我国生物医药产业的集聚态势及其效应的实证分析

本文主要目的是研究我国生物医药产业集聚的发展态势,以及该产业集聚产生的经济效应.论文首先介绍了产业集聚水平的测度指标,而后计算了各指标值,定量分析了我国生物医药产业的集聚态势和各省市该产业的集聚水平.最后运用方差分析和相关分析验证了生物医药产业的集聚发展对我国该产业的经济效益存在促进作用.     

美国生物医药产业政策对我国的启示

“十二五规划”的出台对我国生物医药产业的发展提出了新的挑战。美国的生物医药产业占据着全球生物医药市场领头羊的地位，通过分析美国生物医药产业发展的政策，结合我国的实际情况，为我国生物医药产业的发展及政策的制定提供一定的借鉴.     

独立的视觉，深度的解析

2010年9月28日，“2010上海生物医药投融资峰会暨成果推介会”在上海召开。峰会分析了中国生物医药行业存在的自主创新能力薄弱等瓶颈问题和不足，就生物医药产业投资策略的现状、环境与机会等问题展开了深入探讨。中国医药工业信息中心钟倩主任从近年来生物医药产业经济运行情况、     

省、市、自治区生物医药产业竞合关系研判--基于产值份额演变的空间面板模型研究

基于熵的多样化指数显示生物医药产业集聚趋势不断加强。以产值份额为变量构建空间变系数面板模型,研究29省生物医药产业竞合关系。结果显示：空间变系数面板模型能较好检验区域产业竞合关系;相邻效应显示,10个省生物医药产业显示为对周边省份竞争效应,11个省生物医药产业显示为对周边省份合作效应,8个省生物医药产业与周边省竞合净效应不显著。整体效应显示,9个省竞争力较强,12个省竞争力弱,8个省处于中等。     

美国加州地区生物医药产业集群发展特点及借鉴意义

目的探讨美国加州生物医药产业集群发展的特点,为我国相关地区生物医药产业集群发展提供借鉴意义。方法从三个方面阐述了美国加州生物医药产业集群发展的特点,并从三个方面提出对我国的借鉴意义。结果与结论美国加州生物医药产业集群发展过程中,政府干预少,集群内部企业网络关系紧密,风险投资十分发达;我国生物医药产业集群发展中政府起主导作用,集群内部企业之间的联系并不紧密,企业融资渠道狭窄。     

第15届中国医药高新技术交易会暨中国生物医药产业科技金融合作峰会

为积极推动全球创新资源向我国优势生物医药企业转移,加强生物医药科技与产业资本、金融资本的融合,加速重大生物医药科技成果商业化合作与产业转化,中国医药企业发展促进会、中国医药科技成果转化中心、中国科技产业化促进会经研究决定,自2012年起共同作为“中国医药高新技术交易会暨中国生物医药产业科技金融合作峰会”主办单位,     

西北英格兰——生物医药的理想家园

西北英格兰生物医药产业名列英国前三名 欧洲公认的生物医药产业集中地 160家生物医药公司及120家医疗器械公司     

我国生物医药公共服务平台发展现状和未来建设的若干建议

为增强区域的创新能力与可持续发展能力,我国生物医药产业集聚区相继建立了各种形式的生物医药公共平台.经过几年的运作与发展后,这些平台在推动生物医药产业发展,提升生物医药企业创新能力方面的作用正逐步释放.研究国内的生物医药公共服务平台主要特征、主要功能、运行方式以及服务模式,对于更好的发挥平台在提升产业集群的创新能力方面的作用具有重要的意义.     

多措并举实现生物医药产业强国地位

2011年我国医药市场已经超越日本成为全球第二大医药市场，中国当之无愧地成为了生物医药产业的大国，但距生物医药产业的强国地位尚存差距令人欣喜的是，当前来自国际的新技术浪潮正在推动我国生物医药产业努力跟上世界潮流，国家政策的大力激励给生物医药产业注入了鲜活的生机，而庞大的内需市场又充满了商业潜力。因此，无论是从国际还是国内环境看，我国生物医药产业都处于难得的战略机遇期：、我国的政府、企业该如何抓住机遇，早日晋升为生物医药产业强国呢？     

上海生物医药科技和产业现状分析

上海通过“九五”、“十五”和“十一五”连续的培育与积蓄，在构筑生物医药创新体系、聚焦科技前沿、开发创新药物、培育产业集群等方面取得了长足的进步。“张江药谷”的品牌已在海内外引起广泛的关注和认同。2009年，上海又将生物医药产业列为加快发展的九大产业之一，颁布了生物医药产业行动计划和专项扶持政策。目前上海在生物医药领域拥有完整的产业体系、优秀的创新成果和专业的人才队伍，为产业发展奠定了良好的基础。     

R&D collaboration as a global competitive tactic —Biotechnology and the ethical pharmaceutical industry

Abstract
In a technology driven industry, emergence of a new technology can trigger changes in the associated market structure and in the nature of competitive forces – changes herein defined as an industry paradigm shift. Biotechnology has precipitated such a paradigm shift in the ethical pharmaceutical industry, and one consequence is a proliferation of R&D collaborations. However, this paradigm shift is occurring at the same time that global competition is intensifying, and biotechnology R&D collaboration has become a tool in the geopolitical strategies of the major industrial nations. Government intervention to promote such collaborations can have deleterious long-term effects, as described earlier for the semiconductor industry. These effects are posed again for biotechnology and the ethical pharmaceutical industry, in the hopes of provoking a dialogue among concerned parties. These issues must be addressed soon, if the competitive position of this industry –as well as governments and universities – is not to be compromised.     

Using IT Effectively in R&D Management23—25 September 1996, IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland

The commercialization of biotechnology requires very serious and intense research capabilities. The pharmaceutical industry has been one of the early exploiters of biotechnology because of the existence of such capabilities. This feature has been observed worldover and the literature is replete with information on how firms have evolved various strategies to meet this requirement. The present paper is an attempt to assess the R&D capabilities in the pharmaceutical companies in India in the context of biotechnology commercialization. A study was made of the R&D capabilities of 33 companies. These companies represent 3 categories of the Indian industry: purely medicinal chemistry based pharmaceuticals; diversified (both medicinal chemistry and biotechnology); dedicated biotechnology companies. Discriminant analysis was performed (i) to understand the distinctiveness of the three groups of companies and (ii) to understand the characteristics of their R&D capabilities. With respect to eight of the ten chosen parameters like R&D intensity, skill intensity, linkages, output of R&D, size, age, R&D manpower as a proportion of total manpower and number of skilled R&D employees, the three groups are observed to be distinct from each other.     

How does the partner type in R&D alliances impact technological innovation performance? A study on the Korean biotechnology industry

The number of strategic alliances for R&D activities in the biotechnology industry is sharply increasing. Some studies show that each alliance partner type has different alliance motives, resources and capabilities, organizational structures and cultures, and degrees of competition with partners, which can lead to different performances of strategic alliances. In this regard, this study conducts an empirical analysis of the different impact of each type of alliance partner on technological innovation performance and finds the moderating effect of absorptive capacity and potential competition by categorizing strategic alliances for R&D activities in the biotechnology industry into three types: vertical-downstream alliances, vertical-upstream alliances, and horizontal alliances. This study analyzed 206 Korean biotechnology firms and their strategic alliances for a total of 292 R&D activities. The results of the analysis showed that vertical alliances have a positive impact on technological innovation performance, while horizontal alliances have an inverted U-shaped relationship with technological innovation performance caused by the effect of competition. Additionally, it was confirmed that the R&D intensity of biotechnology firms has a moderating effect of increasing the impact of vertical-upstream alliances on technological innovation performance.     

Strategic alliances between large and small research intensive organizations: experiences in the biotechnology industry

Abstract
For many firms, entering into some form of collaborative arrangement with other organizations has become a necessary step towards improving their competitive positions. This is particularly true of research intensive companies which frequently participate in such strategic alliances (SAs). This paper reports on the experiences of some 70 North American firms with SAs in the biotechnology industry. The sample includes small dedicated biotechnology companies (DBCs) and large organizations, such as pharmaceutical firms.     

Resource-based and institution-based approaches to biotechnology industry development in Malaysia

In this study, we use both resource-based and institution-based theories to examine potential sources of competitive advantage in the relatively new and rapidly growing biotechnology sector. We then use those theories as the basis for a multimethod study to assess the priorities, capabilities, and competitiveness of the emerging biotechnology industry in Malaysia. Multifunctional experts from a biotechnology industry organization in Malaysia identified the use of biotechnology for agriculture and biofuels as key country priorities, with access to funding and talent cited as key capabilities required for successful sector development. The gap between capabilities required and strategic priorities provides a “to do” list for industry development, with government institutions playing a central role in accelerating technology development and providing the capital flows necessary to bridge this gap. Implications include the need for public–private sector collaboration to enable biotech firms to efficiently obtain international investment and alliances to ensure sustainability, as well as to develop bold and creative approaches for developing and recruiting talent both at home and abroad.     

Japanese/U.S. technological competitiveness and strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry

This paper analyzes the reasons for Japanese/U.S. collaborations in the biotechnology industry, and considers the question of whether such alliances pose a threat to the North American industry. Japan's technological competitiveness in biotechnology is examined in terms of its strengths and perceived weaknesses. Ways in which Japan is attempting to overcome these weaknesses are identified. As well, the strengths and weaknesses of the North American biotechnology industry are assessed. The paper concludes with recommendations for government and R&D managers on how to preserve U.S. competitiveness. R&D managers must keep abreast of their techno-global competitive environments. While organizations can enter into alliances to improve their competitiveness they must be aware of the dangers of collaboration, and to benefit from their alliances they must enhance their organizational learning. Organizations must be aware of the pitfalls of alliance formation, and any alliance must be viewed in its national context. Last, but not least, managers must be more effective in their management of the processes of technological innovation.     

Drug discovery and development in four Canadian biotech companies

In this paper, we discuss the R&D process in the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry from the viewpoint of four leading Canadian biotech startups. Based on a series of interviews with these firms, we outline the role of joint ventures and strategic alliances with university laboratories and with large established pharmaceutical firms in furthering these small firms' ambition of themselves becoming large and established. We find that the evolution of this industry has made this goal much harder to reach and we discuss the creative ways in which these firms have adapted and thrived.     

The regional dimension of innovation and the globalization of science: the case of biotechnology in a peripheral region of the European Union

This article presents the results of an analysis of the relationship between public sector research and industry development in the field of biotechnology in a peripheral region of the European Union: the Region of Valencia (Spain). It contributes empirical data on the delocalized impact of research-industry relations in a globalized economy. It also uncovers a gap between a relatively well-developed public research sector in biotechnology and a weak biotechnology industry. The analysis raises questions as to the role of the concept of predominantly local knowledge communities in regional innovation systems, as well as the model of linear technological development, both of which exert an important influence on decision making in research and development (R&D) and innovation. A high level of R&D is shown to be a necessary condition for stimulating innovation, but does not suffice. Rather, R&D must be integrated with a number of different actions to correct deficiencies in the regional innovation system.     

Technology sourcing and output of established firms in a regime of encompassing technological change

This paper argues that when the technological basis of an industry is changing, the firm's approach to technology sourcing plays a critical role in building the capabilities needed to generate new technical outputs. Using survey and archival data from the U.S. pharmaceutical industry during the period 1981–91, we find that different approaches to technology sourcing (internal R&D and external R&D) are related to different types of biotechnology‐based output at the end of the period. Internal R&D was positively associated with patent output. Acquisition activity was positively related to number of biotechnology‐based products. Greater use of R&D contracts and licenses was associated with stronger reputation for possessing expertise in biotechnology. These findings underscore the importance of taking a multifaceted approach to technology sourcing in order to build the absorptive capacity needed to generate new technical output. Surprisingly, we also found that involvement in joint ventures was negatively related to patent output. This raises interesting questions about the strategic use of joint ventures in a regime of encompassing technological change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perspectives of gatekeepers in the Kenyan food industry towards genetically modified food

Attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders are crucial in the acceptability of GM foods. Past research focussed on consumers, but paid little attention to the food industry and its gatekeepers, especially in Africa. Therefore, a survey was conducted covering 39 respondents from the milling industry and supermarkets, the main processors and distributors of maize products, in seven urban centres of Kenya. Respondents, mostly from senior management, were well educated and had a good knowledge of biotechnology. Their major sources of information were the media for the supermarkets, and brochures and the food industry for the milling companies. Respondents generally appreciated the benefits of biotechnology, but had concerns about the environment, although few people considered GM food harmful to human or animal health. Most respondents found traceability of GM products important, but would prefer not to label them because of the costs and possible negative consumer reactions. Respondents were largely non-committal on the use of GM products in their companies, preferring to decide on a case-by-case basis. The few negative responses, mostly from the milling industry, were affected by high risk and low benefit perceptions. Most respondents do not like the idea of labelling GM food. Better communication between research and the food industry is now needed, and more research on the labelling of GM products.