基于动态调整模型的最优资本结构影响因素实证研究

本文引入调整成本这一概念,构建了资本结构的动态调整模型。并基于面板数据分析方法,采用我国上市公司的最新财务数据和宏观经济指标,对动态调整模型进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,我国上市公司的资本结构的确存在向最优值部分调整的现象,在动态调整过程中的交易成本较小,这使得我国上市公司的资本结构调整到最优资本结构的比例较高。     

上市公司资本结构调整速度的区域差异研究

本文针对上市公司资本结构的影响因素及调整速度问题,通过构建动态面板模型,采用广义矩估计(GMM)方法,选取1999～2011年非金融上市公司的财务数据为样本进行研究.研究结果表明,中国不同地区上市公司的资本结构不仅受到公司特征、宏观经济因素的影响,还受制度环境因素的影响;制度环境对资本结构的影响程度及资本结构调整速度存在区域差异;调整速度较快的地区呈“带状”分布在中国东部沿海和中部地区.     

多个大股东并存与资本结构动态调整

研究多个大股东并存对资本结构动态调整的影响,对优化公司资本结构、完善公司内部股权结构具有重要意义.文章以标准部分调整模型为基础,利用2010—2019年我国A股上市公司数据,实证检验了多个大股东并存对资本结构动态调整的影响.研究发现,多个大股东并存显著促进了资本结构动态调整速度.进一步分析发现,存在控股股东股权质押和处于投资者保护程度较低地区的公司,多个大股东对资本结构动态调整速度的促进作用更为显著,这也间接证明了多个大股东对控股股东产生的监督作用.将上市公司中普遍存在的多个大股东这一股权结构与资本结构动态调整相联系,不仅拓展了多个大股东对公司治理影响的认识,而且丰富了资本结构动态调整影响因素研究的文献.     

董事会特徵与资本结构：基于中国民营上市公司的实证研究

董事会是公司内部治理机制的重要组成部分。本文选择了144家民营上市公司最近三年的面板数据，分别运用混合OLS、一阶差分和固定效应估计等方法对董事会特徵与资本结构之间的关系进行了实证分析。     

我国上市公司高管异质性对资本结构动态调整的影响

本文基于我国沪深A股上市公司2011-2015年的数据,采用动态面板分析方法 ,以高管的年龄、学历、专业背景、任期、薪酬五个特征的差异性为切入点,利用局部调整模型,实证检验了我国上市公司高管异质性对资本结构动态调整的影响。研究发现:除了专业背景外,高管的年龄、学历、任期、薪酬均在不同程度上会影响资本结构调整速度;而且进一步发现,这种影响受公司治理环境的约束,只有在企业股权较为分散的前提下才显著。基于以上结论,本文从高管异质性和公司治理两个方面提出相应建议,这对上市企业优秀高管队伍构建以及提高高管财务决策效率和资本结构优化具有重要的启示意义。     

盈余质量、股权集中度、企业性质与资本结构动态调整 ——来源于房地产上市公司的数据

以2009—2017年沪深A股房地产业上市公司为研究样本，考察盈余质量、股权集中度、企业性质对资本结构动态调整的影响，通过回归分析检验它们对资本结构动态调整偏离度和调整速度的影响，结果表明：房地产业上市公司盈余质量提高会显著加快资本结构调整速度，降低调整偏离度；股权集中度提高会显著降低资本结构调整速度，但对调整偏离度没有显著影响；企业性质的不同也会显著影响资本结构调整偏离度和调整速度；基于不同负债水平分析发现，盈余质量对资本结构调整的影响具有非对称性。     

股权集中度与资本结构动态调整研究

以2003—2015年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,考察股权集中度与资本结构动态调整之间的关系,并通过分组检验考察产权性质、公司规模和盈利情况对股权集中度与调整速度之间关系的影响,结果表明：股权集中度的提高将加快资本结构调整速度;在资本结构向下调整的子样本中,股权集中度的提高对加快资本结构调整速度有更加明显的效果,说明股权集中度对资本结构动态调整的影响具有非对称性;股权集中度对资本结构动态调整速度的促进作用在民营企业、小规模公司和盈利的公司中更为明显。     

我国上市公司存在最佳资本结构吗?——基于资本结构调整速度的实证研究

运用动态资本结构理论测算我国上市公司1993至2010年资本结构调整速度,研究发现:资本结构调整速度与企业价值呈现倒U型关系,即当调整速度小于1时,企业价值随着调整速度的提高显著增加;反之当调整速度大于1时,企业价值随着调整速度的提高显著降低。结论说明,上市公司存在一个理论上的最佳资本结构调整速度,而该调整速度间接反映了最佳资本结构的存在。     

参股银行与资本结构动态调整——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

金融市场化改革背景下上市公司参股银行的进军步伐明显加快。本文基于2006-2013年A股上市公司参股银行配对样本进行实证研究,结果发现:上市公司参股银行有助于资本结构动态调整,参股银行公司的资本结构调整速度显著快于未参股银行公司。进一步发现,相对于融资约束松的公司,融资约束紧的公司参股银行带来的资本结构调整速度较快的作用更明显,并且参股银行有助于资本结构动态调整的作用在宏观经济环境较差时期更为明显。本研究丰富了参股银行、资本结构动态调整的研究成果。     

战略激进度对公司资本结构动态调整的影响

本文选取我国A股上市公司作为研究对象,通过构建部分调整模型,研究基于行业时钟视角的公司战略激进度与资本结构动态调整的关系。结果表明：从整体上看,战略激进度促进了公司资本结构的动态调整,公司战略越激进,公司资本结构调整速度越快;在不同负债水平下,战略激进度对资本结构动态调整的影响具有非对称性;战略激进度对慢时钟行业的资本结构动态调整更为重要,而对快时钟行业的影响并无明确的方向性。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.