积极稳妥地推进中国特色的社会主义政治文明建设

建设社会主义政治文明既是对历史经验的总结，又是现实发展的需要，意义重大。建设社会主义政治文明应从中国的实际出发，积板稳妥地进行。首先要明确中国社会主义政治文明建设的目标；要正确把握和处理好社会主义政治文明建设同物质文明建设、精神文明建设之间的关系，做到“三个文明”协调发展；要正确认识和处理好社会主义政治文明同人类政治文明成果之间的批判和借鉴关系，做到既解放思想又从中国实际出发；关键是实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化、程序化。     

浅析新形势下多党合作制度与社会主义民主政治

多党合作和政治协商制度是我国的一项基本政治制度，是建设中国特色社会主义政治的重要内容。随着社会形势的发展变化，多党合作制度也面临一些新的考验和挑战。要适应时代的变化。积极推进多党合作的制度化、规范化，加强执政党和参政党的建设，优化党际关系模式，推动社会主义民主政治的新发展。     

以农为本：建设社会主义新农村的根本理念

以农为本，是我们党和国家把科学发展观的核心理念落实到“三农”问题上的具体体现，是建设社会主义新农村的根本理念。其基本内涵包括：一切为了农民，进一步依靠农民，更好地塑造农民。落实“以农为本”的根本理念，需要处理好新农村建设与城市化的关系；处理好经济建设与社会发展的关系：处理好立足当前和着眼长远的关系。     

漫谈合作社文化

合作思想的产生是一种文化现象。合作思想是在生产实践中产生的。十九世纪中叶，随着社会生产的发展和社会分工的出现，人们逐渐懂得，不合作就不能进一步发展，社会就不能进步。要合作就会发生人与人之间的关系，并且要把关系处理好，因而就有人提出了处理人与人之间关系的仁爱、信义和互帮互助的原则。这就要求人们有更高的思想修养和文化素质，     

学习践行雷锋精神的若干思考

本文阐述了雷锋精神的丰富内涵及学习雷锋精神的现实意义。提出了把学习雷锋精神常态化的具体措施，以及要处理好的几个关系问题。指出在学雷锋过程中，要处理好说与做、上和下、长与短、高与低的关系。要做到领导干部带头学；从青少年抓起学；从现在做起，从身边的小事做起；营造浓厚的学习氛围；搭建学雷锋的活动载体。实现学雷锋活动常态化发展...     

精神文明建设要处理好经济效益与社会效益的关系

经济效益与社会效益的关系，是在社会主义市场经济条件下进行精神文明建设必须处理好的关系。处理好这个问题，有利于社会主义精神文明建设；反之，不但不利于精神文明建设，而且有害于精神文明建设。因此十四届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于加强社会主义精神文明建设若干重要问题的决议》指出：“文化产品具有不同于物质产品的特殊属性，对人们的思想道德和科学文化素质有重要影响。要坚持把社会效益放在首位，力求实现社会效益和经济效益的最佳结合”。在现实生活中，有些人摆不正社会效益与经济效益的关系，在文化产品的生产中一切向钱看…     

增强全民族文化创造活力必须正确处理八个关系

本文认为,建设社会主义文化强国,增强全民族文化创造活力,关键是要处理好八个方面的关系:一是要处理好抓文化和抓发展的关系;二是要处理发展公益性文化事业和发展经营性文化产业的关系;三是要处理好发挥政府主导性作用和鼓励社会力量广泛参与的关系;四是要处理好尊重外来优秀文化和发展壮大民族文化的关系;五是要处理好弘扬主旋律和提倡多样化的关系;六是要处理好现代文化和传统文化的关系;七是要处理好促进文化繁荣和加强文化管理的关系;八是要处理好群体文化、行业文化和地域文化之间的关系。     

珠江三角洲与长江三角洲工业化的比较与思考

本文通过比较两地二次工业化的进程，认为两地在区位条件和海外因素；政策条件、微观基础和市场结构等方面有着重要差异，因而各有优劣势。在面临新挑战、新困难的未来发展中，作者提出两地要处理好非均衡增长的“极化”与“扩散”效应的关系；培育各自有优势的主导部门，优化产业结构；发展外向型经济，拓展市场空间；有效推进工业现代化必须处理好的几个重要关系。     

构建和谐的天津农村合作金融

构建社会主义和谐社会是举国上下为之奋斗的目标，需要落实和分解到每一个具体环节之上。具体到农村合作银行，其目标就是需要构建以人为本、科学发展、开拓创新、内外和谐的农村合作银行。为此，需要处理好以下几方面的关系：     

以人为本构建和谐医院

以病人为中心，提供优质的医疗服务，构建和谐医院是医院的永恒主题。从当前医疗发展趋势和人民群众的医疗需求来看，构建和谐医院须切实建立和处理好“四大关系”。即处理好医务人员与患者的关系；处理好医院自身发展与满足群众医疗卫生需求的关系；建立医务人员和谐的工作关系；处理好人才外部引进与内部培养的关系。在医院内部营造和谐向上的工作环境。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.