祁店村创新土地流转的新路数

祁店村做好土地流转入股大文章,培育新型农业经营主体,实现现代设施林果业和乡村旅游产业融合发展,延长高效绿色生态农业产业链,提升农业休闲观光旅游价值链,带动贫困农户脱贫致富,带动普通农户参与现代农业发展,促进农业发展、农村繁荣、农民增收。     

当前构建新型农业生产经营体系面临的问题与对策

该文着眼于如何构建新型农业生产经营体系这一问题．在深入剖析当前构建新型农业生产经营体系面临的困难和问题基础上．从5个方面提出推进我国新型农业生产经营体系构建的对策建议——稳步推进土地走向适度规模化经营,逐步培育和壮大以家庭农场／专业大户、农民合作社为主体的新型生产经营主体,加快构建公益性与经营性相结合的新型农业社会化服务体系,努力破解农业投资机制与政策初衷错位的局面以及优化经营体系建设的外围环境。     

培育新型农业经营主体构建新型农业经营体系--第二届“中国农业经营创新论坛”综述

2013年中央“一号文件”指出农业生产经营组织创新是推进现代农业建设的核心和基础;党的十八大报告及十八届三中全会提出,要坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,发展多种形式规模经营,构建新型农业经营体系。为了响应中央号召,推动农业生产经营组织创新,由山东财经大学主办的第二届“中国农业经营创新论坛”,围绕新形势下培育新型农业经营主体的必要性、构建新型农业经营主体面临的挑战、新型农业经营主体的主要组织形式及特点、培育新型农业经营主体的内容以及农业经营制度变革方向等诸多问题进行了深入的研讨。     

盐城新型农业生产经营主体现状研究

新型农业经营主体是基于我国传统的小规模、半自给的家庭经营农户而提出的,它们作为新的农业经营主体,既是对农业生产方式的变革,也是为大规模推广适应时代要求的生产方式引路.本文通过对盐城新型农业经营主体的发展现状调查,提出新形势下盐城新型农业生产经营主体发展的对策建议.     

农业企业化——成都新农村建设之路

农业企业化．是指在工业化、城市化进程较快、农村劳动力转移较为充分的地区．在坚持党的农村土地承包制度长期稳定不变的前提下．按照农地所有权、承包权和经营使用权“三权分离”的原则．深化农地经营制度改革．明确农户承包土地的财产权．搞活土地经营使用权．促进农地的流转和集中．加快农业经营主体从传统分散的自然农户向规模经营的农业企业和法人农户转变．农业生产经营方式从传统的“自然农户经济”向“法人农户经济”转变的发展过程．     

新型农业经营主体的困境摆脱及其体制机制创新

随着我国新型农业经营主体的不断发展,我国将形成以承包农户、种养大户和家庭农场为基础,以农民合作社、龙头企业和各类经营性服务组织为支撑,多种生产经营组织共同协作、相互融合、具有中国特色的新型农业经营体系。培育新型农业经营主体,需要处理好五个关系。具体来说,要加强土地流转服务,加快发展政策性农业保险,加大对新型农业经营主体的扶持力度,有序推进农业转移人口市民化,加强新型经营主体人才队伍建设。     

新时期新疆农户农业投资及影响因素分析

农业在新疆经济发展中占有重要地位，增加农业投入是保证农业持续增长的关键因素之一。在农户已成为农业投资主体的新时期，文章从投资额变化、投资结构、农户投资行为的角度分析了新疆农户的农业投资特征，并找出了影响新疆农户农业投资的七大因素：资金、农业生产资料的价格、农户文化水平、固定资产的特性、土地资源和水资源、农业生产的双重风险、农户的价值观，以期为国家制定支农政策提供依据。     

服务外包、农业投资及其替代效应——兼论农户是否必然是农业的投资主体

不同于以往从农户主体角度讨论诱导农业生产性投资的传统思路,文章从分工理论的视角出发,分析农业服务外包与生产性投资之间可能存在的替代关系,试图为中国小农引入现代生产要素及其投资选择提供一种新思路。基于广东阳山县的农户跟踪调查数据,选用Probit和Tobit模型的分析结果表明：农业服务外包与农户生产性投资行为之间存在显著的替代效应。具体而言,农业服务外包水平增加10%,农户进行生产性投资的概率降低3.21%,生产性投资总额降低29.24%。采用工具变量法再次验证了这一替代效应。异质性分析显示,该替代关系会随着种植规模的增大而减弱。文章的政策含义是：充分发挥农业服务外包市场的迂回投资功能,以外部投资替代农户的直接投资行为,从而将小农融入现代农业发展。为此,有必要反思和调整农村信贷政策,并适时制定面向新型农业服务经营主体发展的金融支持策略。     

金融支持对农地产权流转效率影响的实证研究--以陕西省杨凌示范区为例

文章基于金融支持对农地流转效率影响的理论分析,以陕西省杨凌示范区为例,利用DEA-Tobit模型对普通和新型农业经营主体的农地流转效率进行测算,同时分析财政补贴、正规借贷和民间借贷对农地流转效率的影响程度。主要结论是：样本区域内农地流转效率普遍较低,但是新型农业经营主体的流转效率高于传统农户;不同类型的金融支持对农地流转效率的影响程度不同,其中财政补贴的影响系数最大。据此提出根据经营主体特征实行差别化的金融支持策略。     

山东省农业用地规模化经营法律问题探析

当前,山东省农村集体经济组织存在的形式,主要是村集体经济组织。山东省农业用地规模化经营存在的主要问题:真正意义上的新型农业经营主体较少,新型农业经营主体的规范性差;村土地承包经营权的发包程序不规范,规范的流转中介机构和完善的农业用地的流转市场尚未建立等。对此,应完善新型农业经营主体的审批、准入机制,规范准入手续;完善相应的法律法规,确认土地的承包经营权,使农业用地有序流转;政府适当增加对原土地承包经营权人的补贴,建立并完善土地市场价格机制,切实维护农户的合法权益;政府行政主管部门应建立土地流转中介机构,规范土地流转市场,保证土地流转有序进行。     

农民收入变动及影响因素的定量分析

文章通过考察20世纪90年代以来农民收入的变动情况,分析农民收入结构的变化。利用动态计量模型协整方法,得出影响农民家庭经营收入与工资性收入的主要影响因素和影响程度。即农产品生产价格和农村固定资产投资对农民家庭经营收入有很大的正效应;非农劳动力的比重对农民工资性收入具有很大的正效应,在提高农民收入上主要应从以上三方面入手。     

西部新农村公路建设主体分析

西部新农村建设重点在于基础设施建设，特别是农村公路建设。政府主导作用正确发挥是推动新农村公路建设的基础，村民自治组织承担核心协调作用是保障新农村公路顺利建设的关键，村民建设主体地位得到保障是决定新农村公路建设取得成效的核心。     

效益视角的农地融资流转分析

农地融资流转可以有效地保护农民的农地承包经营权,实现资源增值,激发农地潜力。文章通过对农地抵押、农地银行以及农地信托三种融资流转模式的案例分析,发现农地融资流转对农地资本增值、农民增收、资金筹措、农业信贷、新型农民培养、就业、体制协调等产生积极效益,但也存在一定的风险性及一系列的效益约束因子。因此,应通过建立农地融资保证机制来促进农地融资流转的有序进行,保证农地融资流转的效益。     

农村固定资产投资对农民收入的影响研究

农村基础性、生产性固定资产投资对农民经营性、工资性、财产性收入的变动具有积极的正面效应。文章采用1981—2011年的数据检验农村固定资产投资对农民收入的影响,结果认为农村固定资产投资与农民收入之间存在均衡关系,农村固定资产投资可以持久显著地增加农村居民人均纯收入,缩小城乡发展差距。     

Impact of land tenure policy on agricultural investments in China: Evidence from a panel data study

The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of changes in China's rural land policy on agricultural investments. Dramatic changes occurred in China's rural land policies after 2000, including the extension of rural land contractual period, restriction of land reallocation among villages and villagers groups, elimination of agricultural taxes for responsibility land, and rapid development of rural land rental markets. These changes have given farmers more secure tenure on collectively controlled responsibility land and have strengthened farmers' income rights for responsibility lands, incentivizing them to increase their investments on responsibility lands. A panel data method was used to quantitatively investigate the impact of land policy changes on agricultural investment. We considered the application of organic fertilizer as an indicator for long-term agricultural investment, and compared the use of organic fertilizer between private plots and responsibility lands operated by the same household. The results showed that the difference in organic fertilizer use between private plots and responsibility land for the same household has become smaller from 2000 to 2008. Our findings suggest that recent changes in rural land policies have provided farmers incentives to increase land quality investment on their responsibility lands.     

2009年上半年新疆农户固定资产投资调查分析

本文对新疆30个县（市）1550户农民固定资产投资情况进行了调查分析,认为2009年以来,随着中央和自治区继续加大对新疆农村的各项投入和惠农富农政策的逐步落实到位,农民收入持续增长,农户投资热情高涨,农民生产性和生活性的固定资产均保持了较快增长,农业和农村经济呈现良好发展态势。     

The Land Tenure System and its Saving and Investment Mechanism: The Case of Modern China*

The new land tenure system represents a compromise between efficiency and equality. On the one hand, the privatization of land use rights has eliminated the type of free-rider problem observed under the commune system; on the other hand, egalitarianism reduced the transaction costs when land was first allocated to farmers after the dismantling of the commune system. However, this study shows that the main challenge to the efficiency and sustainability of the system is the task of developing a voluntary savings and investment mechanism to fill the vacuum left by the compulsory one that the commune system once had. The frequent reallocation or readjustment of village land, as is required by the system in response to the relative population changes among households, makes farmers feel insecure in their land use rights and agricultural investment, and leads to distortion in their investment and consumption.     

Does Security of Land Operational Rights Matter for the Improvement of Agricultural Production Efficiency under the Collective Ownership in China?

Under the “separation of three rights” policy, the impact of security of land operational rights on agricultural production efficiency has attracted much attention in recent years. Data envelopment analysis and mediation effect analysis were applied to 888 family farms run by new‐type agricultural operators from Songjiang to identify the mechanism of the effect of land operational rights security on agricultural production efficiency through long‐term investment. The results show that greater security of land operational rights generally increased agricultural production efficiency. Approximately 37.94 percent of the impact could be explained by long‐term investment. The results also indicate that significant heterogeneity exists in the effect of land operational rights security on agricultural production efficiency at various levels of the family farms’ efficiency distributions. It is suggested that government should legalize land operational rights and give them a status equal to those of households’ contractual rights and land ownership rights in China's future land tenure reform.     

The Impact of Farmland Transfers on Agricultural Investment in China: A Perspective of Transaction Cost Economics

There is growing concern that farmland transfers lead to less agricultural investment, which may adversely affect agricultural productivity growth in China. Prior research has primarily focused on the differences between owned cultivated land and rented plots, but little is known about how farmland transfers between relatives, which are popular in rural China, specifically affect agricultural investment. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework of transaction cost economics to compare different contracting strategies in China's farmland rental markets. As farmland rental markets in China are immature, land transfer between relatives establishes bilateral governance, which has the advantage of addressing the opportunistic activities of both parties and can ultimately increase investment by tenants. Based on data from two waves of household surveys, we empirically examine the impact of bilateral governance on the application of organic fertilizer, an indicator for agricultural investment. Our findings show that apart from economic factors, kinship is important to the functioning of farmland rental markets in rural areas.