我国应急信息系统及其管理架构

当前,突发事件应对已成为各级政府无法回避的重大课题。作为应急管理的稳压器、协调器和控制器,应急信息的有效传播和应用对突发事件的科学应对至关重要,而对我国应急信息系统及其管理架构尤其值得深入研究。     

应对突发事件中的媒体作为

伴随着经济的发展和社会的进步,各类突发事件呈上升趋势,加强应急管理尤其是应急信息管理至关重要。在应对突发事件中,新闻传媒对舆论的导向作用不可忽视,媒体对政府相关职责的监督应该有所作为。     

突发事件下我国农产品应急物流体系建设初探

近些年,突发事件给我国经济、社会造成了巨大打击和损失。在突发事件发生后,需要第一时间做出响应,及时有效的将各种救灾物资调配至受灾地。目前,我国的应急物流体系还不健全,存在着诸多问题。特别是与农产品相关的应急物流体系,具体表现在缺少统一的应急管理组织体系,农产品物流设施陈旧、技术落后,受灾地信息获取方式失真,供需比例失衡,农产品市场建立以及补偿机制不规范等。本文概述了突发事件下的农产品应急物流体系,分析了突发事件下农产品应急物流体系建设原则以及存在的常见问题,并提出了推进基于突发事件的农产品应急物流体系建设的措施。     

防范生鲜农产品供应链突发事件的应急模式研究

近年来,我国生鲜农产品农户突发事件频发。农户独立应对突发事件面临资源获取能力和应急能力欠缺等问题,为此本文提出从供应链管理的视角探讨三种农户突发事件应急模式。     

社会组织参与突发事件治理研究

2020年新冠肺炎疫情的爆发向我国应急体系提出巨大的挑战,在抗疫攻坚战中,社会组织成为不可或缺的力量.本文基于SWOT-CLPV模型,分析社会组织参与突发事件治理过程中的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁以及杠杆作用、抑制作用、脆弱性、问题性,并基于此模型提出社会组织未来参与突发事件治理的对策.     

社会组织参与地方应急管理的实践问题及其优化路径

随着风险社会的到来,传统的工作制度和治理结构遇到了极大的挑战,尤其在面临重大突发公共事件时,常规的行政控制型应急管理模式已经无法高效应对复杂多样的形势局面。面对高度复杂的、不确定且频发的突发事件及经济转轨、社会转型的现实趋势,地方应急管理与社会组织的“命令型”上下级关系日渐失灵,亟需向“治理型”的合作关系演进,不断夯实地方应急管理基础、提升地方应急管理的效能。本文以风险社会、社会组织和应急管理等相关理论为依据,通过文献研究和案例分析法对社会组织参与地方应急管理的困境进行归纳剖析,并从法治体系建设、组织能力培育、社社交流渠道和政社协同联动四个维度进行深描研究,以提出有利于我国地方应急救援型社会组织发展的建议,进一步提升社会组织参与应急管理的意识和能力。     

创新农产品质量安全应急管理

正应急管理为农产品质量安全监管提供保驾护航的作用,事关社会对农业部门工作绩效的整体评价。进入质量兴农的农业发展新时代,我国农产品质量安全应急管理面临新的形势。目前,农业部门的农产品质量安全应急管理,主要包括三个方面的工作:一是突发事件应急处置,二是信息报送和舆情应对,     

高校档案应急管理体系研究

面对突发事件的挑战,高校档案机构亟待加强档案应急管理。本文论述高校档案应急管理体系建设。     

农村社会突发事件基本特征分析

农村社会突发事件既包括大型农业自然灾害,也包括突发性的紧急事件或危机事件.本文分析了农村社会突发事件中紧急事件、危机事件、灾害事件和群体性事件等四种基本形态的个性特征,分别指出了各种突发事件处置不当可能造成的严重社会损害后果,并提出了相应的识别、应急及善后处置对策.     

城市风险治理问题与对策

社会的快速发展伴随着风险的逐渐上升,风险演变而成的突发事件对人民群众的生命和财产安全造成极大的威胁,对国家应急管理体系和应急管理能力提出挑战.本文在梳理风险治理相关文献基础上,分析风险演变过程,并针对性地提出对策建议.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.