当代中国宪政建设的路径分析

宪政是现代社会一种最合理的政治制度,实现宪政是现代国家政治的根本标志和常规形态,宪政之于中国可以说还是一个复杂而艰巨的系统工程.要推进我国宪政建设必须加强我国的各项制度建设,积极培育公民的宪政意识,并且切实加强对公民权利的保护,高度重视宪法的监督实施.     

土地征收问题所引发的宪政与民主的兼容问题探析

随着宪政大环境的完善和土地征收问题研究的日益深入,土地征收中所引发的宪政与民主是否能够兼容成为人们争议的焦点,本文仅从宪政与民主的关系角度分析,论述了二者不同阶段的动态变化的兼容性问题。     

创建发展一套健全的中国宪政理论——强世功有关中国宪政形式主义与合法性问题的论述

宪政原本是一种建立国家的方法,但这个概念逐渐演变成为一种大众民主和民意的表达形式,之后又以跨国宪政主义的形式迈向全球化。在诸多现代宪政体制中,基于马克思列宁主义理论的一党制度一直颇具争议性。这篇文章将关注强世功对中国一党宪政制度合理性及合法性的论述。本文同时还将探讨强世功针对中国制度所提出的一种结合基本民主机制与中国共产党代表性的一党宪政体系。强世功的研究并没有停留在有关合法性问题讨论的阶段上,他更关注的是中国宪政如何根据自身的逻辑实现长远发展。中国宪政发展取决于如何处理公民教育以及党与政府分权这两个关键问题。中国宪政秩序的核心为其独有的分权模式,即政府机构的行政权力(包括依法行政)与共产党的政治权力(包括国家宪法规范)之间的区分。     

如何探索中国的宪政道路?——对白轲教授的回应

本文回顾了作者研究中国宪政秩序的学术背景,即在回应"宪法司法化"主张过程中,从法律社会学和法律政治学的视角来探索中国实际存在的宪政体制,从而将中国共产党作为"事实上的主权者"纳入到中国宪政研究中。作者讨论了白轲教授和他的诸多共同观点,回应了白轲教授提出的几个问题,阐明福柯和卢梭的主权观对理解中国宪政秩序的重要意义,以及法律人与中国宪政体制之间的微妙关系,同时指出他与白轲教授对中国共产党的理解和定位的不同。作者认为,要探索中国宪政的道路必须关心更大的理论问题,包括思考历史是否终结,普适价值如何中国化以及中国应当如何学习西方的历史经验等,从而走出中国自己的宪政道路。     

宪政理念更新与经济体制转型的关系研究

中国经济的发展经历了从计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变.经济体制的转型使得宪政理念由传统走向了现代.本文阐述了中国经济体制改革的目标,分析了宪政理念的更新与经济体制转型的关系,并进一步提出了完善宪政机制的要求,以期宪政理念更好的为经济体制转型服务.     

行政行为法制化的宪政价值

文章梳理了从行政行为法制化、行政法到宪法、宪政的逻辑关系,再进一步分析了中国缺乏宪政背景的这个现实情况,最后得出结论:在当前中国,行政行为法制化具有极大的宪政价值,推动行政行为法制化的过程也就是推动宪政的过程.     

新制度经济学缘起之意识形态归因透析

新自由主义是新制度经济学的价值支撑。新制度经济学充当了新自由主义在当代中国的代言人。作为一种新自由主义思潮,新制度经济学缘起之意识形态归因主要有:凯恩斯主义的失效与福利国家的"破产"、自由主义思潮在经济领域的修正发展、经济全球化大肆渲染的资本主义意识形态及社会主义与资本主义两种制度的并存、竞争与对立等。对新制度经济学缘起之意识形态归因的透析有助于深刻认识其本质。     

不同宪政秩序下的转轨路径与转轨绩效--"北京共识"的内涵与应用

文章从对"北京共识"的认识出发,认为对于发展中的转轨经济国家,转轨中的制度选择对转轨的绩效至关重要,各国应该结合各自的国情,走适合自己的发展道路.文章设计了一个公共选择模型以解释各国间转轨效益的差异.转轨的成本不仅取决于经济考虑,更取决于政治的因素.政治选择影响新制度安排的效率,因此与转轨成本正相关.中国在转轨中选择了宪政平滑变迁的方式,这可在短期内化解转轨的经济体制成本和政治体制成本问题.     

当代大学生主流意识形态教育对策研究

当代中国社会主流意识形态是以马克思主义为指导思想的社会主义核心价值体系,意识形态教育作为统治阶级服务的角色,承担着传播统治阶级意识形态的重要作用。当代大学生代表了中国的未来和希望,对当代大学生进行社会主义主流意识形态教育,不仅关系着大学生个体的成长,而且关系到国家和民族的发展,社会的进步。文章从加强主流意识形态教育的实效性,丰富主流意识形态教育途径和优化主流意识形态教育环境三个方面对当代大学生主流意识形态教育的对策进行了深入的研究。     

论自由主义宪政在发展中所面临的困境

长期以来，人们一直将民主制度作为宪政必不可少的内容，但是随着后现代法学理论的不断发展，宪政在其发展过程中遇到了前所未有的挑战。他不仅没有促进民主制度的发展，反而从某种意义上限制了民主制度的发展。本文就从宪政发展的发展史以及民主制度发展的概念出发分析和梳理宪政发展过程中所遇到的问题，并提出了不成熟的解决方案。     

The normal, the natural, and the harmonic

Use is made of rigorous definitions for the terms normal, natural, and harmonic to reveal a number of unfamiliar aspects about them. The Gaussian distribution is not sufficient to determine who is normal, and fluctuations above or below a natural-growth curve may or may not be natural. A recipe for harmonically sustained natural growth requires that the overlap during the substitution process must be limited. As a consequence the overall growth process must experience good as well as bad “seasons”.     

The brain, the mind, and the future

Within psychology, brain research, and the sciences generally there has been a greater emphasis on the investigation of phenomena in terms of present and past than in terms of the future. This restriction in time frame has led not only to a fragmentation of theory and research in all the sciences, but also, in a time of great social, political, and economic change, to a failure by social science to provide the kind of guidance through improved prediction that might help ease our passage through this global turbulence. To remedy this situation much more work is needed in the relevant areas of brain research, in a closely wedded psychology of consciousness and the mind as a whole, and eventually in artificial intelligence and systems analysis as a means of testing and advancing theory. This article examines the basis for such an advance in the work of Luria, Pribram, and others with the frontal brain; Sperry, Bogen, and others with brain hemispheric differences; and von Neumann and others in artificial intelligence and systems analysis. It examines the nature of the prediction task philosophically and psychologically, states a model for brain functioning and forecasting suggested by a synthesis of prior research, and reports the supporting evidence for this model from philosophy, psychology, cybernetics, and recent experimental and field studies. It closes with a consideration of needs for continuing research and the implications of advancement in this area for science and society.     

Luddites, the industrial revolution, and the demographic transition

Technological change was unskilled-labor-biased during the early industrial revolution, but is skill-biased today. This implies a rich set of non-monotonic macroeconomic dynamics which are not embedded in extant unified growth models. We present historical evidence and develop a model which can endogenously account for these facts, where factor bias reflects profit-maximizing decisions by innovators. In a setup with directed technological change, and fixed as well as variable costs of education, initial endowments dictate that the early industrial revolution be unskilled-labor-biased. Increasing basic knowledge then causes a growth takeoff, an income-led demand for fewer but more educated children, and a transition to skill-biased technological change in the long run.     

Megatrends, the annual report, possibilities

The successful leader and manager have two very important challenges: to scan the horizon and not be thrown into crisis by not seeing predictable surprises, and to recognize the longer, more pervasive trends that are in the distant future. An annual autopsy of the past year and a review of the years ahead will not only fulfill the requirements for an annual report, but will be a learning experience for the team. When we are open to new ideas, lead by inviting dialogue rather than demanding, and openly trust, believe in, and inspire others, the organization will also adopt these values as its operating framework. Our annual plans will then be living documents that create the roadmap for excellence.     

Economic Growth, Inequality, Democratization, and the Environment

We augment the Stokey (1998) model by allowingagents to differ with respect to environmentalquality and income in order to analyze theimpact of income and environmental inequality,and of democratization on aggregate pollution.We find that the impact of a more equal incomedistribution depends on the degree ofdemocracy. In a complete democracy a more equalincome distribution generates, ceterisparibus, less pollution, which is consistentwith indirect empirical evidence, whereas theopposite is the case if democratic rights arehighly restricted. Furthermore, ademocratization is argued to typically lowerboth the income and the environmental qualityof the median voter. In this case, if, inutility terms, the fall in environmentalquality is worse than the fall in consumptionthe median voter decides to tightenenvironmental legislation so that aggregatepollution decreases.     

The effects of the external debts of Mexico,Brazil, Argentina,Venezuela, and the Philippines on the United States

The external debts of developing countries have become a major issue recently, prompting debate among both academicians and policy markers. In this paper, the author describes the origins and history of debt problem, summarizes proposals for policies for creditor nations, and estimates the effects of debt-related austerity in five major debtor nations on US imports, exports, net exports, and output in 1985. He concludes that debt-related austerity was responsible for 11.0% of the US merchandise trade deficit in that year, caused decreases in US net trade in 40 to 61 non-service industries studied and decreases in output in 46 industries, and caused a decrease of 0.5% in GNP.

Neither a borrower nor a lender be;

For loan oft loses both itself and friend,

And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

William Shakespeare (Hamlet, I. iii. 75)