简单、检测速度快、结果准确、检测成本低等特点,完全符合实验室检测的需要,特别适用于拥有大批量样品的实验室。 相似文献
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[目的]调查江苏地区生产的酸奶中酵母菌的污染状况以及受酵母菌污染的酸奶在货架期内的状态变化。[方法]在一年的四个季度分别对从企业成品库抽取酸奶进行酵母菌计数检验,并对在不同环境下保存的酸奶中酵母菌生长速率进行比较。[结果]受调查酸奶的酵母菌总体合格率为90%,其中第三季度(7-9月)的合格率为80%,为四个季度中最低;风味(果粒)酸奶的酵母菌污染率(19.15%)明显高于原味酸奶的酵母菌污染率(1.89%);货架期内20℃环境下保存的酸奶中酵母菌生长速率明显高于4℃保存环境下的生长速率。[结论]环境温度及果粒的杀菌工艺对酸奶中酵母菌的污染数量具有重要影响。应该加强高温季节生产环境的消毒和温控,并且对投入的水果原料应该进行巴氏杀菌预处理。 相似文献
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维持磷化氢的有效熏蒸浓度和有效熏蒸时间是磷化氢熏蒸技术成功防治储粮害虫的决定性因素。实践中,由于储粮维护结构的气密性较差,仓房气密性的压力半衰期往往无法达到熏蒸仓的标准,给储粮害虫的防治带来了一定困难。本研究采用补充施药技术,当磷化氢浓度降至250 m L/m3时开始补药,延长熏蒸时间至40 d以上,采用整仓环流熏蒸的方式,在储有小麦的高大平房仓进行储粮害虫的磷化氢熏蒸防治试验,结果表明:采用补充施药至少可维持磷化氢浓度在200 m L/m3以上可达35 d,在250 m L/m3以上可达25 d;熏蒸22 d后,可全部杀死仓内的赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗。表明通过补充施药进而延长有效熏蒸时间是保障磷化氢熏蒸成功有效方法。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨应用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验的试验条件和阳性对照物8-MOP的合适试验浓度。[方法]观测皮肤光毒性实验仪的UVA光强度与开机时间的关系,并根据测得的光强度平均值计算得出光毒性试验所需的照射时间;用不同浓度的8-MOP进行试验,排除8-MOP的原发性刺激作用,选择适宜的应用浓度进行皮肤光毒性试验;对两个防晒粉底按所选仪器条件进行试验。[结果]照射开始后2-100m in,UVA光强度稳定在4.3-4.4 mW/cm^2,平均值为4.4 mW/cm^2,故试验时的照射时间为38m in;用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行光毒性试验,0.05%8-MOP能引起豚鼠皮肤明显光毒性反应并且不引起原发性刺激反应;相同试验条件下未见两种防晒粉底引起豚鼠皮肤显著光毒性反应。[结论]用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验可行、有效。 相似文献
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[目的]研究Roundup Ready大豆的Lectin、CaMV35S、NOS和CP4EPSPS等被检测基因的RT-PCR定性范围。[方法]用CTAB法提取DNA,对Lectin、CaMV35S、NOS和CP4EPSPS等被检测基因的检测条件进行了优化,确定了被检测基因在相同RT-PCR条件下的定性范围。[结果]研究发现,不同被检测基因在相同RT-PCR条件下的浓度检出范围不同。Lectin为0.05~792mg/L,CaMV35S为0.25~792mg/L,NOS为0.25~396mg/L,CP4EPSPS为0.05~1980mg/L;共同的方法检出限LOD为5ng,体系浓度范围为0.25~396mg/L。[结论]确定了Roundup Ready大豆被检测基因的定性范围和检出限,可应用于大豆中相关基因的检测。 相似文献
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Recycling of packaging material has become more or less mandatory in many European countries, including Norway. Through so-called voluntary agreements quantitative targets are set for the proportion of total waste to be recycled. At the same time the strategic objective for Norwegian waste policy is that there should be a socio-economic balance between different waste treatment options. On the basis of a cost-benefit analysis it is questioned whether the Norwegian recycling policy for liquid board containers really is cost-effective. The calculations show that the net social costs of the recycling system in 1999 amounted to EUR3.5 million. The high cost is due to the fact that these containers constitute a small fraction of total waste from the household and that it is costly to separate it from other waste. The environmental costs from landfilling or incineration are small compared to the costs of recycling. The best alternative, according to our analysis, is to incinerate the containers with energy recovery. 相似文献
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Eiji B. Hosoda 《Metroeconomica》2014,65(1):58-94
One of the most interesting but troublesome features of daily recycling is the mixture of different types of household waste and degradation of a recycled material caused by the mixture of different types of waste. This is often seen in recycling of materials such as used papers, plastics and so on. This paper analyses this aspect, and demonstrates how the formation of prices and activity levels is made in a long‐run growing economy, by means of a neo‐Ricardian type of production model. It is proved that a long‐run equilibrium exists under reasonable assumptions. It is also shown how the sorting rate of different types of waste affects the grade of recyclable resources as well as prices. 相似文献
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The Physical Internet (PI) is a modularization of logistics services: standardized protocols, full interoperability and standardized packaging, PI‐containers, and encapsulated freight. The PI‐containers are a core component of the PI; however, previous PI studies have not addressed those containers’ repositioning, despite its importance and effect on the PI network efficiency. In this paper, we analyze how the PI‐containers’ design and characteristics will determine the containers’ flows in a domestic network context. The flows are studied strategically using a linear programming model minimizing flow imbalances between hubs and simulating the effect of PI‐container compatibility. The model is tested using inter‐regional freight data from Sweden, and the results are framed using modularity theory. Our analysis reveals that PI‐container compatibility in terms of forward and reverse flows determines whether PI presents increased or decreased empty runs compared with the existing conventional logistics system. Departing from modularization theory, we discuss our results, emphasizing not only the importance of keeping synergistic specificity low but also how the characteristics will affect the urgency of technology use. Our implications are important to supply chain managers and policymakers for the future research on the Physical Internet, PI‐container repositioning and routing, and packaging design. 相似文献
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集装箱货运链非传统安全风险防范问题已经引起了欧美发达国家海关极大的重视,作为国际贸易大国,该领域的研究在我国尚处于起步阶段.从海关监管角度出发研究集装箱货运链非传统安全风险非常有必要而且意义重大.文章从集装箱运输全过程出发,提供了一个简单的风险分析模型,通过分析集装箱运输网络的每个节点,预防集装箱运输链潜在的安全风险.根据该模型可形成集装箱货运链非传统安全风险的评估结果,为海关进行集装箱货运链风险管理提供依据,帮助解决运输网络中监管资源的有效分配问题.而今后的研究,除进一步完善海关风险分析外,还要致力于先进高效监控技术的研发.集装箱运输链是一条复杂的长链,涉及许多利益相关人和监管部门,安全高效的集装箱运输体系的构建需要学术界、运输产业、政府部门、科技产品生产商的共同参与. 相似文献
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不同含水量的晚籼稻谷磷化氢熏蒸,吸附性存在较大差异,单位粮食用药量不同,熏蒸有效浓度维持的时间不同。磷化氢环流熏蒸时,根据设定的熏蒸浓度,充分考虑不同含水量晚籼稻谷的吸附性差异,不仅能够准确确定单位粮食熏蒸用药量,而且有利于准确把握不同含水量晚籼稻谷磷化氢环流熏蒸有效浓度的维持时间,有利于合理保持合适的有效浓度和足够的密闭时间,熏蒸效果好。 相似文献