从购房者、政府、商业银行与开发商的三重博弈关系研读房地产行业

一、购房者、政府、商业银行与开发商的三重博弈框架 在房地产行业里进行利益博弈的主体很多,从重要性角度看,核心主体是购房者、政府、商业银行和开发商。购房者提供住房购买需求,商业银行为购房者的购买需求提供住房按揭贷款,政府提供土地和行政管理服务,开发商提供住宅产品。购房者、商业银行和政府都要和产品提供者开发商打交道,在房地产行业纷杂的多重利益关系中,他们和开发商的利益博弈关系是最重要的,厘清这三重博弈背后的逻辑,能够更好地理解行业现状和更好地预判行业前景,也能更好地解读行业的波动。     

中国房地产业信息技术的应用和发展

信息技术在中国房地产业中的应用已经拉开序幕,在政府牵头和推动下,房地产企业各界积极参与,目前已经呈现出全面信息化的发展势头。对于中国房地产行业来讲,目前正在响应中央政府大力推进信息化的号召,并结合中国房地产行业的现状及特点,加强国内国际间的交流与合作,加快信息技术在中国房地产行业发展中的应用和推广,以信息技术的应用和推广推动中国房地产业的发展,提高     

家居建材业对房地产的影响

家居行业发展很快，作为房地产业，我们用户对家居行业的发展是欢欣鼓舞的，如果没有发达的家居行业，房地产行业也发展不起来，所以家居行业是房地产业的重要支撑行业。 房地产业发展．在住宅方面最大、最普及的课题就是发展市能、绿色住宅，所以，家居建材是房地产行业的质量源头。 8·31土地大限前后，京城楼市就有“开发商外逃，另谋出路”的风声，而2005年上半年，房地产宏观调控使“开发商日子不好过”的传言更盛，又有开发商携百亿资产转战家居行业，难免让人产生某种联想。     

聚首古都洛阳 挺进中原腹地——2007’中国主流地产（春季）峰会4月20日隆重开幕

★随着房地产业在中国社会经济结构中的地位和作用日益突出,房地产宏观政策及市场走向日益受到社会各界关注,尤其是各地开发商、地方政府和广大置业投资者对此更为敏感。因此透过行业峰会的研讨交流,有助于增强行业及市场发展透明度,对各级政府、开发商和置业群正确判断行业动向,及时捕捉投资机会,修正和完善投资决策具有重要导向意义。     

聚首古都洛阳 挺进中原腹地2007’中国主流地产(春季)峰会4月20日隆重开幕

随着房地产业在中国社会经济结构中的地位和作用日益突出,房地产宏观政策及市场走向日益受到社会各界关注,尤其是各地开发商、地方政府和广大置业投资者对此更为敏感。因此透过行业峰会的研讨交流,有助于增强行业及市场发展透明度,对各级政府、开发商和置业群正确判断行业动向,及时捕捉投资机会,修正和完善投资决策具有重要导向意义。     

聚首古都洛阳 挺进中原腹地——2007’中国主流地产（春季）峰会4月20日隆重开幕

随着房地产业在中国社会经济结构中的地位和作用日益突出。房地产宏观政策及市场走向日益受到社会各界关注，尤其是各地开发商、地方政府和广大置业投资者对此更为敏感。因此透过行业峰会的研讨交流，有助于增强行业及市场发展透明度，对各级政府、开发商和置业群正确判断行业动向，及时捕捉投资机会，修正和完善投资决策具有重要导向意义。     

地方政府执行房地产调控政策分析

近年来,我国政府针对房价过高问题,陆续出台了一系列调控政策,但是执行效果并不理想。从地方政府行为动机角度出发,运用博弈分析方法,认为调控政策的有效执行受到外部损失、房地产行业税收贡献率、相应调控政策执行成本及对房地产开发商超额利润的惩戒力度等四个因素制约。中央政府对地方政府的政绩考核应以经济为主要指标,以房价调控绩效为辅助指标,调动地方政府执行政策积极性。只有这样,才能从根本上解决房地产调控政策制定与执行不统一的问题,达到对房地产市场有效调控的目标。     

2007年各市房地产管理工作思路

坚持以科学发展观统领房地产工作。继续贯彻中央宏观调控政策，把握房地产业发展导向；加强政府保障型住房建设，完善住房保障体系政策；启动住宅产业化工作，节能省地提高住房性价比；建立房地产管理、监测、分析系统；完善房地产业的法律法规体系，加大执行力度；以房地产开发企业资质许可为依托，完善行业监管机制。     

试论如何做好房地产抵押公证

房地产业是一个投资量大、建设工期长、投资收益易受市场制约的行业。大多数的房地产开发商都通过融资筹措建设资金,向银行借款又是其主要途径。由于金融资本在房地产业中需求量大,但资金占用期长、资金周转慢、资金回收因市场供需关系的波动存在风险等因素的影响,房地产开发商以及同房地产开发商相关的企业为了融资,主要采用以房地产抵押的方式作为清偿债务的担保。     

五个维度看房地产业新发展模式

随着我国房地产市场供求关系发生重大变化,传统的房地产业发展模式对经济社会的负面影响日益凸显,已经难以为继,亟待构建新发展模式。当前,社会各界对房地产业新发展模式已有诸多讨论,但对于究竟什么是“新模式”尚未形成统一认识。本文拟从制度设计和行业主体出发,就住房供应顶层设计、政府行业监管、房地产企业开发模式、金融机构融资支持和消费者购房观念等五个维度阐述房地产业新发展模式,促进房地产市场平稳健康高质量发展。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.