贫困乡镇财源建设之我见

笔者根据对奉节县甲高区财政现状的调查，就如何抓好贫困乡镇财源建设的问题作一浅探讨。甲高区位于奉节县西部、长江南岸，辖6乡2镇、88个行政村、2相居委会，1999年全区人均工农业总产值1480元（其中农业总产值占74％），人均财政收入32．5元，远远低于全国、重庆市、奉节县的人均财政收入水平。自1988年实财政包干体制至1994年，财政收入年平均增长速度21．73％，财政支出年平均增长速度31．31％；1994年（实行分税制）至199年，财政收入年平均增长速度23．21％，财政支出年平均增长速度34．69％。截止1999年底，累计赤字已达423．3万元，财政赤字严重，财政工作步履艰难，呈现出较为严重的“恶性循环”，贫困的山区与贫穷的财政相互影响，互为因果。其具体表现：一是财源建设滞后，特别是骨干中坚财源未能育成；二是财政负担的政治性支出与日俱增，加剧了财政的脆弱性或不稳定性，如1996年因支出增加因素较多，当年赤字达172．4万元；三是财政承受能力弱，生产性投入少，严重制约着经济的发展。出现这一严峻形势的关键就在于经济发展落后，财源建设不力，后劲不足。要扭转这一局面的根本出路就是解放思想、更新观念，加大投入、强化管理，加快经济发展速度，加快财源建设步伐。     

立体车库：城市静态交通发展之必然

一、立体车库在城市静态交通中的作用 国务院发展研究中心目前预测，我国将进入汽车拥有率迅速上升时期，到2010年，汽车保有量达到7167万辆，年平均增长15．2％，轿车保有量达2070万辆，年平均增长16．3％。按照目前汽车使用状况，将有50％车辆行驶在城市中。如不采取措施，机动车保有量的迅速增长与城市停车场建设滞后的矛盾将十分突出，“停车难”的问题将越演越烈。     

辽宁区域经济协调发展的探讨

辽宁经济在经过“九五”期间的较低速增长之后(GDP年均增长9．5％)，“十五”开局以来，国民经济和社会发展取得了长足进步，GDP由2000年的4669．1亿元增加到2003年的6002．5亿元，年均增长10．2％。特别是实施振兴东北地区等老工业基地战略，给辽宁带来了难得的、发展机遇，国民经济进入了快速发展的新阶段。2004年1-9月，全省生产总值同比增长12．1％，预计全年可实现12％的增长速度，这是近10年来辽宁经济增长的新高。     

建设富裕、宜居、和谐、文明、智慧、活力大庆开创现代化国际城市建设的新局面

2012年是实施“十二五”规划的承上启下之年，是建设现代化国际化城市的开局起步之年。经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：全市地区生产总值增长12％。地方财政收入增长22％，固定资产投资增长35％．城镇居民人均可支配收入超过25000元，农村居民人均纯收入突破10000元。万元GDP综合能耗下降3．5％。     

对居民储蓄增长快于收入增长的思考

一、居民储蓄增长快于收入增长的现实 近些年来,居民储蓄存款保持了快速增长:1995～2002年,城乡储蓄存款余额(指人民币储蓄存款余额)从29662亿元增长至86911亿元,年平均增长16.6％,远高于同期GDP的增长速度(8.5％);人均     

独辟蹊径天地宽──青冈县发展创税型农业的调查

青冈县是全省乃至全国有名的贫困县。1993年全县财政收入仅有2800万元，农民人均纯收入也只有750元。然而仅仅经过三年时间，青冈县却发生了引人注目的变比：1996年，全县财政收入实现7028万元，比1993年增长2．5倍，年平均递增35．9％；农民人均纯收入达到2041元，比1993年增长了近两倍，一举摘掉了“财政赤字”和“贫困县”两顶帽子，全县各项经济事业呈现了蓬勃发展的良好势头。青冈县何以在短短的几年里发生了如此大的变化？在调查中，我们发现：1994年到1996年，全县财政收人增长部分的82％、农民人均纯收入增长部分的89．6％均来自农…     

温州房地产市场运行情况分析

温州1998年房地产复苏至今年已经历了7个黄金年。房地产开发投资从1998年的39亿元增加到今年的136亿元，年均增长21．6％，房地产投资占全市GDP的11％、占全社会固定资产投资的30．1％、占全市第三产业的38．1％。房屋施工面积从1998年622万平方米，增加到今年的1900万平方米，增长300％以上，商品房价格在市区7年平均每年增长19．8％，房地产市场异常火爆，供需矛盾十分突出。     

“十一五”我国企业工资变化特点

一、城镇单位企业在岗职工工资保持较快增长2005年我国城镇单位企业在岗职工人均工资水平为17853元，2010年增加到36256元，为“十五”期末的2倍。“十一五”期间，城镇单位企业在岗职工平均工资年均递增15．2％。扣除城市居民消费物价影响后，实际工资年均递增12．1％。这一增长速度除了低于“十五”时期外，     

乡镇企业经济发展趋势探析

改革开放以来,乡镇企业迅猛发展,对于国民经济持续、快速、健康发展,发挥了重要作用。1997年,全国乡镇企业经济增长17．45％,增加值达20740亿元,占国民经济增加值总额的27．7％。1998年乡镇企业必须保持18％的经济增长速度,才能保证全国国民经济实现8％的增长速度。按照“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要,国民经济年平均增长8％,到2000年国内生产总值达到85000亿元,比“八五”期末净增27267亿元。乡镇企业经济年平均增长15％,到2000年增加值达到30000亿元,比“八五”期末净增15465亿元。这样,到2000年,全国国内生产总值净增部…     

去年沪京浙农民人均纯收入逾5000元

全国农村住户抽样调查资料显示，2003年我国农民收入人均为2622元，比上年增加146元，扣除价格因素影响，实际增长4．3％。这意味着在“十五”计划的前三年，继2001年增长4．2％、2002年增长4．8％之后，2003年的全国农民人均收入增长速度再一次保持在4％～5％之间。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.