湖北省中小企业对外贸易研究

介绍了湖北省中小企业对外贸易现状并指出了这种现状对地区经济发展和企业自身发展的重要影响，然后分析了制约湖北中小企业发展对外贸易的主要因素，最后提出了中小企业在新形势下发展对外贸易的建议。     

论大陆与香港贸易发展中的反规避问题

自CEPE以来，我国对外贸易法律制度的发展面临着严峻的挑战，其中主要涉及到来自国外的产品通过港澳实施规避我国对外贸易管理措施的行为。但是由于我国对外贸易法律制度自身的缺陷导致我们无法对规避行为进行有效的规制。本文通过对我国现行对外贸易法律制度存在的主要问题进行理论分析，提出了解决对外贸易制度中存在的主要问题。     

提高我国服务贸易国际竞争力的对策研究

长期以来，在开展对外贸易中，我国主要采取比较优势的贸易发展战略，大力发展劳动密集型产业，对外贸易得到了迅速发展。尤其是2002年我国正式加入WTO（世界贸易组织）以来，对外贸易保持了持续高速增长，年均增长20％以上，超过GDP年均增速。     

改革开放以来中国对外贸易管理制度演变特征及趋势分析

改革开放以来，中国对外贸易管理制度演变对中国的对外贸易发展产生了重大的影响。总结了中国改革开放以来，对外贸易管理制度演变过程。通过分析了中国对外贸易管理体制改革以来的对外贸易数据。探究改革过程中各阶段制度的演化对中国对外贸易发展的影响，概括归纳了影响中国对外贸易管理制度演化的因素，分析了其演变方式和特点，中国对外贸易管理制度将朝着完善法律法规体系、更加注重宏观管理和国际合作的趋势演化。     

加强边贸企业会计基础工作重要性思考

我国有2万公里的边境线，地缘优势与资源互补优势为边境贸易的发展提供了良好空间。自上世纪90年代以来，边境贸易就占据了我国对外贸易的“半壁江山”，成为对外贸易的重要支柱和主要增长点。如何从财务的角度强化企业管理、     

广东对外贸易与经济增长关系的计量分析

通过1991—2011年广东经济发展和对外贸易的主要指标，进行经济计量分析，分析广东对外贸易对本省经济增长的影响，深度探讨二者间存在的关系。     

绿色壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响及对策

当今的国际贸易中，绿色壁垒成为贸易保护的主要手段，是我国向发达国家出口的主要障碍。绿色壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响，我国政府和企业在对外贸易中有效规避绿色壁垒的一些应对措施。     

对外贸易对甘肃工业化影响的实证研究

工业化历来都是一国或某一地区经济发展的核心，随着各国或各地区经济交流的频繁，对外贸易成为推动一国或某一地区工业化进程的重要因素。本文从定性和定量两方面分析了对外贸易对地区工业化的影响；首先从定性角度阐述了对外贸易对地区工业化的作用机制；其次，以甘肃为例，通过运用计量方法、建立数学模型分析了贸易与甘肃工业化的关系；最后，基于定量分析得出主要结论。     

产业创新与广西出口产业竞争优势培育

近年来，广西的对外贸易发展迅速，但相对于全国的对外贸易发展水平和世界的对外贸易发展水平而言，广西的对外贸易仍处于落后地位。2003年，广西的出口总额为19，70亿美元，仅占全国出口总额的0．05％。广西的出口产业主要集中于农产品、食品、纺织、有色金属和机电等少数产业，出口的商品大部分是具有比较优势的资源密集型产品和劳动密集型产品。由于这些产品加工程度较低，     

我国对外贸易TRIPS协议的影响与解决措施分析

本文分析了我国对外贸易TRIPS协议的影响与解决措施,阐述了TRIPS协议的具体内容和主要特征,说明了TRIPS协议对我国对外贸易有何影响,并对如何加强我国在对外贸易中只是产权保护提出了解决措施,最后总结了我国对外贸易TRIPS协议的要点,旨在加强我国在对外贸易中对知识产权的保护,促进我国对外贸易的发展.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。