Time aggregation and the distributional shape of unemployment duration

This paper reports empirical evidence on the sensitivity of unemployment duration regression estimates to distributional assumptions and to time aggregation. The results indicate that parameter estimates are robust to distributional assumptions, while estimates of duration dependence are not. Time aggregation does not seem to have drastic effects on the estimates in a simple parametric model like the Weibull, but can produce dramatic changes in the more complicated extended generalized gamma model. Semiparametric models for grouped data produce stable estimates, and perform much better than continuous-time models in terms of significance at high levels of time aggregation.     

产品设计的情感因素研究

产品是为了满足人的需要而诞生的。随着人类需求层次不断提高,也在不断地改进,产品与人的关系也越来越密切,它们既是人类情感的表达者,又是人类情感交流的朋友。产品的情感设计就是遵循人的情感活动规律,以消费者的体验层次和情感需求为切入点,设计具有人情味的产品形态和人机交互方式,使使用者在心理上获得认同,在体验中获得情感,并唤起人们对新的生活方式的追求。文章主要从三方面进行探讨与思考:1、情感在产品设计中的地位;2、产品中所蕴含的情感因素;3、设计师怎样利用这些情感因素设计出更具有人性化的产品。     

浅析产品体验设计的研究与应用

体验设计是伴随体验经济而来的一种新颖的设计思想,是体验经济战略思想的精髓和要义。体验经济是关注用户满意度,探讨怎样才能更好地满足用户的精神需求,从而增加产品与服务附加值。情感因素已成为不可或缺的部分设计,高层次的设计愈加关注人的情感需求,也就是产品的设计可以展现人的精神传达人的感情。基于体验经济,体验设计为起点,结合"经验"和"情感"的涵意和核心,从三个层面就产品体验设计涉及的情感体验和表达方式做详细的阐述。     

Environmental regulation,total factor productivity,and enterprise duration: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation has been confirmed to have an important impact on enterprise productivity, which is regarded as a crucial factor of enterprise duration. However, existing studies have paid little attention to how environmental regulation affects enterprise duration. Using firm‐level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database (2003–2007) and the stochastic frontier analysis method, we estimate enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) and its four decomposed components (scale efficiency change, technological change, factor allocation efficiency change, and technical efficiency change). Meanwhile, we adopt a comprehensive index to measure the environmental regulation intensity. Furthermore, we use the linear probability model and the proportional hazards model to investigate the effect of environmental regulation on enterprise duration through the mediating role of enterprise TFP. The results show that although environmental regulation per se negatively impacts on enterprise duration, environmental regulation can present a synthetic positive effect on enterprise duration due to its positive effect on enterprise TFP. Specifically, environmental regulation significantly mitigates the scale efficiency and technical efficiency of regulated enterprises. It also stimulates regulated enterprises' technological innovation and improves their factor allocation efficiency. In addition, state‐owned and large‐scale enterprises are more malleable when facing environmental regulations. We propose that the government should encourage enterprises to innovate and improve the allocation efficiency of production factors, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling environmental pollution in stages while extending enterprise duration.     

Emotion work and psychological well-being: A review of the literature and some conceptual considerations

In this article, the state of the art of research on emotion work (emotional labor) is summarized with an emphasis on its effects on well-being. It starts with a definition of what emotional labor or emotion work is. Aspects of emotion work, such as automatic emotion regulation, surface acting, and deep acting, are discussed from an action theory point of view. Empirical studies so far show that emotion work has both positive and negative effects on health. Negative effects were found for emotional dissonance. Concepts related to the frequency of emotion expression and the requirement to be sensitive to the emotions of others had both positive and negative effects. Control and social support moderate relations between emotion work variables and burnout and job satisfaction. Moreover, there is empirical evidence that the cooccurrence of emotion work and organizational problems leads to high levels of burnout.     

Feeling the risks: effects of the development of emotional competences with outdoor training on the entrepreneurial intent of university students

Nowadays, one of the roles of universities is the promotion of entrepreneurship, particularly, among students. Research on entrepreneurship at an individual level of analysis focuses on the personal characteristics and the entrepreneurial attitude that stimulate its development, studying the factors affecting that some individuals discover and exploit opportunities by creating a company, while others do not. Yet, it has been proved that psychological characteristics of individuals affect their entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, experiential learning techniques, such as outdoor training have been showed as useful to change emotional competences. However, there is not any research on how changes in emotional competencies influence individual entrepreneurial intent in university students, particularly after participating in an outdoor training experience. This paper analyses quantitative and qualitative data of last-year university students who participated in an outdoor training experience, measuring its emotional competences and entrepreneurial orientation, before and after that experience. It contributes to the understanding on how changes in emotional competences affect the entrepreneurial intent of university students. Results indicate that changes in emotional competences, such as self-management, social awareness, and relationship management affect entrepreneurial orientation, particularly innovation and risk, affecting, thus, entrepreneurial intention.     

Being Taken Over: Managers' Emotions and Rationalizations During a Company Takeover

abstract    The theme of this paper is the relationship between emotion, management and organization, specifically, how emotions are transformed by rationalizations, and vice versa. It is argued that managers' tendency to rationalize emotion creates additional emotional dynamics, and that these provide opportunities for organizing reflection. This idea also points to a limitation of approaches that are concerned with how emotions can be managed through emotional intelligence. The study took place during a turbulent period in the history of a company, while it was being taken over. Managers in Hyder plc, formerly the largest stock market listed corporation in Wales, UK, carried a tension into their work roles. This was created from particular emotions (pain and shame) and their rationalizations of, or detachment from, these emotions (self-interest and disinterest). Such tension was a necessary part of maintaining their managerial role under difficult and emotionally charged circumstances. The study also showed how fears about personal position undermined the ability of managers to enact their authority and to act collectively within the organization. The conclusion discusses the relationship between collective emotional dynamics (political relatedness) and the organization of reflection, as well as providing questions for further research.     

Immigration and occupational status: A study of Bangladeshi and Turkish fathers and sons in the London labour market

This paper examines the labour market experience of 300 fathers and 300 of their sons in the Bangladeshi and Turkish immigrant communities in various London boroughs in 1988. Probit estimates are made in relation to employment and unemployment, self-employment and employment, and upward mobility or lack of it. Human capital regressions are also run for each of the four groups and for the combined sample. The evidence is consistent with distinctive labour market experience among the various groups.     

音乐教学中的德育渗透

音乐是一门情感艺术,音乐教育是以音乐艺术为手段,通过生动、具体、形象的直观,给予人以教益,或者说是将教育寓于情感之中、趣味之中和娱乐之中,潜移默化地使人在情操上得到陶冶、道德上得到修炼、心灵上得到震撼。因此,音乐教育是在潜移默化中对学生进行情感教育,是培养学生对音乐艺术审美的感受、表达和创造能力的主渠道。     

Ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars

In this paper we analyze the relationship between ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars. Several recent papers have argued that the uncertainty about the relative power of the contenders in a war will tend to increase its duration. In these models, uncertainty is directly related to the relative size of the contenders. We argue that the duration of civil wars increases the more polarized a society is. Uncertainty is not necessarily linked to the structure of the population but it could be traced back to the measurement of the size of the different groups in the society. Given a specific level of measurement error or uncertainty, more polarization implies lengthier wars. Our empirical results show that ethnically polarized countries have to endure longer civil wars than ethnically less polarized societies.     

激发幼儿学习数学兴趣的有效途径——情感教学

人的认识活动与人的情感是紧密联系的,在幼儿园的一日活动中,幼儿的感知、想象、思维等心理活动都受到自身和教师情感因素的影响。近几年来重点强调把情感教育作为早期教育的重要领域,从理论到实践确立情感教育在早期教育中的特殊地位,这无疑是幼儿教育价值观的又一次重大发展。心理学家研究证明:情绪、情感对学前儿童的心理活动和行为的动机作用非常明显。情绪、情感直接指导着学前儿童的行为,愉悦的情感往往使他们愿意学习,不愉悦的情感就会导致他们做出各种消极行为。因此,情感和认知是密切联系的,情感对儿童的认知活动及其发展起着激发、促进作用或抑制、延缓作用。     

Econometric estimation in long-range dependent volatility models: Theory and practice

It is commonly accepted that some financial data may exhibit long-range dependence, while other financial data exhibit intermediate-range dependence or short-range dependence. These behaviours may be fitted to a continuous-time fractional stochastic model. The estimation procedure proposed in this paper is based on a continuous-time version of the Gauss–Whittle objective function to find the parameter estimates that minimize the discrepancy between the spectral density and the data periodogram. As a special case, the proposed estimation procedure is applied to a class of fractional stochastic volatility models to estimate the drift, standard deviation and memory parameters of the volatility process under consideration. As an application, the volatility of the Dow Jones, S&P 500, CAC 40, DAX 30, FTSE 100 and NIKKEI 225 is estimated.     

AIDS prevention advertising: different message strategies for different communication objectives

AIDS prevention, especially when it concerns young adults, is a very serious matter. As a topic to advertise, it is therefore particularly challenging. Public policy makers have the difficult task of finding the message strategy most likely to persuade the target group while, at the same time, showing consideration for parents' sensitivities. This study attempts to address this problem by testing three different message strategies on AIDS prevention: a rational strategy, an emotional strategy based on a negative emotion (fear), and an emotional strategy based on a positive emotion (rewarding improved behaviour). The results suggest that the rational message strategy generated more personal concern for AIDS prevention and the emotional message strategy based on a negative emotion presented a positive impact on behaviour intentions. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications     

Negative Emotional Reactions to Project Failure and the Self-Compassion to Learn from the Experience

Project failure is likely to generate a negative emotional response for those involved in the project. But do all people feel the same way? And are some better able to regulate their emotions to learn from the failure experience? In this paper we develop an emotion framework of project failure that relies on self‐determination to explain variance in the intensity of the negative emotions triggered by project failure and self‐compassion to explain variance in learning from project failure. We discuss the implications of our model for research on entrepreneurial and innovative organizations, employees' psychological ownership, and personal engagement at work.     

Risk,rent seeking and the social cost of monopoly power

Some recent empirical studies that have estimated the social cost of monopoly power have included in these estimates observed monopoly rents as a proxy for the unobserved value of the resources expended by rent seekers. This has involved adding these estimates of resources wasted by rent seekers to estimates of deadweight welfare loss triangles so as to produce an overall estimate of the social cost of monopoly. The present paper points out that each firm seeking a monopoly rent flow not only may be uncertain about obtaining the flow but also about retaining it in future periods. It is shown that this is likely to cause the proportion of the rent flow converted into social cost to be well below 100% regardless of whether the rent sought is small relative to initial wealth and regardless of whether rent seekers are risk-neutral or risk-averse. These findings demonstrate that large errors are likely to be made in monopoly welfare loss studies if observed monopoly rents continue to be employed as a measure of the value of resources used in rent-seeking activities.     

The last taboo?: surfacing and supporting Emotional Labour in HR work

The emotional challenges Human Resource Professionals (HRPs) face, and the work they do in managing emotion in day to day HR practice, have largely gone unacknowledged and unsupported and yet is arguably HR’s most value-added activity. Through in-depth interviews and diary study, we uncover the emotion handling aspect of HR work. Specifically we explore Emotional Labour (EL) which, despite its centrality to HR work, remains under-researched in the HR context. By asking our participants to recount and reflect on emotive interactions, we examine HRPs’ use of EL in their relational work; how they come to learn the emotion display rules of their role; the strategies they use to cope with such emotional demands and the factors that help/hinder this process. Our contribution is to ‘surface’ emotion in HR work and identify how organisations can prepare HRPs for, and support them in, their emotion handling efforts.     

Marital status and the decision to file for personal bankruptcy: A duration model approach

This paper examines how changes in marital status and the length of time in current marital status affect the probability of filing for personal bankruptcy. The results show that the probability of filing differs significantly by marital status. Divorced households are more likely to file in the first two years after divorce while married households and single households file later in their tenure. A further contribution of this paper is that it represents the first use of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine whether there is duration dependence in personal bankruptcy.     

Nonparametric specification tests for conditional duration models

This paper deals with the testing of autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models by gauging the distance between the parametric density and hazard rate functions implied by the duration process and their non-parametric estimates. We derive the asymptotic justification using the functional delta method for fixed and gamma kernels, and then investigate the finite-sample properties through Monte Carlo simulations. Although our tests display some size distortion, bootstrapping suffices to correct the size without compromising their excellent power. We show the practical usefulness of such testing procedures for the estimation of intraday volatility patterns.