东北地区旅游资源赋存演化特征与旅游业空间重构

基于东北地区2002、2007、2013年A级旅游景区数据,采用多样化指数、等级结构金字塔、品质度、最邻近点指数、点密度分析、不平衡指数等数理与空间分析方法,探讨了东北地区旅游资源赋存的时空演化状况,研究发现:1从数理演化特征来看,东北地区旅游资源类型丰度缓慢提升,同时省际差异较为显著;旅游资源等级体系呈"中间等级数量丰富,低、高端景区缺乏"的纺锤形结构,且伴随旅游景区数量及属性结构比例变化,纺锤形结构呈现"结构破缺—平衡稳定—重心偏离"的演变特征;旅游资源品质度整体呈上升趋势,但增长速率省际分异明显。2从空间演化特征来看,东北地区旅游资源空间分布具有凝聚型特征,景区省际空间分布演变对东北全局没有必然影响;2002年以来旅游资源集聚热点不断增多,景区分布盲区不断消亡,集聚格局由单核空间扩张向跨行政区重组联动发展;旅游资源分布不平衡指数呈下降趋势,景区空间集聚态势逐步弱化,扩散化倾向不断加强。在上述研究结果的基础上,从旅游产业轴带、旅游产业圈层、旅游产业组团三种模式出发,提出了东北地区旅游产业空间的重构构想。     

小浪底旅游业发展条件浅析

针对小浪底景区的旅游发展条件,运用SWOT分析法,从知名度、产业链、基础设施、区位等方面分析其优势;从体制、空间、产品等方面分析其劣势;从发展战略、区域辐射等方面分析其机遇;从竞争态势分析其威胁,从而为小浪底景区旅游业的长远规划提供依据。     

江西旅游供给状况分析

从基本旅游供给的内容出发,对2009年江西旅行社行业、旅游饭店业以及旅游景区状况进行分析,并结合游客对江西旅游服务和设施的评价,综合分析江西旅游市场供给状况。     

伏牛山旅游发展空间差异研究

伏牛山是我国中部地区一座重要的山岳旅游目的地,由于行政区域的分割和旅游业发展中的政府主导作用,在开发过程中形成的三大旅游板块,之间存在着旅游资源条件、旅游产品等级、类型、数量和垄断性以及发展阶段的差异。因此伏牛山旅游必须走差异化发展与一体化发展相结合的道路,其中旅游产品的创新是差异化发展的根本;管理体制创新、旅游交通网络化建设、整体旅游品牌形象的树立是一体化发展的保证。     

河南省A级旅游景区空间分布特征分析

利用地统计分析方法和GIS空间分析工具,从定量和定性两方面探讨了河南省175个A级旅游景区的空间分布结构,分析了河南省A级旅游景区的空间分布规律.结果表明:①河南省A级旅游景区的空间分布类型属于凝聚型,区域分布均衡性很低,区域间差异较大,高密度区域为开封、洛阳地区;②河南省A级旅游景区分布呈现空间不平衡的特征,符合河南省旅游资源“弓箭式”的战略发展布局;③河南省A级旅游景区分布受其地理位置、交通条件、景区地域组合条件和经济发展水平的影响.     

珠三角旅游资源竞争力与旅游业发展水平的效度分析

珠三角区间旅游资源评价选取8个指标,8个指标分重点景区、综合景区和特色景区三种类型;旅游业发展水平评价从旅游市场、旅游企业状况、社会环境状况三个方面选取了5个评价指标,然后利用熵权和TOPSIS法对珠三角区间旅游资源竞争力与旅游业发展水平进行绩效对比,研究表明:①具有稀缺性且较高等级旅游资源的城市竞争力单向排名靠前,但综合排名不一定靠前,如江门因为有世界遗产,所以在重点景区层次权重获得最大值,但江门旅游资源整体竞争力却排第四。②珠三角城市旅游资源综合竞争力排名最高的为深圳,其次为广州,两地并列为旅游资源第一等级;惠州、江门、肇庆3城市以自然旅游资源为主,竞争力得分值低于1.5,高于1.0,可归为第二等级;佛山、东莞、珠海、中山为旅游资源欠缺地区,得分值都低于1.0,为第三等级。③广州、深圳旅游业发展水平最高,珠海与江门次之,Ci值都在0.25以上,且非常接近;肇庆、惠州、佛山、东莞Ci值都低于0.2,中山排最后;④旅游资源开发效度最好的是珠海、广州,两者效度值G都达到2,深圳次之,超过1,说明旅游资源与旅游业匹配非常好;江门、东莞、佛山、肇庆4城市G值超过0.5,中山、惠州2城市G值排名最后,低于0.5,以上6个城市旅游业发展水平都未能匹配好当地旅游资源价值,旅游业还可以大力开发与建设。     

乡村旅游地游客情感时空特征及影响因素——以婺源为例

文章以婺源县33个乡村旅游地为案例地,以游客网络评论为数据源,绘制游客情感地图,分析乡村旅游地游客情感的时空特征,并利用地理探测器测定其影响因素。研究发现：(1)在空间特征上,游客高情感值主要分布在婺源的东部和北部地区,情感热度自东部、北部向中部和西部逐渐减弱,呈现出“二核三次多从”的分布格局,核心—边缘特征明显。(2)在时间特征上,游客情感值在不同月份有一定的波动性;情感高值常常伴随着季节性景观的展现和相应的季节性活动的开展而出现,呈现出时间上的同步性;游客情感均值月度波动程度反映了乡村旅游发展的相对成熟度。(3)乡村旅游地游客情感受到旅游资源禀赋、旅游交通与住宿、旅游政策与服务和游客个性化特征等因素的综合影响,其中高级别旅游景区的数量、旅游交通的距离、旅游信息平台的数量是控制性影响因子。     

旅游区域的城市与景区空间匹配及其实践意义

城市和景区是区域旅游网络中两个基本节点,它们之间关系紧密,包含多种空间匹配关系。数量关系上由一对一匹配、一对多匹配、多对一匹配、多对多匹配构成;等级关系上由正位匹配和倒位匹配构成;距离关系上由城区城郊型、一日游型、离散型构成;几何分布关系上由点轴匹配和面状匹配构成;管理匹配关系上由同位管理匹配和异位管理匹配构成。分析城市与景区空间匹配组合特征,对于寻找合理的景区依托城镇、采取正确的区域旅游发展战略等都具有重要的实践意义。     

重庆市星级饭店空间布局分析

通过分析重庆市38个区县的星级饭店空间分布,发现重庆市不同星级的饭店在数量上呈菱形("◇")分布,高星级饭店发展极不均衡,中、低档饭店相对均匀。而影响这些星级饭店空间分布的主要因素有地区经济因素、消费者因素、旅游景区数量、交通设施、当地居民收入、旅游收入、旅行社数量等。     

“丝绸之路旅游带”景区区位优势等级测度与影响机理

景区区位条件是旅游空间行为规划的基础。针对当前主流测度模型中"非此即彼"问题,以"丝绸之路旅游带"为例,基于旅游资源、旅游市场、旅游交通、旅游服务四大特征指数构建景区区位优势度测度模型,引入D-S证据理论对景区区位优势等级进行评价,并系统探究其影响机理。结果显示:"丝绸之路旅游带"5A级景区区位优势等级体系呈现"结构破缺—重心偏离—波动显著"的特征;景区区位优势等级空间格局具有较高的交通指向性和中心性;不同区域景区区位优势等级差异明显,制约因子不同;景区区位优势等级空间分布受自然和人文因素共同影响,其中资源禀赋、地形地貌是内生因素,社会经济、交通条件是外部推动力。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.