近代以来中西政府经济职能理念的演化:大历史角度的比较与启示

近代以来,关于政府经济职能理念的演进,中国与西方发达国家有各自的演化过程.西方在市场经济的基本原则下,政府干预与经济自由不时交替进行:从重商主义到自由放任主义再到政府干预的加强,最近又出现二者的融合趋势.而中国近代从一开始,就是一个被动和赶超的过程,尽管市场意识在某些时期出现松动,但政府一直占有主导地位.从西方的经验来看,我们应该坚持有限政府理念,同时又得发挥政府的催化作用.     

环境安全国之大计

新春伊始,中国经济的航船又驶入了一个新的年度.在经历了20多年的改革开放,经济高速发展后,国民对环境保护的认识已经跃上一个新的台阶.最近三年,环境和中国经济增长的关系,空前的胶结在一起.人们感同身受经历着中国经济的绿色化浪潮.在中国共产党第十六届三中全会、四中全会、五中全会,以及去年中央经济工作会议的公报中,我们可以看出,本届政府正在不遗余力地将中国经济纳入可持续发展的绿色轨道.     

不确定经济环境下稳增长目标的贯彻与地方投资战略

在当前复杂多变的经济环境中,稳增长已经成为中国经济发展的主基调.为了深入探讨如何使地方政府的思想和行动统一到中央政府对当前经济形势的研判上,本文构建委托—代理模型来研究上级政府和下级政府行政长官之间的关系.我们的研究拓展连续时间实物期权模型来决定不确定经济环境下地方政府主导的最优投资时机问题,也考虑下级政府行政长官可能存在的隐藏信息和隐藏行动的问题,从而得到了上级政府的最优激励契约设计.     

重塑经济法在市场经济中的主导地位

中国市场经济发展在飞速发展,发展中隐含着失控的隐患.政府如何运用宏观调控干预经济发展成为我们当前应当思考的问题.笔者认为应重塑经济法在中国市场经济中主导地位,发挥经济法干预经济之法与规范干预之法的双重作用,努力承担着规范市场秩序与规范国家经济权力的双重任务.     

政府扶持对江西省科技型中小企业发展的影响分析——解读政府政策的亮点

科技型中小企业在中国的经济体系中占有不可忽略的地位,试图从政府的扶持角度探讨江西政府在江西科技型中小企业发展过程中所发挥的作用.我们将视角主要集中在政府出台的一些政策上面,包括国家创新基金平台、小额担保贷款、小额贷款公司的成立以及创业板的推出等.通过对这些政策进行分析,可以看出政府的扶持对科技型中小企业的发展有着不可估量的作用.     

中国-东盟自由贸易区建设中的政府角色研究

拟于2010年建成的中国-东盟自由贸易区,将成为世界上由发展中国家组成的人口最多、规模最大的自由贸易区.研究政府在自由贸易区建设中的角色,这是经济全球化和区域经济一体化新形势下的一个重要课题.本文从政府与区域市场的逻辑关系、自由贸易区建设中的政府行为两个角度,论证政府在中国-东盟自由贸易区建设中的主导作用,并确定政府的具体职能.     

试论我国经济发展特征及就业趋势

改革开放以来,中国经济体制发生了巨大的变化.我国经济在总体发展过程中,呈现出周期性变动的特征.我们明显地感受到中国经济逐渐呈现出增长速度加快,波动幅度减小等趋势,市场调节作用日益明显,经济体制革新和法治建设的步伐逐渐加快,政府的宏观调控更加具有针对性,我国经济连续、稳定地增长.笔者结合我国当前经济发展的状况,对其发展特征和就业趋势作了简要的概述.     

集体议价程序与铁矿石价格谈判失利

本文试图探究2006年我国在铁矿石价格谈判上的失利原因及其经验教训.通过对国内钢铁生产结构性失衡问题和谈判策略的探讨,我们发现政府的谈判策略容易受限于当前的企业组织形式引发的分配性冲突,进而难以在谈判中获得实惠.而政府试图运用行政、法律、外交力量影响铁矿石谈判进程努力的受挫,暴露了残留的计划经济模式与现代市场经济之间的矛盾.如果这个矛盾不能妥善解决,将有可能阻碍中国企业战略竞争力的提高以及更广泛参与全球范围内国际分工和重组的效力.因此,如何界定政府在社会经济中的地位将成为解决中国经济现代化进程棘手问题的关键因素.     

在发展中解决民生问题

发展经济和改善民生是社会的两个密切相关的重大问题,改善民生是发展经济的目的,发展经济是改善民生的条件.我们大力发展社会主义市场经济,就是为了改善民生,让中国人过上更好的日子.没有改革开放带来的经济社会大发展,中国今天就没有可能、也没有资格像现在这样把改善民生问题提上各级政府的日程.     

财政政策、收入分配与经济增长——基于财富效用的视角

高增长、低消费和高投资是中国宏观经济的显著特征.笔者基于财富效用的视角,研究财政收支结构和收入分配对经济增长等的影响.建模分析发现,税率、对个人的转移支付、转移支付总额、政府消费、资本在效用中权重、政府投资外部性、收入水平和收入分配都影响着经济增长率和消费资本比.计量研究表明,经济增长在长期可由基尼系数、投资、政府消费、税收、转移支付、政府投资来解释,其短期波动则可由基尼系数、投资和政府投资来解释.所建模型可以解释中国经济的显著特征.     

中国区域经济发展的经济学分析

1.生产力层次推移理论 生产力层次推移理论是国际上的一种区域经济理论,即无论在世界范围内还是一国范围内,客观上存在着经济技术上的不同层次。     

Adam Smith's theory of economic history and economic development

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to show that Smith has a theory of economic history grounded in a politico-economic modeling (as well as a sort of economic theoretical modeling). In terms of the politico-economic approach, in the Wealth of Nations (Book III.ii–iv) Smith tried to offer a systematic account of economic development from feudalism to capitalism in Europe. These lead to suggest that the seeming internal inconsistency between the natural and the actual courses of progress in Book III may be resolved, and that Smith may be treated as a precursor of Douglass North, who stressed an inextricable link between the polity and the economy in economic history.     

Heterogeneous capital, economic growth, and economic development

This paper asks how much does physical capital contribute to economic growth. It postulates that capital is heterogeneous because of embodied progress, and it structures the inquiry to account for differences in economic development. Embedded in data that cover 120 nations over 41 years are 35 derived capital stock series, whose characteristics include average ages stratified by development state. Growth accountancy proceeds by regression analysis cast in a production function context and repeated for each capital type. Those results help to establish the growth contributions of labor quantity and quality and capital quantity and quality. They also bear on neoclassical convergence.     

经济全球化与我国对外经贸的发展

经济全球化发展的趋势 ９０年代以来,经济全球化以不可阻挡的强大力量向世界的每一个角落和各国经济生活的各个领域延伸。随着经济全球化的不断深入,世界各国经济都被纳入到统一的世界经济体系之中,各国经济相互渗透和相互依存已成为当今时代的一个重要特征。 经济全球化作为当代世界经济发展的一个根本特征,其意义是显而易见的。由于形成了全球市场,各国可以拥有更广阔的发展空间,可以突破单个国家市场规模和资源禀赋等方面的限制,在全球范围进行资源的优化配置,从而也就能带来更高的效益。由于经济全球化是建立在信息革命的基础上…     

The Polish economic collapse: Contributing factors and economic costs

The rapid expansion of industrial output in Poland during the 1970s came to an abrupt halt during the latter part of the decade. This paper examines the factors contributing to the economic collapse and measures the economic costs in terms of foregone output. The basic results indicate that, although a decline in hard-currency imports and labor-hours worked were substantial contributing factors, most of the decline in output is accounted for by factors such as planning, managerial difficulties, or political unrest. In addition the gap between actual and potential industrial output reached more than 35%.     

The economic spin

In business today “spinning” typically has a negative connotation. But it's more basic meaning, as a counter-twisting action producing multipurpose threads, actually better describes economic acts and relations. It especially illustrates Adam Smith's basic insight into the economic act as blending the mutual self-interests of buyers and sellers, of workers and employers, of borrowers and lenders. This meaning is obviously evident in private economic actions but it is also implicit in public undertakings. Indeed, just a few “look-sees” into the histories of national economies demonstrate the conclusion that where economic “weaving and spinning” interests are most effective, their economies evolve most productively and where not, they don’t.     

Thoreau's economic philosophy

Abstract

This paper provides an encompassing portrayal of Thoreau's economic thought. It is analyzed against the background of the history of economic thought and the economic thinking of his time. Thoreau's economic thought is an extensive examination of the ideas of classical political economy, and particularly of Jean-Baptiste Say, and it is a fundamental critique thereof. Thoreau recognizes that some aspects and foundations of the modern conception of the economy lead to an alienation of the human being from itself as well as to an alienation from nature. I demonstrate that this critique is a result of Thoreau's specific approach to the economy, which, based on his particular understanding of the human being and his philosophy of nature, seeks the meaning of the economy for human life and for nature. In this philosophical approach, which I characterize as an economic philosophy, Thoreau's deeper defiance of classical political economy and his original place within the history of economic thought are grounded. It leads Thoreau to an alternative conception of an economy of moderation, which is identified and described in detail. I conclude with considerations on the potential meaning of Thoreau's thought for current economic research.