高参与工作系统对工作绩效的影响研究——人力资源柔性的中介作用

基于战略人力资源管理理论,在文献回顾的基础上,将人力资源柔性作为中介变量引入到高参与工作系统对工作绩效作用机制的研究中,同时运用多元线性回归和结构方程模型方法对假设理论模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明:高参与工作系统对人力资源柔性、工作绩效具有显著正向影响;高参与工作系统四个维度对人力资源柔性等有正向影响;人力资源柔性在高参与工作系统与工作绩效关系中起部分中介作用,增强人力资源柔性对提高工作绩效有重要作用。     

Relative Importance of Major Job Performance Dimensions in Determining Supervisors' Overall Job Performance Ratings

This study explores the factor structure of job performance and each performance dimension's relative importance in determining supervisors' overall job performance ratings. We found that the optimal factor structure of job performance includes five dimensions: task performance, organizational citizenship behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (OCB‐O and OCB‐I, respectively), and counterproductive work behaviour directed toward the organization and individuals (CWB‐O and CWB‐I, respectively). The percent‐based relative weight (%RW) is the highest for task performance in determining job performance, followed by OCB and CWB. Interestingly, the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward the organization (OCB‐O and CWB‐O) is similar to the %RW of task performance but greater than the %RW of non‐task performance dimensions directed toward individuals (OCB‐I and CWB‐I). Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding the dynamics between supervisor‐follower social capital,work engagement,and employees' creative work involvement

This study examines the previously unexplored mediating role of work engagement in the link between creative work involvement and the relational resources embedded in supervisor‐follower exchanges. We studied three relational resources inherent to the exchanges between followers and their supervisors: trust in supervisor, goal congruence, and relationship informality. Data were captured from IT professionals working at four well‐established IT companies in Ukraine. The findings show that relationship informality and goal congruence positively affect employees' creative work involvement, yet these effects are less pronounced when controlling for work engagement. The significance and implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Direct and Indirect Effects of Self‐Efficacy on Salespeople's Emotional Exhaustion and Work‐Family Conflict: A Study Using the Job Demands‐Resources Model

This study integrates Social Cognitive Theory with the Job Demands‐Resources Model to examine self‐efficacy in relation to emotional exhaustion and work‐family conflict (WFC) in a sample of 192 employees. The results obtained through structural equation analysis show: a negative association between self‐efficacy and both work overload and emotional exhaustion; a positive relationship between work overload and both emotional exhaustion and WFC; that work overload mediates the relation between self‐efficacy and both emotional exhaustion and WFC; that role ambiguity moderates the relation of self‐efficacy with work overload; and that tenure in the sales territory moderates the relation of work overload with WFC. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人力资源管理模式:基于工作与素质的研究

基于工作与素质的人力资源管理不仅追求人与职的匹配,更关注人与组织的匹配。由于对员工的知识、技能要求较高,这种管理模式相应地增加了企业的成本,而且要求有相应的组织环境、文化环境做支撑。因此,不同的企业在构建基于工作和素质的人力资源管理模式时,应充分考虑企业自身的实际加以运作。     

Human resource development to facilitate experiential learning: the case of Yahoo Japan

Although work experiences are recognized as important mechanisms for developing leaders in organizations, existing research has focused primarily on work assignments rather than on human resource development (HRD) systems that promote experiential learning of managers. The primary goal of this study was to develop an HRD model for facilitating experiential learning by examining the case of Yahoo Japan, which has transformed its HRD system based on experiential learning theory. The results indicate that Yahoo Japan has promoted experiential learning at the individual level by introducing new HRD systems consisting of four elements: reflection support (one‐on‐one meeting and coaching training), assignment support (HRD meeting and job rotation), assessment support (360‐degree appraisal and one‐on‐one meeting assessment) and visionary support (a vision and values). Although these elements are closely associated with each other, reflection support plays a key role in the HRD system. The proposed model is discussed from theoretical and practical viewpoints.     

劳动力供需匹配探讨——基于镇江市人力资源市场微观数据

劳动力供需结构性矛盾阻碍产业结构的转型升级。基于镇江市人力资源市场微观数据,运用公开劳动力市场统计指标,从供需匹配视角研究微观劳动力的匹配状况,发现劳动力市场存在供需结构失衡问题。劳动力无法适应企业转型升级的要求,高技能人才短缺;不同性质机构的劳动力存在错配问题,民营企业招聘合适的人才比较困难。在众多的影响因素中,求职者学历、职位工资供需匹配影响较大,但是求职者经验的影响并不十分显著。     

The relationship between laissez-faire leadership and burnout: Mediation through work alienation and the moderating role of political skill

We tested the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and job burnout and the mediating role of work alienation in this relationship. We also examined the moderating role of political skill in the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and burnout. Based on time-lagged (three waves, two months apart) survey data collected from 272 employees in 92 firms operating in China, our results showed that laissez-faire leadership was positively related to burnout both directly and via work alienation. Moreover, the positive relationship between laissez-faire leadership and burnout was contingent on political skill, such that the relationship was weak when political skill was high. The study provides useful suggestions to help managers curb employees' feelings of burnout and work alienation.     

不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响研究:一个被调节的双中介模型北大核心

基于认知—情感个性系统理论和资源保存理论构建了一个被调节的双中介模型,探讨了不合规任务对员工工作绩效的影响机制。通过对建筑行业239份领导与员工配对数据的分析发现:(1)不合规任务对员工工作绩效具有显著的负向影响;(2)工作目标进展和情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间起中介作用;(3)时间管理技能不仅弱化了不合规任务与工作目标进展的负向关系,还削弱了不合规任务与情绪耗竭的正向关系;(4)时间管理技能负向调节了工作目标进展在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间的中介作用,对情绪耗竭在不合规任务与员工工作绩效间中介作用的负向调节效应不显著。本研究的结论为企业进行员工压力和任务管理,提高工作绩效提供实践指导。     

Delegation,Skill Acquisition and Turnover Costs

The delegation of tasks to a subordinate and his access to key firm resources allow an organization to make optimal use of his knowledge and ability, but at the same time, thanks to on‐the‐job learning and the possibility of expropriation of these resources, this might increase the agent’s outside options. We model these risks as an increase in the quit propensity of the agent which determines higher turnover costs for the firm. The choice of the degree of delegation a principal offers to her subordinate is analyzed taking into account its benefits and costs. We show that the level of delegation is influenced by the principal’s and the agent’s abilities, but it is lower the higher turnover costs are and the lower the degree of specificity of human capital is or the higher the degree of expropriability of resources is. Finally, bureaucratic rules establishing the documentation of the agent’s activity are seen as a device to reduce turnover costs and to allow more delegation.     

Is it ‘you’ or ‘your workplace’? Predictors of job‐related training in the Anglo‐American world

This paper examines the determinants of job‐related training and workplace voice. Using data from a unique 2016 cross‐national survey of Australian, British, Canadian and American employees, the paper contrasts two classic formulations in the literature; (1) the neoclassical/human capital approach which predicts that individual characteristics (such as age and education) which increase the efficiency of learning, will have the largest impact on the allocation of training (i.e. younger and more educated employees will be afforded training) and (2) the traditional institutional approach which favors the structural characteristics present at the industry and firm level, the nature of the job itself and the strategic choices of firms as the major predictors of job‐related training. We find that age – a key factor in the human capital model – plays a significant role in the allocation of training but that education (in keeping with recent evidence) does not. In sum the human capital model provides, at best, only a partial explanation for the differences in training observed across individuals. In contrast, variables invoked by the institutional literature (i.e. occupation level; industry; ownership type; and market structure) are highly significant and account for a much greater proportion of the variance in training observed across workers. Other institutional factors such as the presence of a union and a human resource department were strong positive predictors of job‐related training. But most important were product‐market strategy and employee voice. Respondents working in firms utilizing a ‘high road/high quality’ product/service strategy and with a workplace consultative committee were significantly more likely to receive training than similar workers employed in observably similar firms. This last finding supports the industrial relations view of voice as an important channel by which training is optimally delivered inside the firm.     

Dual boundary spanning: Toward a typology of outside‐in open innovation in the Canadian context

The extant literature runs short in understanding openness of innovation regarding and the different pathways along which internal and external knowledge resources can be combined. This study proposes a unique typology for outside‐in innovations based on two distinct ways of boundary spanning: whether an innovation idea is created internally or externally and whether an innovation process relies on external knowledge resources. This yields four possible types of innovation, which represent the nuanced variation of outside‐in innovations. Using historical data from Canada for 1945–1980, this study unveils different implications of these innovation types for different levels of innovation novelty. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive Performance: A New Scale to Measure Individual Performance in Organizations

As a component of overall employee performance, adaptive performance refers to the ability of an individual to change his or her behaviour to meet the demands of a new environment. The concept is relevant to firms that face especially complex and volatile business conditions. Research and practice have been hampered by a general lack of a widely available, psychometrically sound, multidimensional scale of adaptive performance that is applicable across a wide range of job contexts. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we develop and evaluate a 19‐item scale measuring five dimensions of adaptive performance. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is job control always beneficial? Exploring its nonlinearity in creativity and in-role performance

This study draws on resource allocation theory to examine the relationship between job control and two kinds of job performance, namely employee creativity and in-role performance, as well as to investigate whether supervisor encouragement of creativity moderates these two potentially nonlinear relationships. To test the proposed model, we collected data from 234 employees in Indonesia. The results show that job control has an inverted U-shaped relationship with employee creativity, but a U-shaped relationship with in-role performance. Supervisor encouragement of creativity moderates both relationships, such that the control–creativity relationship becomes U-shaped, while the control–in-role performance relationship becomes inverted U-shaped when supervisor encouragement of creativity is high. Implications for managers on how to provide resources to employees are discussed.     

家庭式迁移农民工工作特征和家庭特征的量表开发及其应用——基于浙江省的调研

在文献阅读、访谈研究的基础上,基于工作要求—资源模型设计出用来测量家庭式迁移农民工工作特征和家庭特征的量表,并用它对由外省以家庭形式迁移至浙江省及以家庭形式在浙江省内跨县(市)迁移的农民工进行调查,研究结果表明:他们的工作要求、工作资源、家庭要求都包括四个维度,家庭资源则包括三个维度;工作要求各维度的平均值普遍小于工作资源各维度的平均值,家庭要求各维度的平均值均小于家庭资源各维度的平均值,但工作资源、家庭资源平均值都只处于中偏高水平。     

Workplace risks and stressors as predictors of burnout: The moderating impact of job control and team efficacy

Air medical healthcare (AMH) professionals care for critically-ill individuals while conveying them to healthcare centres from distant, and frequently dangerous, locations. AMH professionals experience additional health and safety issues beyond the “typical” stressors faced by other healthcare professionals. Therefore, we integrated the safety and psychosocial health literatures to examine the relationship between workplace stressors (risk perception, worries, and patient-care barriers) and two components of burnout (emotional exhaustion; depersonalization), and the moderating impact of job control and team efficacy for 106 Canadian AMH professionals. Worries over medical hassles and barriers to patient care uniquely predicted emotional exhaustion. Lack of perceived control over one's job was related to exhaustion and depersonalization after controlling for stressors. Job control and team efficacy buffered some of the stressor-burnout relationships. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国企业自主创新的障碍与对策分析

本文认为,当前我国缺乏创新人才,企业远未成为创新主体,国家创新战略存在偏颇与失误,风险投资机制远未建立和完善。这成为我国企业自主创新能力提升的关键性障碍,严重制约了我国经济增长与国际竞争力的提升。文章指出,为培育和提升我国企业自主创新能力,一要进行人才机制创新、管理机制创新及动力与激励机制创新,二要进行创新体系的结构优化、产业结构的调整优化与引进技术的结构优化。     

创新人力资源管理提升国有商业银行核心竞争力

本文认为,人力资源管理创新是技术创新和组织结构创新的基础,强化人力资源管理创新,提高人力资源管理能力,是提升国有商业银行核心竞争力的当务之急和根本途径。国有商业银行人力资源管理创新,第一,要变传统的人事管理为现代化的人力资源管理;第二,要建立符合现代企业制度的用人机制,不断调整优化员工结构,推行员工等级制;第三,要建立健全科学的教育培训体系和机制,树立正确的“人财观”,培训一专多能的复合型人才;第四,要建立科学的绩效考核体系和多元化的薪酬体系,实现薪酬的内部公平;第五,要打造“以人为本”的企业文化,增强凝聚力,激发员工潜力,实现国有商业银行和员工的共同发展。     

How On‐the‐Job Embeddedness Influences New Venture Creation and Growth

This study aims to answer why some employees choose to start their own ventures, whereas others choose to seek jobs in other organizations after leaving their current employment. Drawing insights from knowledge‐based view and social capital theory, we examine the impact of on‐the‐job embeddedness on the decision of employee entrepreneurship, industry choice, and new venture growth. We argue that on‐the‐job embeddedness provides key resources for employees to start new ventures and grow them. We test our hypotheses with Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) data. Our results show that on‐the‐job embeddedness increases the probability of employees becoming entrepreneurs. Once they decide to become entrepreneurs, those employees with high on‐the‐job embeddedness are more likely to start new ventures in the industry in which they worked before. Moreover, employees' on‐the‐job embeddedness has a positive impact on new venture growth.     

中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策

人力资源管理工作的好坏关系到我国中小企业的未来发展。目前,我国中小企业人力资源管理中存在的主要问题有人力资源短缺、对员工的培训严重不足、对人力资源尤其是主要的技术和管理人员的激励乏力以及人力资源配置随意性大等。为此,文章就确立人才制胜和以人为本的观念,做好人力资源管理的建章立制工作,构筑吸引、凝聚人才的平台．做好人力资源的培训工作以及建立一套行之有效的激励机制等方面进行了探析。