基于双因素理论谈高校辅导员的管理

高校辅导员是高校教师队伍的重要组成部分,他们在加强大学生德育教育等方面起到了十分积极的作用。合理激励高校辅导员有助于大学生德育教育的开展。文章从赫兹伯格的双因素理论出发,着重分析了高校辅导员的现状,从激励角度对高校辅导员的管理提出了对策建议。     

Efficiency evaluation for higher education institutions in China considering unbalanced regional development: A meta-frontier Super-SBM model

The development of higher education institutions (HEIs) is related to the future overall development of higher education in China. Studying the efficiency of provincial HEIs in China has great significance in deepening the reform of higher education evaluation, promoting coordinated regional development, and building a country powerful in its higher education. Based on the Super-SBM method, this paper creatively integrates meta-frontier theory and an index of international exchange and cooperation into an evaluation system for higher education efficiency. Taking 2011–2020 as the sample period, this study conducts a dynamic assessment of the higher education efficiency in 30 mainland Chinese provinces. It explores the differences in production technology in the eastern, central, and western regions, analyzing the environmental factors that affect the efficiency of higher education. The results show that during the sample period, the overall efficiency of higher education in China improved steadily. Efficiency Change is the main driving force. The three regions have significantly different technology gap ratio, and the structure of resource allocation significantly impacts efficiency. Therefore, this study's main recommendations are that the Chinese government should not only deepen the coordinated development of higher education between regions but also pay more attention to solving the problem of unbalanced development between China's geographical regions. At the same time, educational authorities should expand the number of ordinary colleges and universities in the central and western regions, develop non-financial funding sources, and improve the level of refined management of HEIs.     

高校计算机基础课程中多元立体化教学的研究

在我国的高校教育中应加强、重视计算机基础的教学，然而学生在高校有限的学时中要提高自己的计算机应用能力，需要采用有一种适合的教学模式。多元立体化教学就是利用丰富的教学资源、现代化教学手段、科学合理的学习评价体系，建立传授和学习知识的立体网络，最大限度地满足高校教与学的需要，实现计算机基础教学的目标。     

Dynamics of productivity in higher education: cross-european evidence based on bootstrapped Malmquist indices

This study examines patterns of productivity change in a large set of 266 public higher education institutions (HEIs) in 7 European countries across the time period 2001–2005. We adopt consistent bootstrap estimation procedures to obtain confidence intervals for Malmquist indices of HEI productivity and their components. Consequently, we are able to assess the statistical significance of changes in HEI productivity, efficiency and technology. Our results suggest that, assessed vis-à-vis a common ‘European’ frontier, HEI productivity rose on average by 4 % annually. Statistically significant changes in productivity were registered in 90 % of observations on the institutions in our sample, but statistically significant annual improvements in overall productivity took place in only 56 % of cases. There are considerable national differences, with German, Italian and Swiss HEIs performing better in terms of productivity change than HEIs from the other countries examined.     

The impact of the economic crisis on the (in)efficiency of public Higher Education institutions in Southern Europe: The case of Spanish universities

The evaluation of university efficiency in Europe began timidly when the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was created. However, this issue is currently becoming increasingly important in Southern European countries, where the limitation of public funding following the economic crisis in 2008 has put greater pressure on their public universities to achieve excellence and improve competitiveness. In this context, the goals of this paper are: first, to measure the relative technical (in)efficiency of Spanish public Higher Education Institutions in the period 2002–03 to 2012–13, comparing the situation before and during the last economic crisis; and, second, to analyze the determinants of university (in)efficiency and, especially, the direct impact of the crisis. After applying the two-stage double bootstrap DEA methodology, the results show that Spanish public universities have become more efficient during the crisis than before it. In fact, the regression analysis confirms that the “crisis” variable has had a statistically significant positive impact on university efficiency. We also find that age has favorably influenced how these institutions utilize their resources to produce teaching and research outputs, but technical specialization has had a negative effect. Moreover, the regional location of public universities has been also a crucial determinant of their efficiency level. Our findings are therefore relevant for political and academic decision-makers in order to know if public universities have been adequately managed in the crisis period and to identify factors that could improve their efficiency, and hence to help them to enhance their international competitiveness in the future.     

基于就业胜任力的大学生就业管理研究

文章以大学生教育为主线,以提高大学生就业胜任力为目的,反思目前我国高校毕业生就业管理机制存在的问题,从大学生就业价值观、大学生人本教育理念2个方面提出适应我国高校就业管理工作的新模式,从而期望以更为科学有效的方式开展高校毕业生就业指导工作,提高毕业生就业能力,解决毕业生就业问题。     

论高等院校计算机专业教学改革

如何提高高等院校计算机专业的教学水平,是高等院校计算机教育工作者应该深入思考的问题。文章分析了高等院校计算机专业教育的教学特点,从如何培养计算机应用型人才的角度出发,对高等计算机专业教学中存在的不足进行了总结,提出了几点改革设想。     

Simulation of alternative regulations in the Colombian electricity market

The deregulation of the Colombian electricity system took place in 1994 and the pool started operations in 1995. The Colombian system adopted a capacity charge mechanism to increase incentives to invest in new capacity. The capacity charge was showing strength, and apparently driving investments during the initial years. However, the mechanism started to exhibit weaknesses in terms of transparency and disincentives, causing a negative effect on investments. Different authors have presented alternative regulatory options to update the system. A non-standard system dynamics approach to evaluate alternative regulation schemes for the Colombian electricity market is proposed. A specific regulation problem is undertaken to illustrate the proposed methodology. It shows how the capacity charge mechanism, which has been used for reliability purposes, might be changed for alternative schemes. The proposed transformations to the actual regime seem to overcome some of its drawbacks. Simulation results indicate these alternatives improve the general system behaviour. In addition, the underlying model has been used afterwards for other energy policy purposes.     

论高校科研项目成果转化机制的创新

高校作为高层次,高素质人才的集聚地，承担着太量的基础研究、应用研究和开发研究任务，创造出大量的科技成果。文章结合高校科研管理工作的现状与特点，从机制创新的层面出发，探讨了推进高校科研成果转化的方式与渠道。     

校园网络建设与大学生思想政治教育

随着计算机网络技术的发展,互联网已经开始在各高校中普及,并逐渐成为大学生学习、生活中不可或缺的一部分。但是,由此也产生了一些新的问题,如网络的制度问题、道德问题,这些问题不可避免地对高校的教育尤其是对大学生的思想政治教育产生了一定的影响。因此,如何适应网络时代的发展,让校园网络建设为大学生的思想政治教育服务是现今大学生德育工作必须解决的一个重要问题。     

基于就业胜任力的大学生就业管理研究

文章以大学生教育为主线,以提高大学生就业胜任力为目的,反思目前我国高校毕业生就业管理机制存在的问题,从大学生就业价值观、大学生人本教育理念2个方面提出适应我国高校就业管理工作的新模式,从而期望以更为科学有效的方式开展高校毕业生就业指导工作,提高毕业生就业能力,解决毕业生就业问题。     

Relationships between technical efficiency and subsidies for Czech farms: A two-stage robust approach

Subsidies for agriculture in the European Union have been a matter of debate for a long time. However, even after many years of debate, it remains unclear whether the subsidies have a positive or negative effect on farm efficiency. We propose a robust two-stage framework to study the subsidies-effect to farm technical efficiency while controlling farm heterogeneity. First, technical efficiency scores are computed using a modern robust data envelopment analysis model. Then, a quantile regression model is applied to explain the relationship between technical efficiency and the total subsidies and other commonly used explanatory variables. In the empirical part, we analyze a sample of Czech farms during the period from 2010 to 2015. It is revealed that the subsidies-effect is negative and varies based on the technical efficiency of the farm. Higher efficient farms face a less distorting effect than lower efficient farms.     

Implications of variant efficiency measures for policy evaluations in UK higher education

Policy goals in UK higher education encourage the publicly funded universities to become more-specialised and larger in size without compromising output quality. Efficiency gains are expected to flow from this increased specialisation in accordance with universities’ comparative research and teaching strengths. Mergers to reap further gains from economies of scale are also being actively encouraged. Given this scenario, the paper investigates whether best-practice efficiency measurement based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides empirical support for the current policy goals. It also assesses whether such support is dependent on the specific type of efficiency measure used in the DEA modelling. This assessment finds that a selection of (nine) commonly used, variant efficiency measures generally support the current policy goals. The paper also uses the principal-agent framework to explore the issues involved in using computed DEA-based efficiency scores for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance in UK higher education. This highlights empirically how policy-makers and universities can have very different preferences about which efficiency measure is to be used for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance.     

评估环境下高校图书馆人力资源建设初探

文章分析当前评估环境下高校图书馆人才需求状况,提出高校图书馆应当结合自身发展中长期发展任务与服务目标,确立以评估促发展的人力资源建设思路。     

Cost and profit efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks in GCC countries

Using stochastic frontier approach, this paper investigates the cost and profit efficiency levels of 71 commercial banks in Gulf cooperation council countries over the period 1999–2007. This study also conducts a comparative analysis of the efficiency across countries and between conventional and Islamic banks. Moreover, we examine the bank-specific variables that may explain the sources of inefficiency. The empirical results indicate that banks in the Gulf region are relatively more efficient at generating profits than at controlling costs. We also find that in terms of both cost and profit efficiency levels, the conventional banks on average are more efficient than Islamic banks. Furthermore, we observe a positive correlation of cost and profit efficiency with bank capitalization and profitability, and a negative one with operation cost. Higher loan activity increases the profit efficiency of banks, but it has a negative impact on cost efficiency.     

高职院校油气储运技术专业实践教学体系构建

高等职业院校的任务就是培养当代社会需要的具有高素质的技能型人才,而实践教学在高等职业教育中占有非常重要的地位,学院把实践教学贯穿于高职教育的始终和方方面面,利用各种教学资源提高学生的实践能力。分析了高等职业教育实践教学环节中存在的问题,提出了实践教学体系构建的思路。     

现代教育技术与成人高等教育的计算机基础教育

文章根据高校成人高等教育的特点,阐述了基于现代教育模式下,搭建成人高等教育计算机基础课程教学的现代教育技术平台,建立适合成人高等教育的教学模式,以促进成人高等教育计算机基础课程教学改革。     

A School-Level Gravity Model of Student Migration Flows to Higher Education Institutions

This paper presents a gravity model of student migration flows to higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ireland. The analysis is performed on a novel dataset containing detailed information on a range of ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors, allowing one to estimate the effects of a number of important school-level characteristics on these flows. This is achieved by estimating and comparing a fixed-effects Poisson model and two conditional fixed-effects negative binomial models and selecting the best model on the basis of the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The preferred negative binomial model accounts for over-dispersion in the student flow data and allows for estimation of the parameter coefficients of the HEI-invariant characteristics. The analysis suggests that while geography plays a very important role in explaining student flows, so too do a range of school-level characteristics. Furthermore, it is found that distance has a differential impact across HEIs and HEI types with important implications for policy-makers and HEI managers.     

Evaluation of public HEI on teaching,research, and knowledge dissemination by Data Envelopment Analysis

Governmental policies, such as educational ones, require money from taxes to implement them. Therefore, a government must spend its resources in such a way to maximise the benefits. However, to evaluate the Public Higher Education Institutions (P–HEI) is a very complex task since many factors that can be assessed are involved. In this study, we focus on the performance of P–HEI in three activities: teaching, research, and knowledge dissemination. To accomplish this end, we develop a Data Envelopment Analysis Model to evaluate the efficiency of each activity, separately. Using an official database called ExECUM, we compute the efficiency of 40 Mexican P–HEI from year 2008–2016. The funds allocated for the government are an input in our study.According to our results, most P-HEIs are efficient in only one activity, while few are efficient in two activities. Only one P–HEI reached efficiency of 100% in the three models. On the other hand, 37.5% of the P–HEI do not reach 100% efficiency in any model. Our study provides the set of references for each P–HEI and the increments/decrements in the inputs and outputs to increase its efficiency.     

Creating an efficient market for nursing home care.

This paper reviews the theoretical foundations of the common Medicaid nursing home reimbursement systems: Reasonable cost related, fixed rate and negotiated rate reimbursement. Each reimbursement system is examined in terms of the four reimbursement system design goals: allocative efficiency, appropriateness of care, quality of care and equity of economic rewards. None of the reimbursement approaches are found to be deficient on the theoretical level, but practical problems of implementation are shown to be very difficult. As an alternative, a competitive binding system is proposed which would bring competitive market efficiency to the allocation of Medicaid funds for nursing home care. A mathematical programming model is developed to process the bidding information and to allocate Medicaid funds to nursing homes.