关系网络、动态能力与中小企业国际化绩效研究

以企业国际化网络理论及企业家精神理论为基础,通过对陕西、浙江、江苏等地108家国际化中小企业数据进行分析,探讨了企业家关系对中小企业国际化绩效的影响以及企业动态能力的中介效应。结果表明,国外横向关系和国内纵向关系对企业国际化绩效有显著正向影响,国外纵向关系对其有显著负向影响,国内横向关系对其无显著影响;企业动态能力各维度在企业家横向关系对企业国际化绩效影响中起完全中介作用;企业动态能力中的搜索吸收能力、整合转化能力和创新变革能力在企业家纵向关系对企业国际化的影响中起部分中介作用,而网络协同能力则无中介作用。     

Firm Performance and Women on the Board: Evidence from Spanish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

ABSTRACT

This study examines gender diversity on boards of directors in a sample of nonfinancial Spanish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for 2003–8, finding that the probability of women on the board increases with firm performance, defined as return on assets, and family ownership, but diminishes with corporate ownership and firm risk. It also finds, when examining the full sample, a positive effect of the presence of women board members on firm performance. The study also obtains a similar positive effect in most subsamples, including in firms with corporate ownership, where family connections play less role in the election of board members, and in firms in the secondary and tertiary sectors, which are characterized by having greater proximity to final consumers than those in the primary sector.     

THE IMPACT OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY ON SMEs' COLLABORATION

Absorptive capacity plays a key role in determining firms' capability to access and make use of external knowledge. However, little evidence has been provided about this important determinant of knowledge acquisition in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This article investigates the importance of absorptive capacity created and accumulated in R&D efforts and in qualified human resources, on SMEs' capabilities to collaborate with other firms, with universities and with technology transfer centres. The empirical evidence is based on a survey of interviews with 276 manufacturing SMEs located in the Lombardy region (Italy). Probit model estimations demonstrate that even in SMEs absorptive capacity has a relevant impact on the ability of firms to establish collaborations with external organisations.     

British SMEs’ e-commerce technological investments and firm performance: an RBV perspective

Despite the heated debate on the Information Technology (IT) investment–performance paradox, the resource-based view (RBV) has received relatively little attention as an approach to explain such phenomena, particularly in the small and medium enterprise (SME) and e-commerce context. This study draws on the RBV perspective to empirically examine the association between SME e-commerce investments and firm performance. We collected firm-level data from 430 British SMEs across 16 industry sectors. Results demonstrate that RBV provides strong theoretical support, that is, business resources, human resources, and external resources (i.e. e-commerce readiness) strongly contribute to enhanced firm performance. The sophistication of SMEs' e-commerce websites contribute to firm performance, but those firms' capital investments in IT and e-commerce training per se are not significant performance drivers. Our findings suggest that UK SMEs can and do differentiate themselves on the basis of their e-commerce capability, which is created by the synergistic combination of e-commerce resources with other organisational resources and capabilities.     

网络众包价值协同、吸收能力对中小企业创新绩效的影响

互联网的发展带来了平台资源共享和个体多样化创新。以“群体创造”为特征的网络众包帮助企业在组织内外各个层面集思广益解决问题。从价值协同角度研究了网络众包对中小企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明,网络众包价值协同、吸收能力对中小企业创新绩效具有正向影响,吸收能力在网络众包价值协同与中小企业创新绩效关系中发挥中介作用。     

如何实现组织学习与内部创业平衡——组织注意力视角

中小企业如何在新旧业务之间取得平衡的问题一直备受关注。基于组织注意力视角,探讨了内部创业（渐进式内部创业和突破式内部创业）与组织学习（利用性学习和探索性学习）间的互惠关系,构建了组织学习和内部创业的整合框架,通过企业注意力监控机制转移注意力,可以反复、交替地实施渐进式内部创业与突破式内部创业,由此提出渐进式内部创业和突破式内部创业的交替平衡模式、利用性学习和探索性学习的间断平衡模式。     

“服务中介-企业”互动与科技型小企业知识吸收能力演化动态关系研究

“服务中介-企业”互动与科技型小企业知识吸收能力演化的动态关系需要深入洞察，以便为企业提升知识吸收能力提供指导。因此，提出“服务中介-企业”互动对企业知识吸收能力演化影响的理论框架，建立反映二者关系的系统动力学模型，并运用Venism PLE工具进行模拟仿真。分析结果发现，小企业知识吸收能力演化呈指数型增长特征；“服务中介-企业”互动对科技型小企业知识吸收能力具有促进作用，且有递增的边际贡献。随着互动层次和水平的提高，“服务中介-企业”互动对企业知识吸收能力的提升作用显著增大。“服务中介-企业”互动对企业知识吸收能力演化的作用存在“临界规模”效应。     

公司治理与企业家精神

传统公司治理理论强调对于企业控制权的控制,而淡化了企业作为企业家精神租金创造的意义。本文通过对公司治理与企业家精神的内在逻辑分析,提出公司治理实质上包含着朝向企业家精神的保健机制与激励机制,其共同作用影响企业家精神的发挥从而决定了公司治理的绩效。在理论分析的基础上,本文利用上市家族、国有企业的数据对理论假设进行了实证检验。结果证明,就家族企业而言,激励机制对企业家精神具有显著的正向促进作用,保健机制则表现为不作为或失灵;就国有企业而言,激励机制对企业家精神无显著影响,保健机制则对企业家精神具有较为显著的“倒U型”作用。     

Board diversity and firm performance: evidence from the U.K. SMEs

This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. In particular, we investigate the role of gender and age as two dimensions of diversity. Using a large sample of SMEs (34,798 firms) located in the U.K. and focusing on the period from 2005 to 2013, our results show a significant negative association between each of gender diversity and age diversity, and firm performance. Our evidence yields important insights on the association between board diversity and firm performance, and calls suggestions for increased board diversity into question. A possible explanation for our findings could be due to the fact that our sampled firms are SMEs, whereas those in previous studies have been large enterprises. This research provides insights to entrepreneurs on how to enhance their performance, and to governments and policymakers on the development of rules that would achieve better performance in the SME sector.     

数字能力对公司创业的影响研究——竞争强度的调节效应

公司创业对企业成长、价值增值、生产边界扩大至关重要，现今数字能力极大地颠覆了传统创业逻辑，学界呼吁对“数字时代下公司创业”问题展开研究。基于资源编排理论和数字跳升逻辑，对240份问卷进行实证分析，探究数字能力对公司创业的影响作用以及竞争强度对二者关系的调节作用。研究结果表明：①数字感知能力、数字运营能力、数字协同能力均可以正向影响公司创业，但数字感知能力的作用最为明显，其次是数字协同能力，最后是数字运营能力。②竞争强度增强了数字感知能力、数字运营能力、数字协同能力对公司创业的正向影响。结论的实践启示是：若企业自身要开展公司创业，则应首先注重数字感知能力的培育；若企业要防御其他公司进行相同领域的公司创业，则应首先关注数字运营能力的培育。本文对数字能力3种表现形式内在逻辑的打开，有利于企业针对性地分配资源和精力。     

企业家能力对企业国际创业绩效的影响——以我国中小企业为样本分析

在对国内外国际创业行为和企业家能力研究成果回顾的基础上,采用回归分析方法研究企业家能力对中小企业国际创业绩效的影响。研究表明：中小企业家的管理能力和战略能力对企业国际创业绩效的影响最为显著,社会关系能力虽然也有显著影响但相关系数较小。企业家的政府关系能力影响不显著。     

技术创新对股权结构与企业绩效的中介效应

基于2013-2017年我国277家创业板上市制造业企业数据,采用中介效应检验方法分析股权结构、技术创新与企业绩效三者间的相互关系。结果表明：①第一大股东持股比例与技术创新、企业绩效间均呈显著正相关关系;②股权集中度与技术创新、企业绩效间均呈显著正相关关系;③在股权适度集中的基础上,股权制衡度与技术创新和企业绩效均呈显著正相关关系;④技术创新部分中介了股权结构对企业绩效的影响。研究结果有助于厘清股权结构、技术创新与企业绩效三者间的相互关系,对于我国企业自主创新能力提升及企业绩效可持续增长具有重要意义。     

Corporate entrepreneurship and sustainability transitions: resource redeployment of oil and gas industry firms in floating wind power

ABSTRACT

It has been recently argued that the vast resources of established firms can potentially accelerate sustainability transitions. This paper contributes to the study of such possibilities by investigating the resource redeployment of three Norwegian oil and gas industry firms in corporate ventures in floating wind power technologies. Using interview and document data, the findings show that the opportunity to use existing firm resources was a key motivation for established firms to engage in entrepreneurship in such technologies. The firms could redeploy their specialised and general-purpose resources in these entrepreneurial ventures, and develop new technologies on the basis of their existing resources. However, also challenges and controversies were observed. This paper thus suggests that the process of resource redeployment can help to explain why, and describe how, established firms may engage in cleantech innovation through corporate entrepreneurship.     

创业导向与企业绩效的关系:国外研究进展

环境动态性与复杂性的加强,导致更多的企业采取创业导向战略以获取持续竞争优势。自20世纪80年代以来,创业导向与企业绩效的关系一直是公司创业理论与实证研究的核心问题之一。本文首先对创业导向的维度进行探讨,然后对创业导向与企业绩效的关系及其权变因素进行评述,最后对新兴的四种研究情景进行了总结。     

联盟组合中焦点企业的网络能力对创新绩效的影响——吸收能力的中介作用

结合社会网络理论和资源基础理论,基于联盟组合中焦点企业的视角,构建了网络能力、吸收能力影响创新绩效的理论模型,并对我国战略性新兴产业242家企业进行了问卷调查和实证分析.研究结果表明:网络能力的4个维度(网络规划能力、网络构建能力、关系管理能力和位置占据能力)对创新绩效均有显著正向影响;网络能力的4个维度对吸收能力的两个维度(潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力)也均有显著正向影响;吸收能力的两个维度对创新绩效均有显著正向影响;潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力在网络能力的4个维度与创新绩效的作用关系之间均起到部分中介作用,而且实际吸收能力的中介作用强于潜在吸收能力的中介作用.     

动态能力、企业规模与双元创新关系研究——基于fsQCA方法的实证分析

对186家企业问卷数据进行模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA），探寻3种类型动态能力和企业规模等因素对双元创新的组合效应以及不同因素之间的互动关系。研究发现，分别存在两种等效路径支撑中国企业实现探索式创新和利用式创新；吸收能力作为核心条件存在，联合不同水平的机会识别、资源拼凑和企业规模，大大提高企业实现双元创新的可能性；此外，资源拼凑兼具探索性和利用性双重特征，联合机会识别促进双元创新，其中，资源丰裕的大规模企业更具优势。采用QCA构型研究方法，推动了企业创新行为选择的因果逻辑性研究，从单维视角向多维交互的整体视角转变，明确了各种类型动态能力与双元创新之间的关系以及不同能力间的依赖/替代关系。     

High-Quality Development Trend and Path Choice of Specialized,Sophisticated, Distinctive and Novel SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are key contributors to technological innovation. As China’s vanguard for self-reliance and strength in science and technology, specialized, sophisticated, distinctive and novel (SSDN) SMEs have grown into an important motivation for high-quality development, a key stabilizer for the new development paradigm, and a vital force for an innovation-driven China. In recent years, China has been ramping up support for SSDN SMEs, and raised the focus on their development to a new level. At present, some problems and obstacles are befalling the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs, such as imperfect innovation system and mechanism, weak basic research service capabilities, a digital divide in digital transformation, and insufficient vitality of collaboration among players in the innovation ecosystem. In the future, China should promote the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs from system and mechanism, basic input, business environment, and digital empowerment. Specifically, China should increase policy support to consolidate the institutional guarantee for innovative development, build more platforms to form a dynamic innovation ecology, enhance intellectual property protection to spur entrepreneurship, and ramp up upgrading and transformation for the quality and efficiency improvement of traditional enterprises.     

技术型创业者创造力特征对企业绩效的影响

“双创”国家战略鼓励不同类型的创业者参与创新创业活动，实现中国经济的创新驱动。作为将自有创新成果商业化的创业群体，技术型创业者不仅具备一般创业者特征，还拥有显著的创造力特征。已有研究表明，创业者的技术特征对企业绩效具有重要影响，但缺少技术型创业者的创造力水平对创业企业绩效影响机制的探讨。鉴于此，以2020年深圳证券交易所创业板上市的企业为样本，研究技术型创业者创造力特征对创业企业绩效的影响。多元线性回归分析结果表明，技术型创业者创造力水平与创业企业绩效呈正相关关系；在中型企业中，技术型创业者创造力水平对创业企业绩效具有显著正向影响，而在大型企业和小微企业中，技术型创业者创造力水平对企业创业绩效的影响则不显著或较小。     

The Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology in Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises through IT Scenarios

The rapid economic and technological developments in the globally oriented business world make the strategic use of information technology (IT) essential. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are running behind regarding the application of IT and therefore it is necessary to stimulate the diffusion and adoption of this technology within this group. In this article a so-called IT scenario model is described, with which communication can be established with entrepreneurs from SMEs concerning the strategic application of IT. Theoretical approaches and concepts regarding the diffusion and adoption of IT are essential components of the model. The IT scenario model consists of an environmental aspect, six phases and three aspect areas. The model was put into operation through various interviews with SMEs in the furnishing sector.     

Innovation capability in achieving higher performance: perspectives of management and employees

The study clarifies the issue of whether innovation capability has a positive effect on firm performance. The effects are analysed in the perspectives of management and employees. The study has been executed by conducting a web-based survey in Finnish Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A total of 311 responses were received from a sample of 2400 randomly selected SMEs. The results show that three aspects of innovation capability, namely ideation and organising structures, participatory leadership culture, and know-how development, are related to firm performance. The results also reveal that managers and employees have different perceptions on what aspects of innovation capability affect performance.