1-2月稻米市场应节而升

据农业部市场预警系统监测,生产方面:2004年我国稻谷生产出现恢复性增长。预计2005年稻谷面积将在上年的基础上有所增加。进出口方面:2004年,我国大米进口量大幅增长,出口量明显萎缩,但仍保持净出口格局。2004年累计进口76.63万吨,比上年增长2.72倍;累计出口90.90万吨,比上年下降65.1%;净出口14.27万吨。2005年1月份,进口大米6.90万吨,比上月下降24.4%,同比下降5.76%;出口7.41万吨,比上月增长3.6%,同比下降64.7%;净出口大米0.51万吨。2005年1月份,我国大米进口主要来自泰国(占88.7%),其次是越南(占11.2%);出口目的地主要是韩国(占50.4%)、俄…     

东北、内蒙古地区木材供需状况的实证研究

研究了近年来中国东北、内蒙古地区木材供需的发展状况。2005年该区域的木材供给量为4 066.91万m3,其中区域内木材产量占木材总供给量的67%,进口木材占总供给量的33%。2005年区域木材需求量为3 986.57万m3,其中满足区域内的需求占48%,满足区域外的需求占32%,满足国外的需求占20%。实证研究表明:东北、内蒙古地区的木材供给能够满足本地区及区域外甚至出口的需求,如果不考虑区域外及国外的需求,仅东北、内蒙古地区的木材产量也还是能够满足本地区经济建设需求的。     

发展能源农业 加快新农村建设——襄樊市利用红薯生产燃料乙醇大有作为

随着国民经济的快速发展,我国能源问题,尤其是石油问题,已经成为制约国民经济发展的重要问题。2003年和2004年,我国原油进口量比上年分别增加31.3%和34.8%,2005年我国原油进口量达18150万吨,比2004年增长3.7%。石油对外依存度由2003年的35.8%上升到2005年的42.9%。自2003年以来,我国成为继美国之后的第二大石油消费国。按照国际通常标准,当一国的石油进口超过5000万吨时,国际市场的行情变化,就会影响该国的国民经济运行;当进口量超过1亿吨以后,就要考虑采取外交、经济和军事措施,以保证石油安全。解决石油过度依赖进口局面,保障国民经济发展…     

农业部发布2005年8月农产品市场监测信息

进出口方面:1-7月份,我国累计进口油料1521万吨,同比增加36.7%。其中,进口大豆1500万吨,增长39.1%;进口油菜籽14.4万吨,下降42.8%。累计出口油料89万吨,同比增长29.6%。其中,出口花生48.8万吨,增长24.1%。累计进口食用植物油349万吨,同比下降9.7%。其中,进口豆油94万吨,下降41.4%;进口菜籽油13.2万吨,下降44.4%;进口棕榈油241万吨,增长21.2%。国内供求判断:预计2005/06年度国内油料供给比较充裕。2004/05年度国内食油供给相对过剩,库存压力增加;预计2005/06年度新增供给量不足当年消费量,需要消耗库存弥补,食油期末库存将比上年度下降,但仍…     

原木统计分类与中国进口品种结构分析

中国原木的增长需求主要通过进口来满足,进口品种结构中针叶原木进口数量明显大于阔叶原木进口数量,进口金额阔叶原木则大于针叶原木。应该密切关注俄罗斯关税政策对针叶材出口的限制及不利影响。长期来看,针叶原木和阔叶原木的进口需求有增无减,原材料成本上升将会促使价格增长,其对于国内相关产业的影响将是长期的。依赖于国际市场少数主要来源国的资源供给对于中国资源安全和整个林业产业安全是不利的。     

重庆都市区食物虚拟水核算与评价

基于虚拟水理论,核算了2001—2010年重庆都市区食物生产与消费的虚拟水,选取食物虚拟水自给率、食物虚拟水进口依赖度和食物虚拟水压力指数3个指标对其评价。结果显示:①食物虚拟水生产量逐年下降,由2001年的20.05亿m3下降到2010年的17.26亿m3;食物虚拟水消费量由2001年的35.43亿m3增长到2010年的43.54亿m3;食物虚拟水净进口量在2001—2004年之间呈下降趋势,2005年后逐年上升,由2005年的16.39亿m3增长到26.29亿m3。②重庆都市区食物虚拟水进口依赖度较高,食物虚拟水自给率逐年下降,食物虚拟水压力指数大于100%。③在保证足够的生产能力条件下,从区外进口食物虚拟水是社会经济可持续发展的保障。     

2005年12月稻米市场监测信息

生产方面:初步预计2005年稻谷总产量比上年增长。其中,早稻产量减产,中晚稻产量增长。进出口方面:11月份,我国大米进口5.13万吨,比上月增长31.2%,同比下降8.4%;出口4.62万吨,比上月增长58.4%,同比增长69.3%。1-11月累计,进口41.68万吨,同比下降38.2%;出口61.85万吨,同比下降26.     

2005年12月大豆市场监测信息

生产方面:2005年全国大豆种植面积略减,气候总体上对大豆生长有利,预计大豆总产比上年有所增长。进出口方面:(一)大豆。1-11份累计进口2398万吨,同比增长33.0%。其中,累计从美国进口911万吨,增长11.3%;从巴西进口738万吨,增长34.2%;从阿根廷进口730万吨,增长68.2%。另外,前11个     

中国2005年夏粮产量达2025亿斤

中国2005年夏粮产量达2025亿斤,同比增加102亿斤,增长5.1%;夏收小麦产量预计增长5%左右。中国农业部消息称,预计2005/06年度,由于小麦产量增长而进口减少,小麦新增供给比2004/05年度略增,消费总量将比2004/05年度减少,当年新增供给量不能满足消费,期末库存比2004/05年度降低,但降幅减小,库存消费比处于安全范围。     

莱芜姜蒜出口创新高

2005年山东省莱芜市农副产品出口6902万美元,增长46.4%,创历史最高水平。长期受限制的生姜及姜制品出口额达3629万美元,大蒜出口额2116万美元,分别比2004年增长39.4%和69%。农副产品出口额占全市出口总额的10.5%,对全市出口增长的贡献率为5%。农产品大幅出口的主要原因是标准化     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.