能源消费与经济增长的实证分析

能源消费和经济增长之间存在着密切关系。通过对中国1978-2010年的能源消费和GDP数据进行单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验等分析,发现中国GDP和能源消费数据是一阶单整的,存在协整关系,并表现为从经济增长到能源消费的单向因果关系。这表明中国经济增长与能源消费之间存在密切的关系,能源消费并不是经济增长的一个强外生变量。     

对外贸易、能源结构和碳排放关联关系——以广东省为例

利用广东省1987~2011年的能源、经济、对外贸易样本数据,采用ARDL模型定量研究对外贸易、能源结构和碳排放之间的关系。边界值F计算表明,对外贸易、能源结构、经济增长、能源消费与碳排放量之间呈现长期稳定的协整关系。在长期关系中,对外开放度对碳排放量的影响不显著。对外开放度对碳排放量的短期影响影响为负值。能源结构对碳排放量的长期影响为正值,而短期关系为负值。经济增长对碳排放的长短期弹性系数均为负。因果关系表明,碳排放量和经济增长,能源结构和经济增长,能源结构和对外开放度之间均存在双边因果关系。同时,存在从对外开放度到经济增长,从碳排放到对外开放度,从能源消费到经济增长、能源结构、对外开放度的单向因果关系。广东省在制定低碳发展和经济增长政策时,首先,要考虑能源结构优化,降低能源结构中高碳能源的消费比重,降低能源强度,提高能源效率。其次,要改变传统粗放型发展对外贸易形式,推行具有"低投入、低能耗、高效益"特点的新的对外贸易发展方式。     

中国CO_2排放与经济增长联动性实证分析

笔者在测算我国1953年～2007年间CO2排放量的基础上,通过对数据的经济计量检验,建立联立方程组模型,研究CO2排放量与人均GDP间双向因果关系,并分析各种因素对CO2排放量的影响。实证结果显示,我国CO2排放量与人均GDP间变动关系并不是简单EKC模型中的倒U型,有着更为复杂的相互作用关联。人均GDP提高导致CO2排放量上升的同时,能源利用效率的提高、能源消费结构的改善,以及资本设备更新速度的加快,都将减少CO2排放。     

中国能源消费与经济发展的动态关系研究

运用协整理论,研究了1953--2006年中国能源消费与实际GDP之间的关系。结果表明：中国能源消费和实际GDP之间存在协整关系。建立了能源消费与实际GDP之间的误差修正模型,并通过基于误差修正模型的格兰杰因果关系检验分析了中国能源消费和实际GDP之间的因果关系。结果表明：存在能源消费到实际GDP的短期格兰杰因果关系,存在实际GDP到能源消费的长期格兰杰因果关系。采用HP滤波技术分离出能源消费和实际GDP的趋势成分和周期成分,对能源消费和实际GDP的趋势成分、周期成分之间的关系进行分析。结果表明,能源消费和实际GDP的趋势成分之间存在共同趋势,能源消费和实际GDP的波动成分具有相同的波动特征。最后得出结论：中国能源消费与实际GDP之间的协整关系与经济增长和能源消费的共同波动有关。     

中国可再生能源消费与能源碳排放影响关系研究

利用ARDL模型对中国可再生能源消费和能源碳排放之间关系进行研究,研究结果表明可再生能源消费作为被解释变量时可再生能源消费、能源碳排放和经济增长之间存在长期协整关系;从长期来看,可再生能源消费对能源碳排放具有显著正向影响关系,且长期弹性是0.51,而短期内影响关系不显著;而且Granger因果检验发现存在可再生能源消费到能源碳排放的单向因果关系。     

能源消费和固定资产投资对促进江苏经济发展的作用

一、研究背景 经济学理论确认,能源消费与经济增长具有高度相关性.在西方国家,早期的研究发现经济与能源之间存在着复杂的因果关系.近年来,因果关系研究方法逐渐被应用到亚洲国家的能源消费与经济增长之间关系的研究中,Glasure和Lee利用Granger检验方法发现了新加坡能源消费对GDP的因果关系.     

中国经济发展与能源消费、环境关系的实证分析

采用1985～2007年中国能源消费、环境与经济增长的时间序列数据,利用单位根检验、协整分析、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果关系检验方法,对中国经济增长和能源消费、环境之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:中国的能源消费、煤炭消费、石油消费、电力消费、工业固体废物产生量均与经济增长之间存在一种长期均衡关系。格兰杰因果关系分析发现,经济增长与能源消费之间存在双向因果关系,经济增长与煤炭消费、电力消费之间只存在单向因果关系,经济增长与石油消费、工业固体废物产生量之间不存在因果关系。     

我国能源消费、二氧化碳排放与经济增长关系研究

运用单位根、格兰杰因果检验和自向量回归模型,利用我国1953~2007年的样本数据,对我国的能源消费、二氧化碳排放、经济增长之间的动态关系进行计量分析。研究认为能源消费、二氧化碳排放和经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系。运用格兰杰因果关系检验发现能源消费、二氧化碳排放对经济增长同时存在长期和短期的因果关系,而能源消费是二氧化碳排放的原因。另外,VAR从脉冲响应函数和方差分解的结果可以看出能源消费对经济增长作用明显,而经济增长、能源消费对二氧化碳排放作用明显。因此,我国要实现碳排放目标,肯定要牺牲一定经济增长速度。从长远来看,要使经济与环境获得双赢,必须要调整我国能源结构,发现化石能源的替代能源,提高能源效率。     

能源消费与经济增长关系研究

能源是关系到人类社会发展和国民经济增长的最基本的要素之一。随着全球化资源问题的出现,探讨能源与经济增长之间的关系越来越受到人们的关注。从能源消费角度来看,其与经济增长之间存在长期协整关系,存在从经济增长到能源消费总量单向因果关系,通过以上这些方法的实证分析,以期更加全面地反映出能源消费与经济增长之间的关系,为优化产业和经济结构、调整产业政策、实现低碳排放等提供现实的依据和支撑。     

消费品零售总额与GDP的长期均衡及因果关系——基于中国改革开放30年数据的实证研究

消费与经济增长之间的因果关系在理论和实践中存在着争论，选取中国改革开放30年来（1979—2008）的统计数据进行实证研究，以社会消费品零售总额作为指标变量与GDP的增长关系进行长期均衡检验。首先利用E—G两步法对变量平稳性考察，综合趋势项与截距项的三种模型结果，建立ECM模型，然后应用Granger因果检验对变量之间的因果关系进行经验性研究。结果表明，样本区间内SRG和GDP之间存在长期均衡关系，且GDP的增长是SRG增长的格兰杰原因，但反向因果关系并不成立。进而针对目前国内SRG和GDP增长之间的互动关系提出一系列建议。     

CO2 emissions,output, energy consumption,and trade in Tunisia

This article contributes to the literature by investigating the dynamic relationship between carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, output (GDP), energy consumption, and trade using the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the ARDL methodology for Tunisia over the period 1971–2008. The empirical results reveal the existence of two causal long-run relationships between the variables. In the short-run, there are three unidirectional Granger causality relationships, which run from GDP, squared GDP and energy consumption to CO₂ emissions. To check the stability in the parameter of the selected model, CUSUM and CUSUMSQ were used. The results also provide important policy implications.     

CO2 emissions,economic growth,energy consumption,trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: A panel data analysis

This paper investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, trade openness and urbanization for a panel of new EU member and candidate countries over the period 1992–2010. Panel unit root tests, panel cointegration methods and panel causality tests are used to investigate this relationship. The main results provide evidence supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Hence, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environment and income for the sampled countries. The results also indicate that there is a short-run unidirectional panel causality running from energy consumption, trade openness and urbanization to carbon emissions, from GDP to energy consumption, from GDP, energy consumption and urbanization to trade openness, from urbanization to GDP, and from urbanization to trade openness. As for the long-run causal relationship, the results indicate that estimated coefficients of lagged error correction term in the carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, GDP, and trade openness equations are statistically significant, implying that these four variables could play an important role in adjustment process as the system departs from the long-run equilibrium.     

A multivariate time series analysis of energy consumption,real output and pollutant emissions in a developing economy: New evidence from Nepal

Mountain economies will have to play a central role in attaining the global pursuit of green economic growth as crucial bearers of ecosystems goods and services. However, these economies are not adequately represented in the development policy debates in spite of their fundamental importance towards global sustainable development. This study examines the inter relationships between energy consumption, output and carbon emissions in a developing mountainous economy using an augmented Vector Autoregression model. Time-series data over the period 1975–2013 is studied applying a multivariate framework using population and gross fixed capital formation as additional variables for Nepal. Testing for Granger causality between integrated variables based on asymptotic theory reveals a long-run unidirectional Granger causality running from GDP to energy consumption, and a unidirectional Granger causality running from carbon emissions to GDP. We suggest that the government of Nepal can address energy poverty by accelerating the adoption energy conservation policies such as rationing energy consumption and energy efficiency improvements to narrow the energy supply-demand gap. The opportunity to promote the uptake of decentralised off-grid renewable technologies in remote areas and the large scale development of hydropower at the national level also needs to be prioritized. Our results remain robust across different estimators and contributes to an emerging literature on the nexus relationships between energy consumption, income and carbon emissions in mountainous developing economies.     

Economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from CIVETS countries

ABSTRACT

This paper examines whether a long-run relationship exists between CO₂ emissions and selected variables: real gross domestic product per capita, inward stock of foreign direct investments, gross fixed capital formation, industry, value added and energy use per capita for Colombia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa countries in the period of 1989–2016. We used panel unit root testing, followed by panel cointegration tests and panel causality. The results clearly prove the existence of a bidirectional long-run causal relationship between all the variables except between CO₂ emissions and GDP and CO₂ emissions and GFCF. Major finding of the short-run causality analysis is that CO₂ emission in the short run does not result in changes of other variables. On the other hand, all variables except foreign direct investments (FDI) cause the changes in the CO₂ emissions, and there is a positive bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and FDI, between GFCF and FDI, and between GFCF and IVA. Finally, positive unidirectional causal relationship also exists, running from GDP to IVA, GDP to ENUSE, IVA to FDI and ENUSE to FDI.     

The energy consumption-real GDP nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from 93 countries

In this paper, we analyse the long-run relationship between energy consumption and real GDP for 93 countries. We find mixed results on the impact of energy consumption on real GDP, with greater evidence at the country level supporting energy consumption having a negative causal effect on real GDP. For the G6 panel of countries, we find significant evidence that energy consumption negatively Granger causes real GDP. This means that for countries where energy consumption has a negative long-run causal effect on real GDP, energy conversation policies should not retard economic growth. We identify these countries and regional panels. We argue that these countries/regions should play a greater role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.     

The causal dynamics between renewable energy,real GDP,emissions and oil prices: evidence from OECD countries

This study extends the empirical literature on the determinants of renewable energy consumption in the case of 25 OECD countries for the period 1980–2011. Preliminary analysis suggests the presence of cross-sectional dependence within the panel data. As a result, second-generation panel unit root tests of Smith et al. (2004) and Pesaran (2007) are undertaken to find the respective variables that are integrated of order one. Panel cointegration and error correction modelling reveal that a long-run relationship exists between renewable energy consumption per capita, real GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions per capita and real oil prices. The long-run elasticity estimates are positive and statistically significant for real GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions per capita and real oil prices. The panel error correction model shows that a feedback relationship exists among the variables.     

A multi-factor efficiency perspective to the relationships among world GDP, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions

Most of the research articles on climate change study the relationships between economic growth, and, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission or energy consumption separately for analyzing the impacts of economic growth and energy consumption on global carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, the linkages among CO₂ emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and energy consumption are studied simultaneously using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The time period considered for the study is 1980-2001. The results show that world in the year 1980 was the most efficient in achieving the highest economic growth, emitting least carbon dioxide for a given level of energy consumption for that year. The efficiency index reduced in the next 8 years, fluctuated with a declining trend for the next 7 years, and began to rise from 1996 till 2001. The model is further extended in this paper for technology forecasting to identify the links between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for achieving projected levels of GDP under two different assumptions on efficiency index. It has been identified using the forecasting model that, when the carbon dioxide emissions are restricted to the levels emitted in the year 1990 and when the efficiency index for the year 2025 is assumed to be at the level registered for the year 1980 (highest value), the non-fossil energy consumption needed to meet the GDP level projected for 2025 will be much smaller (35.46 quadrillion Btu for the reference GDP) than the values actually recorded in the year 1990 (44.59). However, the non-fossil energy consumption in 2025 (118.8) increases much more than the actual recorded in the year 1990 when the efficiency index in 2025 is assumed to be at the level registered for the year 1990.     

Energy consumption,carbon emissions,and economic growth in India: Evidence from directed acyclic graphs

This study investigates the temporal linkages among economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions for India during the period 1970–2008 using recently developed methods of out-of-sample Granger causality tests and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Building on the data-driven DAG representation, we uncover the contemporaneous causal patterns between economic activities and environmental pollutants, which is first documented in the literature and could further improve the investigation of the dynamic linkage pattern. The results show that energy consumption uni-directionally Granger causes carbon emissions and economic growth, while there is a bidirectional causality between carbon emissions and economic growth. We also find that trade openness is one of the important determinants of energy consumption and carbon emissions. Some important policy implications are also discussed.     

Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: Challenges faced by an EU candidate member

This paper investigates the long run Granger causality relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption in Turkey, controlling for gross fixed capital formation and labor. The most interesting result is that carbon emissions seem to Granger cause energy consumption, but the reverse is not true. The lack of a long run causal link between income and emissions may be implying that to reduce carbon emissions, Turkey does not have to forgo economic growth.     

中国工业部门碳排放与GDP脱钩因素影响力分析

基于Tapio脱钩模型,对2000．2008年间中国工业部门碳排放与能耗脱钩、能耗与GDP脱钩对碳排放与GDP脱钩影响力进行了实证研究。结果表明：中国工业部门在实现碳排放与GDP脱钩上取得比较显著的成绩;能耗脱钩影响力均值为正,能耗受经济驱动较小对碳排放与GDP脱钩做出了相当的贡献;排放脱钩影响力均值为负,碳排放受能耗驱动力较为明显,对工业部门碳排放与GDP脱钩产生了负向影响。为使中国工业部门在碳排放与GDP脱钩上取得更显著的效果,应加大能耗与GDP脱钩力度,同时政府应大力支持碳捕集利用与封存等低碳和零碳技术研发与应用,逐步改善碳排放与能耗整体挂钩的态势。