零利率下限约束下中国混合型货币政策规则宏观调控效应研究北大核心

在国内经济下行和美联储货币政策溢出的背景下,我国名义利率受到较大下行压力。为此,本文在新凯恩斯主义模型框架下,基于零利率下限约束的视角,构建混合型货币政策规则,考察货币冲击、技术冲击与偏好冲击对宏观经济的影响,测算社会福利损失情况。研究结果表明,在基准模型中,扩张性货币政策带来了产出的增长,相比于价格型货币政策规则,虽然数量型货币政策规则的效果更好,但也提升了通胀水平,造成了一定程度的福利损失。当名义利率受到零利率下限约束时,由于名义利率工具失效,扩张性货币政策推升通胀的同时,也在更大程度上降低了实际利率,使得家庭消费得到更大提升。但通胀和产出缺口的波动更为剧烈,造成了更大的福利损失。当前,我国政策利率应避免落入零利率下限区间,依据稳增长与稳物价目标之间的权衡,根据数量型和价格型政策工具的有效组合,制定最优的混合型货币政策规则,使得调控更加精准有效。     

劳动市场摩擦与机会主义货币政策

本文在存在劳动市场摩擦的DSGE模型框架下考察机会主义货币政策的合理性。研究发现,当经济中存在显著的工资粘性、雇佣成本和搜寻匹配摩擦时,实行灵活通胀目标的机会主义货币政策在社会福利效果上优于以稳定通胀和产出缺口为目标的标准泰勒规则,并接近无约束最优政策的福利效果。因此在这些条件下,机会主义货币政策是中央银行合理的政策选择。     

失业波动、关税冲击与最优货币政策——基于新凯恩斯主义视角下的理论研究

在含有价格刚性和工资刚性的小国开放经济中,引入失业变量和关税冲击,通过对劳动力市场主要经济变量的分析,从理论和数量两个层面,对失业的波动情况进行了阐释。同时基于福利损失函数的推导,对最优货币政策和一些简单货币政策规则进行了讨论。研究表明:(1)正向的进口关税冲击可能导致本国失业率的下降,但失业率偏离稳态的幅度很小,在短期后即回复到稳态水平,并出现了“失业超调”现象;(2)与封闭情况下相同,失业的存在是由劳动力市场上的垄断势力造成的,失业波动的原因则与名义工资刚性的存在有关;(3)最优货币政策都是在减少国内价格通胀、工资通胀和产出缺口之间进行权衡;(4)盯住失业率的简单货币政策规则,在脉冲响应和总体福利损失两个视角下,均优于盯住产出缺口的简单规则。     

经常账户冲击、资本账户管理与中央银行货币政策操作

经常账户负向冲击及引发的宏观变量联动性通常对各经济体央行货币政策操作构成挑战。本文构建了融入经常账户冲击的小型开放经济DSGE模型,比较了采取不同资本账户管理工具(数量型和价格型)情景下,央行执行数量型货币政策规则、盯住CPI通胀泰勒规则、盯住PPI通胀泰勒规则下,经常账户负向冲击对货币政策操作的异质性影响及传导机制,并进行了福利分析。主要结论如下:第一,经常账户负向冲击将对本国央行货币政策操作构成一定影响;第二,资本账户管理可以成为缓冲经常账户负向冲击的防火墙,价格型资本账户管理工具与盯住PPI通胀泰勒规则相结合造成的福利损失较小;第三,经常账户贸易端与收益端双重负向冲击对一国货币政策操作的影响更大,但公众预期到的经常账户恶化对货币政策操作的影响将有所减弱。本文认为,转型经济体央行应倾向于执行价格型货币政策规则,最优货币政策应在稳定价格水平与缓释风险方面进行权衡,适度降低对名义汇率的关注度,稳慎推进资本账户开放进程,并可优先选择价格型资本账户管理工具。     

政府债务扩张导致通货膨胀的若干路径探究

本文从通货膨胀的角度阐述了政府债务对现实经济的影响。从理论分析与实践证明两方面分别就政府投资、购买、转移支付等路径揭示了政府债务的筹资与使用功能导致多种类型通胀的可能性,研究表明政府举债对于不同类型通货膨胀的发生密切相关,政府债务通过财政手段的赤字化、货币化、市场化和利率化等路径导致了通货膨胀的发生。     

耐用品、投资专有冲击与货币政策福利

本文构建蕴含耐用品与非耐用品的两部门DSGE模型,研究投资专有冲击对货币政策及社会福利的影响。投资专有技术进步改进了投资转化为生产资本的效率,放大边际成本波动,增加了厂商调价动机和价格水平变动。即使耐用品价格完全灵活,最优货币政策也无法同时稳定价格和实际GDP。研究发现:(1)耐用品相对价格缺口波动率的上升虽然增加了实际GDP波动,但能够有效地降低投资专有技术对边际成本的冲击,减少价格变动的福利损失。所以两部门投资专有冲击时,央行倾向于稳定价格水平。与其相反,在单部门投资专有冲击和两部门生产技术冲击时,最优货币政策应降低耐用品相对价格缺口波动,稳定实际GDP。(2)对比三种泰勒规则:钉住非耐用品PPI、钉住加权平均PPI及钉住CPI,福利分析发现钉住非耐用品PPI最优,钉住CPI次之,钉住加权平均PPI的福利损失最大。就损失程度而言,投资专有冲击的福利损失是生产技术冲击的2倍,表明投资专有冲击加剧了最优货币政策在稳定价格与实际GDP间的权衡。     

基于金融形势指数对我国货币政策效果非线性的实证研究

本文基于总需求方程缩减式构建包含利率、汇率、资产价格以及货币供给因素具有动态权重的金融形势指数FCI,将其作为信息变量纳入到线性和非线性泰勒规则中进行实证分析,结果表明拓展的前瞻性泰勒规则更能描述我国利率行为,利率能很好的反应金融形势而对产出和通胀反应不足。以通货膨胀率为转换变量对我国货币政策效果进行检验和估计表明泰勒规则是非线性的,存在LSR1模型的非线性形式,利率对通胀的反应是非对称的。对非线性进行拓展性研究表明当通胀达到一定程度时,利率和FCI指数才具有稳定关系。     

流动性约束视角下我国房价财富效应与最优利率规则研究

后危机时代中国房价的波动引起了广泛关注,如何利用以货币政策为代表的宏观调控抑制高房价透支未来经济发展的程度,成为当前管理层高度关注的焦点。本文建立了新凯恩斯模型框架分析房价波动如何通过流动性约束影响消费,从而揭示了中央银行货币政策与房价的财富效应之间的关系,得出最优利率规则中房价的最优权重随预期通胀、产出缺口、房价和名义利率而变动的结论。通过实证分析本文进而认为,利率规则比货币供应量更能迅速调控房价的增长和居民消费的扩张。中国房价上涨的财富效应虽然比较明显,但流动性约束的作用机制需要一个过程才能显现,利率调控的效果也有一个量变到质变的过程,从而在理论上为中央银行制定应对房价的利率政策提供了一定启示。     

有限理性、资产价格波动与泰勒规则

针对泰勒规则所存在的多重共线性、潜在产出无法精确计量和忽视资产价格等问题,本文基于有限理性假设和纳入货币供给因素对泰勒规则进行了修正。利用修正后的泰勒规则对我国经济数据进行实证研究发现。我国存在相对稳定的利率规则,并且这种利率规则在高通胀和低通胀阶段的形式有一定区别。在将货币因素纳入泰勒规则后,发现我国的利率规则并没有明显的变化,但是中央银行在操作利率时还是应高度关注货币供应量和信贷总量．以防止资产价格的大起大落。     

金融脆弱性与货币政策新框架选择

通过理论分析,区分了货币政策目标是否包含金融稳定两种情况下的政策效力以及框架选择。在分析传统货币政策框架不包含金融稳定目标时,借鉴Ball模型,构建了资产价格波动与货币政策反应之间的理论模型,模型表明:央行实施货币政策进行宏观调控采取的最优利率不仅取决于当期的产出与通胀缺口,同时还取决于资产价格变化及其随机扰动项,并就传统货币政策框架选择进行了探讨。在分析新货币政策框架包含金融稳定目标时,通过对Agur(2009)、Ague and Demertzis(2010)模型框架的修正与扩展,详细分析金融稳定对中央银行货币政策规则的影响。结果表明:如果中央银行的货币政策规则不考虑金融稳定目标,将导致最优利率出现系统性的低估,造成这种低估的原因或许在于未能长远考虑金融脆弱性所带来的通胀成本和潜在产出损失,造成货币政策决策的狭隘性与滞后性。因此考虑现实的金融脆弱性,现行的货币政策应该将金融稳定纳入其目标框架。相应政策启示是:建立科学的货币政策引导规则、加强社会沟通,发挥好市场预期引导作用、货币政策与宏观审慎政策协调搭配。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: