综合经营视角下的金融监管模式探析

综合经营逐渐成为未来金融业发展的重要趋势,需要改革我国现行的金融监管体系,构建与综合经营相适应的金融监管模式,稳步推动我国金融业的发展。文章认为,应建立健全金融法律体系、充分发挥市场自律组织和中介机构的作用及完善对金融控制集团的监管机制。     

我国民航客运价格规制的绩效评价与改革思路探讨

以国内民航市场客运价格规制改革问题为研究对象,从传统自然垄断产业规制改革的角度,结合对我国民航客运价格规制改革的绩效评价,通过对目前我国民航客运价格规制制度存在问题的分析,探讨了民航客运价格规制设计、民航客运定价规制改革、民航客运价格规制合同等问题,提出建立我国激励性客运价格规制体系的改革思路。     

全球制造业传统与环境生产率变化及收敛性的比较论证

文章旨在通过2000-2009年期间数据研究制造业在全球经济体以及不同行业之间传统生产率以及能源生产率的变化趋势以及收敛特征。相比于传统生产率,在核算能源生产率过程中纳入了二氧化碳排放量等非期望型产出。分别采用DEA-Malmquist以及Global Malmquist Luenberger指数法测算两类生产率指数并进行比较分析,进而对分经济体以及分行业两类生产率进行了收敛性的检验。研究指出制造业在经济体之间以及行业之间的δ收敛特征均不明显,但除了重工业的传统生产率,其他分经济体以及分行业之间两类生产率都存在显著的绝对β收敛以及条件β收敛。总体上能源效率的收敛速度低于传统效率,但在不同行业及经济体之间,收敛的态势与表现存在较大的差异。     

电力工业改革对我国经济影响的定量研究——基于投入产出模型分析

针对电力行业建立了供给驱动模型、需求驱动模型和投入产出价格模型,定量分析了未来电力改革的主要方向——电力投资变化、电力价格水平波动以及电力供给变动对我国经济的影响。结果表明：电力生产需提前适度高于社会各部门平均水平,以满足经济快速发展的需要;在所有的基础设施行业中,电力投资对其它产业部门的辐射作用和影响力最大;电价水平的波动对居民消费价格指数影响较小,对高耗电产业影响较大。     

The impacts of market power on power grid efficiency: Evidence from China

Since 1980s, China has experienced a series of reforms to support the development of electricity industry, and the latest one is in 2015. The essence of this new reform is to improve efficiency and lower energy cost. However, China's electricity market has its particularity. The “provinces as entities” is the main regulation frame in China's electricity sector. The operation of the electricity industry can be seen as a game result and interest compromise between the local government and grid companies, and this “win-win exchange” regulation failure leads to grid market power. The profit mode of the grid enterprises will be gradually changed with the deepening of new electricity reform. How to regulate electricity transmission and distribution sector and improve grid efficiency becomes a crucial problem to address. This paper aims to examine the relationship between market power and power grid efficiency. We calculate the unconditional and conditional efficiency of grid companies by applying a conditional slack-based measure (SBM) model. The empirical results show that grid efficiency is at a low level and the indicators differ among provinces and regions. Moreover, market power indeed has significant negative effects on power grid efficiency. These findings provide some insightful references for the future development of China's power industry and electricity reform.     

Substitutions among energy imputs in U.S. manufacturing

Summary and Conclusion With cross-section data on the purchases of four energy inputs by 11 U.S. manufacturing industries, Allen partial cross elasticities of input substitution and own price elasticities of demand were computed. The sample set represents 85 percent of total manufacturing energy demand in 1962. The substitution elasticities between fuel oil and natural gas, fuel oil and purchased electricity, and between natural gas and electricity, were statistically significant for about half of the 11 two-digit SIC industries studied. These elasticities ranged between 12.9 and 1.7 with half of them less than 4.0.Importantly, the elasticity of substitution between coal and the above three energy inputs was significantly different from zero in only three manufacturing industries (comprising some 35 percent of total manufacturing energy demand). Thus it would appear that only three U.S. manufacturing sectors will contribute towards the substitution of domestic for international energy sources. Indirect substitution between energy sources, with the consequent implications for the balance of payments, will primarily have to come from the substitution of electricity (from coal-fired plants) for natural gas (from Canada) and fuel oil (indirectly from the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America).Similar substitution results were found when all 11 industries were aggregated together or divided into large and small energy demand groups. As well, there appear to be no significant differences in overall substitution response between the two categories of large and small energy users. Supporting the substitution results, we found that the own price elasticity of demand for coal to be about –.5 and not different from zero while the price elasticities for natural gas, fuel oil, and purchased electricity were between –.7 and –2.67 (and statistically different from zero).As a general conclsuion, the substitution of domestic coal for other energy inputs will primarily have to come indirectly through greater use of coal to produce electricity which is purchased by the manufacturing sector. The scope for direct substitution of coal for other energy inputs in U.S. manufacturing is limited to only three sectors and cannot be expected to have an exceptionally large impact on mitigating the inflation and blanace of payments implications of the recent increases in the price of imported energy inputs.This work was undertaken at the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Discussions with George Green, A. Ray Grimes, Jr., Michael Mohr, John R. Moroney, Gorti Narasimham, and Benjamin Wolkowitz are acknowledged. These individuals, as well as the B.E.A. and the author's present employer, remain independent from the views expressed in this study.     

政府监管政策变革对出口消费品质量影响

驱动高质量发展为新时代我国重大发展战略。以2011-2017年广东12个行业出口消费品企业的面板数据为样本,利用简单线性回归和双重差分法评估政府监管政策变革对出口消费品质量（出口消费品合格水平、市场感知质量）等两个维度的影响,实证结果表明：政府监管政策变革显著提升出口消费品质量水平,对实验组样本产品合格水平的正向影响作用普遍好于对照组;同时,政府监管政策变革对出口消费品市场感知质量的影响与行业关联,能显著提高部分行业的市场感知质量,如：家电、照明设备、仿真饰品、信息技术设备、纺织品服装、家具等行业。鉴于此,政府质量监管应结合行业发展特点,创新监管模式,进一步推进"管检分离",大力发展第三方检验检测结果采信等,以形成健康可持续的出口消费品质量发展生态环境。     

Labour use efficiency in the Indian and Pakistani commercial banks

The Indian and Pakistani banking industry is said to have an excessive use of labour due to the significant market share of government owned banks. Both countries have undertaken a process of regulatory reform to bring about market discipline in the usage of inputs and to increase the labour use efficiency and productivity. The focus of this paper is the estimation of productivity and efficiency of labour use in the banking sectors of the Indian sub-continent. The results show that the efficiency of labour use across the Indian sub-continent is improving over time and that foreign banks are more efficient compared to domestically owned banks in their usage of labour.     

The elasticity of substitution as a proxy measure of economic integration

This study examines how the accession of Greece to the European Union affected the Greek economy. Transcendental production functions of agriculture, industry, and service sectors of Greece, Germany, and France were estimated and tested for structural stability. Based on two estimated parameters of sectoral production functions and the corresponding data on capital-to-labor ratios, sectoral elasticities of substitution were constructed as vectors of values, varying with time. It was found that the elasticities of the traded sectors, industry, and manufacturing converged. The elasticities of substitution of the nontraded sector service and the traded, but protected, sector of agriculture diverged.     

我国能源工业与城市化进程相关性的误差修正模型

改革开放以来,能源工业的迅速发展为我国城市化进程的快速推进提供了坚实的物质基础。城市化进程在不断将能源消费量推向新高度的同时也促进了能源工业的发展,两者之间通过一定的路径和方式相互影响。运用误差修正模型,对我国改革开放以来城市化水平与能源工业的关联度进行实证分析,结果表明城市化进程与能源生产和消费之间相关性均十分显著。     

美日保险管制模式改革的比较与借鉴

不同国家在对保险业实施管制的实践中，形成了各自不同的保险管制模式，其中美国和日本的保险管制模式最具有代表性。20世纪90年代中后期以来，两国保险管制模式分别采取一系列的改革措施，或收敛过去的过度管制行为，或将现有法律制度之间不衔接的空缺加以弥补，并呈现出某些趋同化的态势。尽管保险管制放松趋势是主流，但是我们也不能盲目追随。最重要的是，认清保险管制改革的背景及保险管制放松的动因。     

营业税改征增值税试点方案对港口企业的影响研究

2012年国家在上海等11个省市开展了交通运输业和部分现代服务业营业税改征增值税的试点工作,这一改革给港口企业一般纳税人的税负带来了影响,通过两种税负的比较分析,其因素包括税率偏高、可抵扣成本低等多个方面,应当采取扩大改革范围、给予企业过渡期补贴扶持、择机统一下调税率等措施。     

Path dependence and independent utility regulation: The case of Danish energy and telecommunications regulation

Abstract

The establishment of the Danish independent regulatory authorities for the energy and telecommunications sectors was based upon EU directives as part of their liberalisation process. Following the concepts of transaction costs and path dependency this article analyses differences in independence between the two authorities – the Danish Energy Regulatory Authority (Energitilsynet) and the National IT and Telecommunications Agency (IT- og Telestyrelsen) respectively. We find that the state's negligible interest in the energy sector until the 1970s formed the basis for strong energy companies capable of influencing regulation in their interest. This condition made DERA relatively dependent on commercial interests compared to NITA. In contrast, the state had an early interest in controlling and regulating telecommunications services, which meant strong control of the telecommunications companies and a regulation contingent upon political interests that has continued to this day. We therefore suggest that sector-specific institutional processes have caused differences between the regulatory institutions mediating the influence of the EU.     

A putty-clay vintage model for sectors of industry in the Netherlands

Summary A putty-clay vintage model has been estimated for five industrial sectors: food, beverages and tobacco manufacturing; textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing; chemical industry and oil refineries; metal manufacturing, and total manufacturing. Substitutabilityex ante between labour and capital appeared to be small in the first four sectors, with textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing as an exception. Substitutabilityex ante in total manufacturing industry is rather high: an elasticity of substitution of –0.74. Embodied technical progress is strong in all industrial sectors. In textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing and in total manufacturing it is both labour- and capital-augmenting in nature. In the other sectors it is mainly of the labour-augmenting variety.This research has partly been made possible by a grant of the National Programme of Labour Market Research (NPAO). Advice by Professor Th. van de Klundert and Mr. A.H. van Zon is gratefully acknowledged.     

Energy Restructuring in China： Retrospects and Prospects

Thirty years have passed since China first adopted the policy of reform and opening up to the outside. Reviewing and appraising the advantages and disadvantages of the government＇s energy restructuring policy in the intervening years is of great importance to the consideration of future reform and opening-up efforts in this industry. Energy production and supply have been a major part of the national economic restructuring. In this paper, the author proceeds from three angles to review and assess the reform and opening-up efforts in the energy industry, and suggests some direction and priorities for its restrueturing in the future.     

生产性服务业与制造业协调发展与演化

理论推导验证生产性服务投入制造业的溢出效应,运用面板数据模型对生产性服务业和制造业耦合协调度的调节作用进行实证检验,并利用SIENA方法探索产业部门关联网络中节点互动的特质、协调发展的影响因素,发现了网络演化的机制.在产业耦合协调方面,制造业与生产性服务业的耦合度和耦合协调度对经济增长有正向调节作用,即双方的耦合协调带动生产性服务对制造业的溢出效应.在产业关联网络演化方面,产品部门之间的技术邻近性与市场邻近性促进联系的建立,开放度较高的产品部门更能够与其他部门建立联系.为了实现生产性服务业对制造业的促进作用,应鼓励跨领域合作,加强重点行业开放,推动生产性服务业和制造业进一步融合.     

网络型产业规制机构模式研究

网络产业改革实践表明,解决网络产业严重的信息不对称问题是设置规制机构的主要目标。在设计规制机构过程中,正确处理集权与分权规制、专业化与跨产业规制、职能与综合规制之间的关系是达到规制目标的保证。结合影响我国规制机构改革和设计的主要因素,文章认为,我国宜实行垂直跨产业综合规制为主的机构模式。     

经济政策不确定性视角下宏观杠杆的调控效应及其策略选择

新常态下保证宏观杠杆稳步下降是供给侧结构性改革的重要任务之一。以中国经济政策不确定性为门限变量,构建了包括经济政策不确定性、宏观经济政策以及宏观杠杆在内的门限结构向量自回归(T-SVAR)模型,研究高低两种政策不确定性区制下我国需求端货币政策与财政政策以及供给端金融改革政策对宏观杠杆的调控效应。结果显示,三种政策均存在明显的门限效应且在中长期内均出现逆转,区别在于,虽然货币政策对宏观杠杆的短期作用效果最为显著,但当政策不确定性水平快速攀升时,其调控效果会略微降低,而此时财政政策和金融供给侧结构性改革能有效平抑过高的杠杆率增速,且在长期依旧保持一定的调控效果。因此,央行在对宏观杠杆进行调控时应依据各政策调控效应的阶段性特征进行搭配使用,同时通过推进资本市场基础性制度改革,优化融资结构,为实现宏观政策调控效果的最大化奠定基础。     

Regulatory regimes and efficiency in US local telephony

The paper assesses the efficiency consequences of differentregulatory regimes for US local telephony. Specifically, alternativeregulatory regimens (price-cap regulation and incentive regulation)are contrasted with traditional rate-of-return regulation (ROR).Relative efficiency scores are obtained from the Data EnvelopmentAnalysis (DEA) approach. The regression analysis on the determinantsof efficiency, after controlling for technical change effects,indicates that alternative forms of regulation appear to inducea higher level of efficiency for the regulated firms than ROR.     

环境规制对工业绿色创新的本地影响及空间溢出效应

对2008—2019年30个省区市的环境规制强度及工业绿色创新绩效的空间相关性检验表明,地方政府间存在环境规制竞争行为且绿色创新在省区间具有空间关联性。利用动态空间杜宾模型并结合偏微分方程的实证研究表明,从全国范围考察,命令型环境规制对工业绿色创新的本地影响多数情况下表现为正向且影响系数较强,说明其明显发挥了创新倒逼效应,而公众参与型环境规制的倒逼效应相对较弱,规制效果存在明显的政策差异。因一部分地区环境标准的提高促使污染企业或项目向环境标准宽松的地区转移,从而阻碍了承接转移地区的工业绿色创新进程,致使环境规制对其他地区绿色创新的负向溢出效应显现。