财政补贴、税收优惠与企业研发投入——基于非上市公司20万户企业的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

本文采用国泰安非上市公司数据库中20万户企业2005-2007年的数据,实证分析财政补贴和税收优惠对企业研发投入的影响效应。实证结果表明,我国财税激励政策对企业研发投入产生互补效应,激励了企业研发投入,并且,财政补贴比税收优惠更有效。研究中,为了纠正非上市公司研发费用披露的"自选择"问题,本文采用Heckman两步法对其进行控制。     

新能源汽车产业发展的税收支持政策：国际经验与发展前瞻

新能源汽车产业是中国当前重要的产业之一,如何制定符合经济规律和社会发展的税收支持政策,对于新能源汽车产业发展和长期经济增长具有重要意义。美国、英国和欧盟等主要经济体较早提出建设新能源汽车产业,并陆续制定一系列支持新能源汽车发展的税收政策。本研究总结了2010—2022年美国、英国和欧盟主要工业国颁布的新能源汽车税收政策,发现各国有不同的税收政策重点和差异化的税收体系。中国新能源汽车产业应基于现有的国际经验,建立多样化的税收优惠方式,提高财政资金利用效率与投入力度,有效结合税收激励与约束机制,突破新能源汽车产业的发展瓶颈。     

促进新能源汽车产业发展的税收优惠政策分析北大核心CSSCI

近年来,我国针对新能源汽车产业实施了税收优惠政策,促进了整个行业的快速发展壮大。为了解决制约新能源汽车产业发展的制度问题,进一步推动新能源汽车产业持续健康发展,税收优惠政策需要随之进行调整和优化。为此,可在借鉴部分发达国家新能源汽车产业税收优惠政策的基础上,制定针对新能源汽车的专项税收优惠政策,拓宽税收优惠政策的适用范围,加大税收优惠力度,提高税收优惠政策的精准度,完善配套设施和配套产业的税收优惠等,以促进新能源汽车产业的高质量发展。     

企业R&D税收激励政策效应分析北大核心CSSCI

本文较为系统地阐明了国际上设计R&D税收激励政策考虑的基本要素,并对不同形式的R&D税收激励方案进行了比较研究,在此基础上,作者从不同角度梳理并分析了目前理论界对R&D税收激励政策效应的研究结果,并给出了相应结论。     

财税支持、公司治理与创新绩效 ——基于战略性新兴产业的政策"穿透性"视角

实施创新驱动发展战略、推动战略性新兴产业发展,需要充分发挥财税政策的支持作用,但是部分企业在经营决策方面的"短视"甚至骗补、骗税问题直接影响了财政支持的政策效应。本文首先从理论上分析财税支持、公司治理对创新绩效的影响,同时探讨公司治理方面的积极因素可能对财税支持效应的正面调节作用;然后,基于A股战略性新兴产业上市公司的动态面板数据,对理论分析进行实证检验。研究结果表明:财政补贴在提升企业创新绩效方面的正面影响强于税收优惠政策;董事会独立性和高管团队教育水平越高,具有研发背景的高管成员越多,管理层持股比例越大,企业的创新绩效也就越好;高管团队具有研发背景和管理层持股对财税支持的影响产生正面调节作用,显著增强了财政补贴资金的创新支持效应。上述研究结论的政策启示是:第一,要坚持和完善对战略性新兴产业的财政补贴政策,加强对资金使用情况的事中事后监督,提升财政补贴的使用效率。第二,要优化高新技术企业的认定标准,建立动态监督机制,适度提高对企业研发费用的税收优惠力度,鼓励企业加大研发投入。第三,要引导和推动企业完善治理结构,建立现代企业制度;探索实施股权激励和管理层持股计划,对职业经理人进行有效激励和约束。     

企业“走出去”的财税支持政策研究——以湖南省为例

以湖南省为例分析湖南省企业“走出去”存在的规模小、民企弱、产业与市场分布不合理以及财税支持政策不足等问题,并实证财税支持政策对湖南省企业“走出去”的正向影响效应,结果表明:湖南省应完善省级财政专项资金、改变财政补贴方式、设立反补贴应对工作专项资金、明确税收优惠产业导向、完善区域税收优惠政策等工作。     

企业“走出去”的财税支持政策研究——以湖南省为例

以湖南省为例分析湖南省企业"走出去"存在的规模小、民企弱、产业与市场分布不合理以及财税支持政策不足等问题,并实证财税支持政策对湖南省企业"走出去"的正向影响效应,结果表明:湖南省应完善省级财政专项资金、改变财政补贴方式、设立反补贴应对工作专项资金、明确税收优惠产业导向、完善区域税收优惠政策等工作。     

我国新能源汽车产业的财税补贴政策现状及其分析

本文着力于分析新能源汽车产业的财税支持政策现状,目前产业推进进程面临着重重困难,这当中有需要企业自身解决的,但更多的是需要政府的参与,财税政策就是发展的"无形的手"。本文从当前新能源汽车产业存在的问题切入,对政府实施的财税政策效果进行探究,并且反思其弊端,最后得出对发展我国新能源汽车行业财税政策的建议。     

新能源汽车产业政府补贴与企业创新——基于高管技术背景的调节作用

新能源汽车产业技术创新是建设汽车强国的关键驱动力量,而政府补贴是扶持新能源汽车产业发展的重要举措。本文以2015－2020年A股新能源汽车产业上市公司为研究对象,首先探讨新能源汽车产业政府补贴与企业创新投入之间的关系,然后将高管技术背景视为一种重要的调节因素,分析高管技术背景在政府补贴与企业创新投入之间发挥的作用。研究结果表明,新能源汽车产业政府补贴能够激励企业增加创新投入;高管技术背景能够强化政府补贴对企业创新投入的影响。最后提出政府应加强财政补贴力度、完善补贴评价机制和企业聘任技术高管等建议。     

财税政策对高端装备制造业促进机制的文献综述

高端装备制造业与其他行业关联度高,是引领装备制造业迈向新的发展阶段的重要推力,高端装备制造业的发展质量决定整个装备制造业产业链的质量。本文通过对已有相关文献的整理归纳,构建出一个财税政策对高端装备制造业促进机制的研究框架,即资金支持、技术研发以及财政补贴和税收优惠,最后分析了财税政策支持高端装备制造业发展的重要性,并在此基础上进行展望。     

税收优惠方式对研发投入激励效应研究

以我国2014 ～2020年A股上市公司为样本,利用手工搜集整理的独特数据,获取了上市公司实际享受的税率优惠、加计扣除、加速折旧摊销的金额,并以此为基础检验不同税收优惠方式对企业研发投入的激励效应.实证结果表明,税率优惠、加计扣除、加速折旧摊销这三种税收优惠方式都能激励企业加大研发投入,三种税收优惠方式对研发投入的激励...     

新能源汽车财务与非财务消息对股市影响的多维特征及差异

新能源汽车股市是投资者对公司财务绩效、政策导向、技术水平和发展前景等多方面因素综合反应的结果。将新能源汽车产业相关消息分为"财务"和"非财务"消息,应用事件研究法从"敏感性""、强弱性"和"持续性"三个维度分析了财务与非财务类消息对于新能源汽车股市影响的差异性。结果表明,新能源汽车非财务类消息对于股市表现影响的强度和持续性相对更显著。新能源汽车非财务类消息中的政策、市场消息对于股市表现影响的敏感性要高于技术消息,政策、技术消息对于股市表现影响的强度明显高于市场消息,技术消息对于股市表现影响的持续性明显优于政策和市场类消息。新能源汽车产业的政策扶持不应仅仅关注现阶段新能源汽车制造商的财务指标,更应高度关注新能源汽车制造商的创新能力。制造商要进一步加大新能源汽车的研发投入,通过资本市场的合理融资促进新能源汽车技术创新和长期盈利能力提升。     

公平税负与金融税制改革

我国现行的金融企业税制存在着税负偏高、内外税制不统一等不合理因素,影响了金融企业的发展。建议逐步取消金融业的税收优惠、降低银行的营业税率、提高税前扣除的计税工资标准,规范金融业的税制,支持银行业的发展。     

Firm R&D and financial analysis: How do they interact?

This paper demonstrates, theoretically and empirically, that firms’ research and development (R&D) efforts and investors’ analyses of their prospects are mutually reinforcing. Entrepreneurs attempt more research when financiers are better informed about projects’ profitability because they expect financiers to provide more funding to successful projects. Conversely, financiers collect more information about projects when entrepreneurs undertake more R&D because the opportunity cost of missing out on successful projects is then higher. Two natural experiments confirm that this interaction occurs and suggest that it contributes to about one third of the total effect of a policy designed to stimulate R&D. Overall, the analysis suggests that policies aimed at promoting R&D – such as research subsidies or tax breaks – have a multiplier effect owing to the induced improvement in capital efficiency. As a result, those policies can be rendered more effective by coupling them with other policies designed to increase capital efficiency. The feedback effect that we document also helps explaining why innovative ecosystems such as that in the Silicon Valley are challenging to set up.     

Does Brazilian allowance for corporate equity reduce the debt bias? Evidences of rebound effect and ownership-induced ACE clientele

We analyse if the Brazilian Allowance for Corporate Equity (ACE-type system) reduces the debt tax bias. Specifically, we study if the continuous treatment effect of interest on equity negatively affects the level of financial leverage. We find that the tax policy implemented is similar to the deductible cash dividends and not to an ACE. The empirical implication is that the interest on equity treatment increases the debt tax bias, producing a rebound effect to what is expected for this policy on the risk-taking behaviour and corporate capital structure. This rebound effect is homogeneous in firms with different financial constraints status. There are evidences that shareholders influence the cash distribution policy, adjusting the later to their own tax preferences. Therefore, there may be an “ACE clientele effect” induced by heterogeneity in tax preferences among shareholders.     

Government R&D spending,fiscal instruments and corporate technological innovation

Using panel data from 242 cities in China, we examine the impact of government research and development (R&D) spending on corporate technological innovation. We find that listed firms located in cities with higher government R&D expenditures are more innovative than firms in other cities. Further, the positive effect of government R&D spending depends on fiscal instruments and factor allocation. Through subsidies and tax incentives, government R&D spending enhances firm innovation by alleviating financing constraints, improving employee creativity and ensuring efficient operations. We demonstrate that subsidies are more effective than taxes in spurring corporate technological innovation. We also show that the impact of government R&D spending is stronger for state-owned and high-tech enterprises than for other enterprises. Overall, our findings suggest that government R&D spending can substantially improve corporate technological innovation through fiscal instruments.     

借鉴美国税收经验 促进我国大飞机产业发展

大飞机的发展需要政府的强力支持,而税收政策是政府扶持大飞机产业发展、实现国家战略目标的重要政策工具。本文以美国利用税收政策向大飞机产业提供政府补贴为例,分析了我国在发展大飞机产业的过程中,应充分发挥税收政策对产业发展的激励和促进作用,制定和完善面向研发及生产制造领域的税收支持政策,加强税收政策在市场开拓及市场竞争中的有效运用,发挥税收政策对资源要素集聚的导向性,注重税收政策与其他政策的有效协调。     

Will the real R&D employees please stand up? Effects of tax breaks on firm-level outcomes

This paper evaluates the effect of tax incentives for research and development (R&D) on R&D spending and employment of R&D staff in a quasi-experimental setting. To do this, I exploit an exogenous reform in UK R&D tax policy, which changed the definition of an SME from firms with fewer than 250 employees to those with fewer than 500 employees. I use the UK Business Enterprise Research and Development Survey (BERD), for which companies do not have an incentive to relabel their ordinary employees or spending as R&D. I find that R&D tax incentives help to increase R&D spending at the company level; this translates to a user cost elasticity between ?0.88 and ?1.18. Further, the additional R&D generated through the tax relief can be attributed entirely to an increase in the number of R&D employees in the companies’ workforce. Together, these results challenge a common narrative on the role of R&D tax incentives.     

如何完善高新技术产业税收政策

<正>高新技术产业税收优惠的重点应放在如何补偿和降低企业的投资风险方面。目前,我国现行科技税收法律的层次较低,权威性差,难以发挥税收的调节作用。因此应对一些已经相对成熟的条例、法规通过必要的程序使之上升到法律层次,既有利于克服由于经常修改而造成税法不够稳定的缺陷,也在一定程度上提升     

Limits of tax regulation: Evidence from strategic R&D classification and the R&D tax credit

We investigate a tax avoidance strategy where firms use the ambiguity inherent in tax reporting to classify indirect costs as research and development (R&D) expenditures to take advantage of the R&D tax credit. We label this tax practice “strategic R&D classification”. We find a one standard deviation increase in strategic R&D classification leads, on average, to a 1.7% (1.5%) reduction in GAAP (cash) effective tax rates, suggesting this practice provides significant tax savings. However, we also find strategic R&D classification is related to both the level and changes in uncertain tax benefit liabilities required to be recognized under FIN 48, suggesting this practice comes with financial reporting costs. Our study contributes to the literature by documenting some of the costs and benefits associated with a previously unexplored tax strategy, and highlights the limitations faced by tax authorities in monitoring firms’ R&D tax credit.