浅谈商品期货价格对我国宏观经济的影响与对策

抑制通货膨胀、防止资产价格泡沫、提高货币政策的前瞻性与有效性是中央银行的主要目标之一.商品期货指数是预期通货膨胀的有效指标之一,在国民经济中起着预警的作用.文章论述期货市场的价格发现功能,探讨商品期货价格指数的编制方法,实证分析其与CPI宏观经济变量之间的关系,提出将商品期货价格指数作为宏观经济检测与预期通货膨胀的重要指标,作为控制通货膨胀货币政策的信息变量,进一步提高货币政策操作的有效性.     

商品期货价格期限结构隐含交易策略信息的实证研究

本文采用静态和滚动主成分分析的方法对最具代表性的9个品种商品期货价格期限结构进行了分析,得出我国商品期货价格期限结构变动的3个主要特征:曲线的平移、斜率的变化以及曲率的变化。在揭示不同变动方式的信息价值的基础上,本文提出多头、多头或者空头、多空平衡3种交易策略,并通过构建两个商品组合与基准持有策略收益进行了比较分析。结果表明,基于商品期货价格期限结构的隐含信息而构建的交易策略收益显著超过基准持有策略的收益。这对于交易者制定正确的交易策略具有重要的意义。     

国外著名商品指数编制比较及其对我国的启示

商品期货指数,是商品期货的金融化,是期货市场发展到一定阶段的必然产物。为了更好编制和开发我国商品指数及其衍生品,本文对国外著名商品指数的编制方法从编制目的和原则、品种选择、权重设计、合约选择、指数计算等五个方面进行全方位比较研究,进而提出编制我国相关商品指数的总体思路。     

CRB对我国CPI价格指数的关系引导性研究

本文基于1996-2009年的时间序列数据,对国际商品期货价格指数(CRB)与我国消费者价格指数(CPI)的引导关系进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:国际商品期货价格指数(CRB)对我国消费者价格指数(CPI)在8个月内存在着因果关系,国际商品期货价格指数(CRB)可以对我国消费者价格指数(CPI)进行预测.随着我国开放程度增加,国际商品期货价格指数(CRB)对我国消费者价格指数(CPI)引导关系的范围逐渐扩大.     

我国黄金期货市场价格影响因素研究

近期黄金价格出现跌潮,黄金期货市场价格受到影响,对我国黄金期货市场价格研究,能完善我国黄金期货市场,发挥其避险功能,具有重要的参考价值。本文对黄金期货价格影响因素运用多因素实证分析进行探究,结果表明黄金现货价格、纽约黄金期货价格、石油指数和美元指数对黄金期货价格变动贡献率较大。     

基本金属期货价格季节性分析

一些商品的价格由于季节的变动会产生规律性的变化,如在供应淡季或者消费旺季时价格高企,而在供应旺季或者消费淡季时价格低落,这一现象就是大宗商品的季节性波动规律.本文以铜、铝等基本金属为研究对象,运用季节性图表法和改进的相对关联法计算各品种的季节性指数,分析了各品种季节性特征出现的基本面因素,对其不同月份的价格表现进行了基本评价,得出了商品期货价格运行的季节性规律,提出基础交易建议,为中长线投资者提供参考     

我国工业品期货价格指数与PPI关系的实证研究

通过应用协整检验和Granger因果关系检验的计量方法,对我国工业品期货价格指数与工业生产者出厂价格指数（PPI）的关系进行实证研究,研究表明我国工业品期货价格指数与PPI存在长期稳定的比例关系,并且我国工业品期货价格指数的变动引导PPI的变化。随后通过对我国工业品期货价格指数与PPI的交叉相关系数检验,进一步验证了工业品期货价格指数领先PPI变动,并且领先2个月,因此得出结论我国工业品期货价格指数可以对PPI变动进行预警,在一定程度上,可以作为我国宏观政策制定与调整的重要的先行指标。     

我国小麦和大豆期货市场价格发现功能的实证分析

期货市场以其价格发现功能而处于市场机制的核心地位,其价格信息为宏观决策和微观经济活动提供依据和参考.目前我国期货市场正步入新的发展期,研究期货市场上主要商品的价格发现功能情况具有重要意义.本文选取了我国商品期货市场上小麦和大豆两个期货品种的期货价格和现货价格数据,并以协整为基础的一系列计量经济学方法对两类价格之间进行了实证检验,结果显示我国的小麦期货市场不具有价格发现功能,而大豆期货市场具有此功能.为此进一步分析了两个市场表现不同的原因,并提出完善我国农产品市场运行机制的相关政策建议.     

中国商品期货指数与GDP指数的关系研究

本文在借鉴国内外商品期货指数编制方法的基础上,编制了我国商品期货指数.基于1998-2005 年的时间序列数据,对我国商品期货指数与GDP指数之间的超前滞后关系进行了实证研究,研究结果表明在样本区间内存在商品期货指数到GDP指数的因果关系,其先行时间达2个月.我国商品期货指数与GDP指数两者之间存在长期均衡关系,但是期货市场的价格发现功能依然存在某些缺陷.因此,应当进一步完善我国的期货市场,使商品期货指数成为监测我国经济景气的指示器.     

我国铜业上市公司股票价格与铜期货价格关系的实证研究

近年来,资源类股票价格和商品期货价格之间表现出越来越强的联动性,本文从沪铜期货价格和铜业上市公司股票价格的关系这一角度,运用计量经济学方法进行实证检验,以期明确资源类股票价格和期货价格的内在关系。     

Long Memory In Futures Prices

This paper tests for fractional roots in the futures prices for selected commodities, foreign currencies, and stock indexes. The fractional testing method is the spectral regression method suggested by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983). The empirical results suggest the presence of a fractional exponent in the differencing process for several commodity and foreign currency futures prices. The returns series for these commodities and currencies exhibit long range positive dependence. However, differencing of exact order one is sufficient for the stock index futures prices. Implications are drawn concerning theoretical and econometric modeling and price forecasting.     

Investor structure and the informational efficiency of commodity futures prices

This article investigates the impact of the trading positions of hedgers (i.e., producers, merchants, processors, or users of a commodity), speculators (i.e., commodity pool operators, trading advisors, or hedge funds), and swap dealers on the price formation process in the agricultural, metal, and energy futures markets. The hedgers' relative positions exert negative impacts on price efficiency in commodity futures markets. Hedgers are less likely to be information motivated, so their trading delays the price formation process. However, speculators' positions have positive impacts on price efficiency because speculators correct pricing errors. This study also offers evidence that the role of swap dealers, similar to speculators in futures markets, is to provide liquidity and cross-market arbitrage. These findings highlight the role of producers, hedge funds, and swap dealers in price formation processes in commodity futures—information that is beneficial to academics, practitioners, and regulators.     

海外TRAKRS期货合约发展创新及借鉴

TRAKRS期货合约是国外期货市场于2002年推出的一种追踪商品与商品指数、股票指数与债券指数、货币、汇率和其他金融工具的新型期货品种，是国际商品期货市场和金融期货市场发展到较高程度以后出现的金融创新产品。本文在研究国外TRAKRS期货合约的基础上，探讨我国期货市场创新发展TRAKRS产品的主要途径。     

信息传导与市场整合——基于商品期货上市的准自然实验

从制度设计上打破市场分割、促进市场整合,对提高市场效率、促进经济有序健康发展具有重要意义。本文以商品期货上市作为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,实证检验了商品期货上市交易对现货商品市场价格整合的影响。研究发现,现货商品市场价格整合程度在相应商品期货上市后显著提升,这是因为商品期货上市显著地促进了价格信息在全国范围内的传导,且这种提升效应主要体现在价格信息传导比较顺畅的地区。此外,商品期货上市提高了现货商品市场价格同步性,缓解了现货商品价格信息滞后程度,降低了现货商品交易成本。进一步研究发现,商品期货市场的交易信息质量越高,越有利于提高现货商品市场的整合程度。本研究为当前我国建设全国统一大市场提供了一定参考。     

Does the stock market drive herd behavior in commodity futures markets?

This paper contributes to the debate on commodity financialization by extending tests of herd behavior to commodity futures markets. Utilizing a regime-switching model, we test the presence of herd behavior in a number of commodity sectors including energy, metals, grains and livestock during the low and high market volatility states. We find significant evidence of herd behavior in grains only during the high volatility state. We also find that large price movements in the energy and metal sectors significantly contribute to herd behavior in the market for grains. Finally, we find no significant effect of the stock market on herd behavior in the commodity futures market. Our findings in general do not support the much debated commodity financialization hypothesis.     

Predictability of structural co-movement in commodity prices: the role of technical indicators

This paper investigates the financialization and structural co-movement of several commodity futures using factor variance decomposition and predictability of technical indicators and macro variables. We find that financialization is still a dominant player in the commodity market and that recent commodity price fluctuations can be significantly and robustly forecasted by technical analyses of commodity index investments. Moreover, the co-movement of commodities is demonstrated by variance decomposition and explained as commodity index investment, which provides evidence of financialization. The overall empirical analysis reveals that technical indicators and macro variables can statistically and economically forecast the indexed investment and off-index trading, respectively, which indicates that they are suitable predictors of the commodity markets.     

Commodity price modelling that matches current observables: a new approach

We develop a stochastic model of the spot commodity price and the spot convenience yield such that the model matches the current term structure of forward and futures prices, the current term structure of forward and futures volatilities, and the inter-temporal pattern of the volatility of the forward and futures prices. We let the underlying commodity price be a geometric Brownian motion and we let the spot convenience yield have a mean-reverting structure. The flexibility of the model, which makes it possible to simultaneously achieve all these goals, comes from allowing the volatility of the spot commodity price, the speed of mean-reversion parameter, the mean-reversion parameter, and the diffusion parameter of the spot convenience yield all to be time-varying deterministic functions.     

The Stochastic Behavior of Commodity Prices: Implications for Valuation and Hedging

In this article we compare three models of the stochastic behavior of commodity prices that take into account mean reversion, in terms of their ability to price existing futures contracts, and their implication with respect to the valuation of other financial and real assets. The first model is a simple one-factor model in which the logarithm of the spot price of the commodity is assumed to follow a mean reverting process. The second model takes into account a second stochastic factor, the convenience yield of the commodity, which is assumed to follow a mean reverting process. Finally, the third model also includes stochastic interest rates. The Kalman filter methodology is used to estimate the parameters of the three models for two commercial commodities, copper and oil, and one precious metal, gold. The analysis reveals strong mean reversion in the commercial commodity prices. Using the estimated parameters, we analyze the implications of the models for the term structure of futures prices and volatilities beyond the observed contracts, and for hedging contracts for future delivery. Finally, we analyze the implications of the models for capital budgeting decisions.     

Quantification of the high level of endogeneity and of structural regime shifts in commodity markets

We propose a “reflexivity” index that quantifies the relative importance of short-term endogeneity for several commodity futures markets (corn, oil, soybean, sugar, and wheat) and a benchmark equity futures market (E-mini S&P 500), from mid-2000s to October 2012. Our reflexivity index is defined as the average ratio of the number of price moves that are due to endogenous interactions to the total number of all price changes, which also include exogenous events. It is obtained by calibrating the Hawkes self-excited conditional Poisson model on time series of price changes. The Hawkes model accounts simultaneously for the co-existence and interplay between the exogenous impact of news and the endogenous mechanism by which past price changes may influence future price changes. Our robustness tests show that our index provides a ‘pure’ measure of endogeneity that is independent of the rate of activity, order size, volume or volatility. We find an overall increase of the reflexivity index since the mid-2000s to October 2012, which implies that at least 60–70 percent of commodity price changes are now due to self-generated activities rather than novel information, compared to 20–30 percent earlier. While our reflexivity index is defined on short-time windows (10–30 min) and thus does not capture long-term memory, we discover striking coincidence between its dynamics and that of the price hikes and abrupt falls that developed since 2006 and culminated in early 2009.