21世纪中国旅游地理学的新领域：旅游资源非优区研究

21世纪世界旅游业表现出良好的发展势头与新特点，为旅游地理学提出了新任务，但现有研究领域存在局限性，旅游业发展的现实呼唤旅游资源非优区研究。国内外旅游资源非优区的相关研究已形成了一定的成果，为进一步研究打下了基础。近期亟待研究理论方法及其应用，以完善理论体系，指导旅游开发实践。     

中国旅游教育研究综述

随着旅游业的发展 ,中国旅游教育蓬勃兴起 ,成为旅游业发展的重要支撑。本文从中国旅游教育的发展、旅游学科建设、旅游教育结构体系以及高等旅游教育的性质、课程设置等方面对中国旅游教育的研究进行了简略综述。提出了今后需要进一步研究的有关旅游教育的理论和实际问题。     

中国旅游研究的多维视野--对国内与国外相关文献的评述

本文通过对大量英文和中文文献的检索和分析，以几个重要的主题作为阐述的基本框架。比较全面地分析了中国本土学者、外国学者以及旅居国外的中国学者对中国旅游问题的研究成果和基本观点，并对旅游研究过程中所呈现的基本趋势进行了讨论。通过这个分析，使国内同行得以一窥中国旅游问题在世界旅游论坛上被关注的程度，以及了解中国旅游研究与国外旅游研究的差别。本文提供的大量英文文献，也是相关研究领域的重要学术线索。     

定性旅游研究：表达规范与反思--基于2000-2013年《旅游学刊》载文分析

鉴于学科分野的原因，不同学科有着不同的定性研究表达传统，在学科内部的交流并不会形成交流障碍或批评焦点。而旅游研究是一个多学科交叉领域，定性研究方法及其成果表达常会形成分歧。文章在总结定性研究评价相关研究的基础上，以《旅游学刊》2000—2013年定性研究论文为分析对象，从定性旅游研究的表达规范与表达逻辑等几个方面对57篇样本文献进行元分析（meta-analysis），发现目前定性研究表达主要存在的问题是对研究问题的概念关系与理论框架、研究策略与研究方法过程介绍不充分，对研究问题与研究方法、研究材料与研究结论的逻辑一致性关注不够，对研究结论的可信度影响因素未进行充分说明。在此基础上，作者反思了旅游定性研究的发展趋势与关注重点。     

A Study into the Use of Management Science and Marketing Research Techniques in the Irish Tourism Industry

Abstract

The authors report the findings of a recent survey into the use of management science and marketing research techniques in the Irish tourism industry. Given the well documented benefits of these techniques for management decision making, the research was undertaken to explore the extent to which managers in the Irish tourism industry are aware of and use these techniques. The usefulness of these techniques has spawned a considerable expansion of the coverage of such topics throughout business studies programmes in the higher education sector internationally. The study examines whether what is being taught is being used in practice and if not why not. Overall, the results indicate that management science and marketing research practice in the Irish tourism industry do not seem to reflect their potential.     

Barriers to community capacity building for tourism development in communities in Shiraz,Iran

This paper illustrates barriers to community capacity building (CCB) in tourism development, based on a questionnaire survey of 175 community leaders carried out in the city of Shiraz in Iran. It builds on the work of other researchers who found that in developing countries, a lack of CCB is an influential barrier to tourism development. The study found that the main barriers to CCB are to be found at the organizational and community levels. The barriers did not manifest equally in every community and tend to exhibit higher intensity and greater persistence in the new district in comparison to the old historic district of Shiraz. Community members have restricted access to decision-making, a lack of resources, knowledge, skills and education and lack a sense of ownership with regard to tourism. The centralization of government is a further problem. This paper shows that concerned leaders, especially those involved in tourism industry, could utilize the results of this study in their efforts to resolve the barriers to tourism development in their communities.     

旅游研究中的系统思维方法：概念与应用

越来越多的学者认识到,旅游是一个开放性的复杂巨系统,系统思维与系统方法在旅游研究中的运用逐步得到重视。本文是对系统思维方法在旅游研究中的应用的研究综述,包括系统思维方法对定义旅游的概念和旅游的构成要素的应用,以及在旅游规划、区域旅游研究及旅游发展系统模拟等研究中的应用。国内研究尚处于综合性系统思维和概念应用阶段,而系统方法在理论和应用研究方面均需要进一步深入。     

旅游非正规就业的群体特征与行业满意度——以青岛和烟台的旅游非正规部门调查为例

文章回顾了国内外旅游非正规就业的研究文献,梳理了背后的研究脉络,构建了一个非正规就业的进入分析框架,提出了研究假说并进行了验证.文章以青岛和烟台的旅游非正规部门为例,利用第一手调研资料分析了旅游非正规就业群体的人口学特征和满意度,最后根据分析结果,提出相应的政策建议.     

关于旅游学科发展与旅游管理专业课程体系建设的思考

本文提出了中国旅游事业以及高等旅游教育与科研近30年发展中几个主要方面问题:旅游和高等旅游教育科研的所得和所失、旅游的基本性质、高等旅游教育的定性、旅游学能否成为一门独立学科、旅游学科体系的建设、旅游管理专业课程体系构成、旅游管理专业主干课程及内容的确定,分析了这些问题的根源.在此基础上集中阐述了作者对旅游学科定性和定位、旅游学科理论体系结构、旅游学科的研究方法论、旅游管理专业课程体系构建等问题的观点.     

旅游六要素的理论属性探讨

文章通过对旅游六要素理论的形成过程及其历史贡献的回顾,说明旅游六要素不仅是旅游产业结构的主体,而且在旅游学科体系中也居于基础性的地位.旅游六要素有自己的概念和原理体系,使旅游学具有应用学科性质.除了旅游学之外,没有一门别的学科能系统地把旅游六要素及其相关现象的发生发展规律作为自己特定的研究对象.旅游学科体系结构由三个层次的系统组成:一是主体系统(旅游六要素);二是动力系统;三是支撑系统.建立旅游六要素理论的目标就是要创新理性思维去促使六要素产出的综合效益达到最大化.文章还针对六要素结构系统中的主导因素变化分析了动力系统的形成机制问题.     

Roles of Films and Television Dramas in International Tourism: The Case of Japanese Tourists to the UK

It is believed that films and television dramas that are not directly concerned with tourism promotion have become a catalyst for tourism as publicity and promotional media for attracting tourists. This paper considers what roles films and television dramas play in influencing overseas tourists' behaviors in terms of their travel destination selection. The results from the survey of Japanese tourists to the UK gave evidence of a wide range of roles of films and television drams as different stages in respondents' destination choice processes. This paper concludes that films and television dramas have an ability to create destination awareness, consciousness, and images leading to a stronger interest in the destination and actual travel to the destination.     

The demand for Mi’kmaw cultural tourism: Tourist perspectives

This paper examines survey findings of tourist interest in Mi’kmaw cultural tourism in Nova Scotia. The results indicate a high interest in Mi’kmaw cultural tourism activities even though most tourists had not participated in Aboriginal tourism before. Further results indicate that tourists’ age, education and place of origin influence their level of interest in particular Mi’kmaw cultural tourism activities. Older tourists had lower interest in activities that required more time and physical activity whereas more-educated tourists had higher interest in participating in particular Mi’kmaw cultural tourism activities. Also, international tourists had the greatest interest in Mi’kmaw cultural tourism, especially activities that involved greater contact with the Mi’kmaw hosts.     

旅游目的地映象研究述评

旅游目的地映象概念自亨特1971年提出后,引起了学术界的广泛关注,并成为国外旅游学研究的热点问题之一.本文通过对国外有关旅游目的地映象研究文献的分析,从旅游目的地映象的内涵、目的地映象的形成、目的地映象研究的意义、测量与评估等方面进行了综述与评述.最后指出,国内旅游目的地形象设计研究较多,但至今国内旅游目的地映象研究成果有限,有待学者们进一步的探索.     

中国城市居民旅游需求空间差异及变化研究

时空差异及变化是我国旅游需求差异研究中不容忽视的问题。该研究是以我国旅游抽样调查主要的39个城市近10年来居民旅游需求变动数据为依据,通过旅游需求差异的测度和空间分析等方法,对我国城市居民旅游需求的空间差异及变化进行动态分析,结果显示:①各城市间旅游需求的绝对差异扩大,相对差异在较高的差异水平上下波动,这主要源于旅游人均花费存在较大的差异性及出游率出现σ分异;②旅游需求差异来源的空间分布表现出较大集中性,但随着极大偏离均值城市的差距减小,集中度也逐渐降低;③大部分城市旅游需求水平呈较平稳的增长趋势,一些城市表现出阶梯式推进的态势,同时少数城市具有较明显的跳跃性增长或下降趋势。④旅游需求差异的存在及其扩大主要源于三大地区内部的差异,特别是东部地区城市间的差异贡献率巨大,但其贡献率有明显的缩小趋势。     

Sustainability perspectives on Oulanka National Park,Finland: mixed methods in tourism research

This paper positions mixed methods as a complement to traditional qualitative and quantitative research. It provides an example of conducting mixed methods research by analysing the sociocultural sustainability of tourism as perceived by local stakeholders nearby Oulanka National Park in north-eastern Finland. Semi-structured interviews were linked concurrently to survey data from the same respondents. First, four discourses were identified based on 40 interviews with respondents about tourism development pertinent to the Protected Area Network (PAN) Parks international certification. Second, the differences between the representatives of the discourses were examined using non-parametric statistics. Results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis supplemented each other. The survey results supported the identification of four discourses and provided information about the representatives using the discourses. The discourse groups differed according to length of residence in the area, distance from the park, gender, employment in tourism, familiarity with PAN Parks, benefit from PAN Parks status, belief in the benefits of PAN Parks, satisfaction with tourism and park development, importance of the environmental dimension and satisfaction with various dimensions of sustainability. The study demonstrates that a better understanding of a problem may be acquired by using a mix of survey methods and interviews.     

In pursuit of a more just international tourism: the concept of trading tourism rights

Research on sustainable tourism mainly focuses on incoming tourism, and destination perspectives and impacts, and less on the focus of this paper – outgoing tourism. In this context, direct and personal access to tourism represents an equal right to all world citizens. Because this right has not been exercised equally, the world is divided into two parts, excess and deprived, tourism citizens and their nation-states. This paper proposes a more just tourism system to balance the rights of tourists to travel, with the right to development, equal tourism participation, and consumption of world resources. It draws on theories from Nozick and Rawls on rights and justice to ground our model, backed by the work of other writers including Hultsman, Higgins-Desbiolles, Jamal, and Camargo. It expands the definition of just tourism to activate tourism's potential to become a developmental force in the existing socio-economic global order. This potential is realised through the use of market-based economic instruments for the implementation of a just tourism system. It suggests how to create financial flows towards third world states for their development and modernisation, using the concept of tradable tourism certificates, a concept tested in emissions control, population, and land use planning.     

Consulting communities: using audience response system (ARS) technology to assess community preferences for sustainable recreation and tourism development

Audience response system (ARS) technology (also known as “clickers”) has emerged as an educational tool that promotes active learning. This paper describes how ARS works and how it can also be used in research to assess community preferences for tourism development. A case study that used ARS technology shows how stakeholder preferences for extraction, heritage tourism and recreation within two rural mountain economies in the US west were effectively assessed. The use of ARS was backed by situation assessment procedures to determine appropriate stimulus questions probing trade-offs, perceived costs/benefits and cultural fit. A detailed series of key results measured community preferences and were made available to guide policymaking and future empirical survey work. Public meeting arrangements, publicity, structure and moderation for the ARS work is described and discussed. Evaluation of the use of ARS technology showed high levels of participant satisfaction with both the technology and the situation assessment procedures, and the emergence of potential tourism development actions.     

自驾车旅游者的行为特征及空间效应分析

本文调查分析了自驾车旅游者的基本特征,并重点探讨了他们的消费特性、旅游偏好和消费空间分异特征,绘制了自驾车旅游者的出游意愿与可达机会的普雷德行为矩阵图.从对城市周边旅游地发展的促进作用和对旅游接待地服务体系完善两方面探讨了自驾车旅游者行为空间效应,认为自驾车旅游对城市周边的乡村旅游地、度假区的发展以及温冷型景区的升温具有较大的促进作用,同时对旅游目的地服务水平提高、乡村旅馆发展、旅游购物促进和旅游信息系统建设等起到重要作用.     

基于旅游产业化的一种动态教育模式安排

本文通过对近几年来我国旅游教育与旅游产业发展的状态比较 ,在抽样调查和实证数据分析的基础上 ,指出旅游教育与旅游产业发展过程中存在的一种均衡与非均衡状态 ,并提出了一种旅游教育与旅游产业协调发展的动态教育模式。     

An Examination of Changes in Residents' Perceptions of Tourism Impacts Over Time: The Impact of Residents' Socio-demographic Characteristics

This study investigates whether there has been a change in residents' perceptions of various tourism impacts over time and the impact of residents' socio-demographic characteristics on those changes. A survey of local residents (n?=?732 in 2004 and n?=?590 in 2009) was carried out for collecting the data for this study which was then followed by focus groups, conducted in 2012, consisting of academics, local residents and the tourism experts to validate the outcome from the survey. The results suggest that there has been significant increase in the level of agreement of the Sunshine Coast residents during this period on some of the tourism impacts such as job creation, attracting more investment, providing more business for local people and more cultural exchange between tourists and residents. The results also suggest that there is a significant decline in their perceptions of tourism negatively affecting the way of living of local residents and likelihood of residents suffering from living in a tourism destination. The residents also feel that there will be a decline in parks and other recreational areas for local residents with growth in tourism. The study also found that demographic variables such as age, gender, income, education and occupation are likely to influence residents' perceptions of tourism impact over time. Implications for future tourism development plans for the region are discussed.