面向客户的生产能力设计

在传统的生产能力分配与计划中,企业往往以成本最小化与利润最大化为目标安排生产计划.基于客户管理的思想,本文提出一种新思路--面向客户的生产能力设计.并构造了层次分析法(AHP)和线性规划(LP)混合模型.在该模型中,将客户的重要性和风险度一并考虑,并提出了评价指标体系.同时进一步引入了不同级别的客户对于产品种类的选择偏好,从而确定分配给每个客户不同产品类别的数量.     

基于遗传算法的分销配送网络模型及求解

从供应链的集成和协调的角度出发,提出了在单工厂、多产品、多分销中心、多客户环境下,考虑需求分配的分销网络优化设计模型。模型体现了在设计分销网络时,根据各客户区对不同产品各种费用情况,合理地选择分销中心并将各客户区对不同产品的需求分配到各个分销中心,以降低分销环节的总费用。针对该模型,通过遗传算法,选择恰当的编码方法,快速求解模型,并通过实例验证了优化模型的正确性和算法的有效性。     

试析辅助生产成本分配中的成本管理

本文从成本管理的角度探讨了辅助生产成本分配中分配标准的选择问题,并得出以下结论:辅助生产成本分配应采用计划分配率法;辅助生产成本中的固定成本的分配应选择与变动成本不同的分配方法,且选择生产能力比选择预计使用量作分配标准更具有管理激励作用。     

多指标炮兵火力分配模型

为解决炮兵火力分配方案选择的随意性和盲目性,建立了基于0-1规划的多指标优选模型,并通过实例分析说明了模型在炮兵火力分配计划中的应用,结论表明该分配优选模型的实用性与有效性,为炮兵火力分配与优选提供了一种定量和定性相结合的可行方法。     

生产能力限制条件下多项产品动态批量计算法

在组织多项产品批量生产时,如果计划期内的各个期间的生产能力固定不变而各项产品的需求量则随期间而变化,在这种情况下,编制生产作业计划或产品进度计划的核心问题是生产能力约束条件下,合理确定各项产品在各个期间的生产批量,使其既满足各期间对各项产品的需求,又使整个计划期的产品生产和贮存费用最低。为了解决这个问题,可以建立生产能力约束条件下的多项产品动态批量模型,并通过模型分析与求解获得最优解。但当产品种类和计划期包含的期间较多时,模型变得冗繁,模型求解需要使用专门的计算程序,模型的建立需要一定的数学知识。鉴于上述原因,在生产实践中,动态模型法的推广与应用受到一定限制。本文阐明的计算方法,虽不能保证得到最优解,但计算方法简单,易于掌握,并可得到接近最优的解。     

基于 AHP-OVP 模型的银行信贷客户选择评价研究

文章针对国内外关于银行信贷客户选择评价方法研究存在的不足,将层次分析法(AHP)与密切值法(OVP)有机结合,构建了 AHP-OVP 评估模型,引入到银行信贷客户的选择中,并对模型进行了检验,结果表明该方法能有效的对银行信贷客户进行选择,并在一定程度上弥补了以往银行信贷客户选择评价方法的一些缺陷.     

面向客户体验的B2C电子商务服务过程分析与优化

针对目前B2C电子商务服务客户体验差、满意度和忠诚度低的问题,本文在分析B2C电子商务服务过程客户体验接触点、建立B2C电子商务服务过程前后台分离模型的基础上,从价值链模型的业务流程和以接触点为中心的资源整合分配两个方面,提出了B2C电子商务服务价值链模型和价值链上各活动优化的基本思路,论述了基于过程、线上线下和信息技术支持三个维度的资源整合分配优化方法,为改善B2C电子商务服务客户体验提供了理论参考。     

浅探作业成本法与ERP系统的整合

作业成本法和ERP(企业资源计划)都是20世纪80年代末后发展起来的新兴的管理方法.作业成本法,着眼于"作业",依据作业资源的消耗情况(资源动因)将资源成本分配到作业,再依据作业对最终成本的贡献方式(作业动因)将作业成本追踪归集到产品,由此得出最终产品的成本.ERP系统是一个集合企业内部的所有资源来进行有效的计划和控制,以达到最大效益的集成系统.它是以实现信息流、物流、资金流、价值流和业务流的有机集成和提高客户满意度为目标,以计划与控制为主线,以网络和信息技术为平台,集客户、市场、销售、采购、计划和业务流程重组等功能模块为一体,面向供应链管理的现代企业管理方法.     

基于客户终身价值和客户忠诚度的电信客户细分研究

讨论了基于客户终身价值的客户细分方法。针对电信企业的客户特点,提出了一个基于客户当前价值、客户潜在价值和客户忠诚度的三维电信客户细分模型;并针对不同的细分群体提出相应的保持策略,以便电信企业能够合理地配置其资源,提高企业效益。     

基于项目制造的敏捷ERP系统研究

项目制造是一种面向订单设计的生产类型。项目制造以满足客户的个性化需求为目标，其产品(如大型专用设备、飞机、舰艇、坦克等)是根据客户要求定制的。项目制造具有产品结构复杂，生产周期长，对资源计划、能力均衡、成本控制与交货期控制要求很高等特点。因此，项目制造企业如何有效调配生产资源，均衡生产能力，迫切需要先进的管理手段和工具。     

为时尚产品选择合适的供应链战略

将供应链战略的选择研究聚焦于一个特殊产品类别——时尚产品,通过研究其特点和传统供应链所面临的挑战,总结出最适合它的供应链战略。同时,由一个实际案例,即一个成功的时尚产品提供商的供应链战略以及它的运作方式,进一步论证了前面提出的理论。     

Projection pursuit regression and disaggregate productivity effects: the case of the Indian blast furnaces

Productivity of blast furnaces in India is studied by disaggregating the production process and the utilization process. A dimension‐reducing nonparametric approach—projection pursuit regression—is used. We find that productivity can be increased significantly by improving the quality of coal. There is no evidence that executives have a positive marginal product. The production workers have a negative marginal product for the production process and a positive one for the utilization process. But the training of executives has a positive effect whereas that of the production workers has a negative effect on productivity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capabilities and utilities

This paper deals with the problem of looking for resource allocation mechanisms which would be accepted as just in Sen's capabilities framework. We start by suggesting a way of simplifying Sen's idea of capability by using acapability index which measures the ability of a person to function. Then we look for mechanisms providing allocations which could be deemedjust, in pure distribution problems. An allocation will be called just when its corresponding capabilities are leximin suprema. We provide a characterization result of this mechanism in a framework which mimics Roemer's bargaining in economic environments, in which the role of utility functions is now played by capability indices. When a positive relationship between capability indices and utilities exist, just allocations are optimal in utility terms.     

基于MINITAB的质量管理分析

本文应用MINITAB软件对温州某制造公司轴锻件中平衡轴的质量数据进行了质量控制分析,通过对质量数据的正态性检验、控制图绘制以及过程能力指数的计算等方式,判断出生产过程的质量现状,为企业改进产品质量提供了有效参考。     

浅谈作业成本法在水泥包装机械中的应用

随着高新科技时代的到来和市场竞争的加剧,先进的生产制造技术和管理办法开始被广泛采用,制造环境发生了很大变化。随着企业生产方式的变化,导致产品成本结构的重大变化,直接材料、直接人工的成本所占比重下降,而制造费用的比例却大幅度的上升。传统的成本计算方法会导致产品成本的扭曲,这对企业的成本管理会产生很多的误区。文章针对水泥包装机产品进行作业成本法运用的探讨,为企业降低成本寻找一种新思路,改变传统方法带来的计算方法不适应性、成本核算内容的局限性和成本控制的无效性等问题,使产品成本发生的歪曲降低并为企业经营决策的正确性提供指导作用。     

新李嘉图模型:古典定律的当代复兴与拓展构想

新李嘉图模型研究的兴起推动了生产率核心范式重返比较优势问题讨论的视野。然而,当代生产率承载比较优势的新机理,却受到非完全竞争因素和要素禀赋结构异质性及动态化的双重影响。本文一方面探讨开发完全竞争假设改变后新李嘉图模型构造的新古典化处理的技术路径,改进基于产品品种考虑的生产率测度方法;另一方面,鉴于经典的C-D生产函数及其衍生模型难以准确反映开放经济中要素禀赋结构异质性及动态化的现实,借助对Uzawa两部门模型的讨论,建立用来表达要素密集性异质分布和动态变化的影响参数,设定面向经典生产函数的一阶约束条件,首次实现Rybczynski效应的可计算模型化及其同经典生产函数的整合。     

Allocation inequality in cost sharing problem

This paper considers the problem of cost sharing, in which a coalition of agents, each endowed with an input, shares the output cost incurred from the total inputs of the coalition. Two allocations—average cost pricing and the Shapley value—are arguably the two most widely studied solution concepts to this problem. It is well known in the literature that the two allocations can be respectively characterized by different sets of axioms and they share many properties that are deemed reasonable. We seek to bridge the two allocations from a different angle–allocation inequality. We use the partial order: Lorenz order (or majorization) to characterize allocation inequality and we derive simple conditions under which one allocation Lorenz dominates (or is majorized by) the other. Examples are given to show that the two allocations are not always comparable by Lorenz order. Our proof, built on solving minimization problems of certain Schur-convex or Schur-concave objective functions over input vectors, may be of independent interest.     

Organizational adaptation to disruptions in the natural environment: The case of climate change

Dynamic and intensified changes in the global ecosystem result in significant disruptions to the natural environment. One of the most prominent examples of this is climate change and the resulting natural disasters. As firms are embedded within the natural environment, they need to adapt to any environmental disruptions that transpire. Using Swiss and Austrian electric utilities as case studies, this paper empirically explores the underlying organizational capabilities necessary to enable adaptation to climate-related disruptions to a firm's resource supply, production processes, and product distribution. Through a case- and literature-based iterative process of analytical induction, three organizational capabilities are derived: climate knowledge absorption as an essential information generating and internalizing capability, climate-related operational flexibility as a short-term adjustment capability, and strategic climate integration as a long-term, innovation-focused capability.     

Extending Rosenberg's idea about conjoint effects

In Rosenberg's work can be found the basis for both a path analytical approach-where relationships between variables are explained—and an R Square measurement—where a variable is explained—for nominal variables. The first approach has been expanded enormously by different authors. In this article we dig into the R Square alike problem. The ideas of predictability and accounted variation—in terms of percentage changed over time—and a simple statistic like percentages are on the basis of the measurements that we present, with a similar aim as the R square, but applied to contingency tables. For cross-sectional data this measurement is based on the percentage of cases in a category of the dependent variable for the particular combination of categories of the predictor ones making this figure as big as possible. We call this measurement the Coefficient of Predictability, P Square, and its value can be interpreted as the percentage of unpredictability which is accounted for by the variables in the model. With change data we try to explain why the percentage of cases in a category of a variable changes over time. This means that we have to look at the relationship between time and this variable, controlling for another set of variables. The variation is explained when the relationship gets down to zero, and the closer to this value, the better the explanatory power of the variables in our model. We call D Square to this measurement of accounted variation.     

湖北省农产品冷链物流发展机遇与对策

根据湖北省农业发展十二五规划,到2015年,该省主要农产品产量将有大幅提高,尤其是果蔬、生猪、肉类、水产品以及蛋、奶产量。规划指出,要统筹利用国际国内两个市场,大力培植特色农产品出口生产基地,发展外向型农业。规划带来的直接需求就是对生鲜易腐农产品冷冻加工、冷冻储藏、冷冻运输以及冷藏销售能力的提升。这为该省农产品冷链物流发展提供了千载难逢的机遇和挑战。湖北省农产品冷链建设基础设施薄弱,整体物流水平较低,信息化程度落后,物流企业小、弱、散,难以担当重任。为把握机遇,提出应统筹编制农产品冷链物流发展规划,健全行业标规,加大政府投入,培育龙头企业,主抓骨干市场,建立高效完整的信息网络。