金融保险会计准则与监管规定的分离趋势和我国的改革成果

金融保险会计准则与监管规定的分离是会计准则制定的独立性体现,对建立全球统一的高质量会计准则具有重要意义。会计准则和监管规定分离是由于会计目标和监管目标的差异而决定的,从国际金融市场多年的发展经验和中国会计改革的成果来看,会计规定与监管规定也是大势所趋。因此我国应该加强会计规定与金融监管政策之间的协调与衔接,提升金融保险会计信息透明度,维护金融安全与稳定,全面提升我国会计乃至整个金融经济的核心竞争力。     

金融类会计准则与银行业监管分离的研究

从现状看,金融类别特有的会计准则,从原初的分散状态,逐渐趋向统一.会计准则及多重行业特有的监管,应能设定明晰的分离规制.这种监管分离,密切关联着宏观态势下的经济进展,也折射着根本范畴内的会计需求.金融危机以后,国际建构的会计准则,凸显了偏大范畴的改动.例如:金融特性的工具、租赁及保险拟定的合同、公允价值依循的计量思路.从总趋势看,银行业平日之中的监管,应能与会计特有的准则分离.本文明晰了监管分离的路径.     

后危机时代会计准则与监管规则的差异与协调

会计准则与监管规则的差异与协调问题一直备受关注。在银行业加强外部监管、会计准则修订频度加快的后危机时代,作为准则制定机构、银行监管机构,如何理解、推动、协调二者之间的关系显得尤为重要。本文立足于银行视角,在阐述会计目标和监管目标差异的基础上,对会计准则和监管规则重要的差异点进行了梳理和归纳,分析并论述了差异的影响和未来的协调方向和手段,以期能为会计准则改进和金融稳定的微观制度建设提供一定的思路和参考。     

欧盟保险集团监管制度的借鉴与启示

应积极借鉴和引入偿付能力Ⅱ中保险集团监管标准,进一步完善我国保险集团监管要求,切实提升我国保险集团监管的科学性、适用性和可操作性随着金融综合经营日益普遍,特别是国际金融危机以来,大型金融保险集团显露出的风险隐蔽性和巨大破坏性等特点,促使监管机构更加重视对金融保险集团的管控,将于2014年1月1日正式实施的欧盟偿付能力Ⅱ     

商业银行会计与金融监管关系研究

商业银行作为现代我国金融领域的核心组成部分之一,其运营的稳健性和安全性关乎我国经济的发展。会计核算工作是商业银行对外信息披露及经营风险分析的基础,是会计指标与监管指标的桥梁。但是,目前我国会计准则与监管标准之间还存在理念、方法等方面的差异,基于此,本文以会计核算、会计要素为切入点结合商业银行监管指标,分析两者的内在粘性,提出商业银行会计应关注的风险点。     

会计准则与金融监管规则分离的探讨

后危机时代,IASB征求意见稿发布金融工具减值折射出金融监管规则对会计规则产生的"噪音",有违会计准则的相对独立性与客观性。会计准则与金融监管规则分离的存在模式体现了会计准则制定的独立性,对强化会计信息透明度与确保金融经济稳定发展意义重大。本文探讨了会计准则与金融监管规则分离的趋势性、必要性与合理性,试图为会计准则和金融监管规则分离的制度实践与我国会计准则的理性趋同提供建设性意见。     

电力监管会计理论框架要素的特殊性探讨

英美日等国家已经建立了监管会计准则以规范垄断行业的会计信息,建立一套适应我国国情的电力监管会计已成为一种必然的趋势。目前,我国监管会计理论研究尚处在起步阶段,本文就电力监管会计的理论框架要素进行了一些探讨,并指出电力监管会计作为现代会计的一个分支,其理论框架体系的要素及其逻辑关系应与财务会计理论体系基本一致。但是电力监管会计理论框架要素在其内涵和外延上都有新的涵义与扩展。主要表现在:电力监管会计目标、电力监管会计假设、电力监管会计要素等方面。这些特殊性是建立电力监管会计准则的基础,也是导致电力监管会计产生的原因。     

我国衍生金融工具会计风险防范探析

随着金融市场的不断发展,金融衍生工具不断创新,已经成为当今国际资本市场不可或缺的重要部分。同时,金融衍生工具的会计确认、计量以及信息披露等都存在一定的风险,也给规避风险带来了挑战。我国2006年颁布的会计准则没有对内容工具的信息披露等做出专门的规定,只是套用针对所有金融工具的准则和规定。本文针对新的国际金融市场特征和新的会计准则,分析了衍生金融工具的风险类型及其特征,以及其能利用会计监管手段加强风险规避等问题。     

我国衍生金融工具会计风险防范探析

随着金融市场的不断发展,金融衍生工具不断创新,已经成为当今国际资本市场不可或缺的重要部分。同时,金融衍生工具的会计确认、计量以及信息披露等都存在一定的风险,也给规避风险带来了挑战。我国2006年颁布的会计准则没有对内容工具的信息披露等做出专门的规定．只是套用针对所有金融工具的准则和规定。本文针对新的国际金融市场特征和新的会计准则．分析了衍生金融工具的风险类型及其特征,以及其能利用会计监管手段加强风险规避等问题。     

商业银行贷款损失准备会计与监管协调

贷款损失准备会计是商业银行会计和监管中的重要问题,不同的会计处理会影响到资本充足和拨备充足监管的有效性,但是会计准则和监管标准缺乏协调使得上市银行贷款损失准备会计信息的有用性和监管有效性降低。本文研究国际监管机构和相关会计准则制定机构对银行业贷款损失准备监管政策的协调,研究我国贷款损失准备会计和监管的协调,提出完善我国贷款减值会计和监管的政策建议。     

保险透明度监管的相关理论及文献研究综述

采用文献研究、比较分析等方法,对透明度监管的相关理论和历史文献进行回顾,从保险透明度监管产生的理论根源以及透明度监管与金融保险市场风险防范、保险公司治理、保险法律制度建设之间的影响关系进行综述,并对未来的研究进行展望。     

Accounting disclosure and firms' financial attributes: Evidence from the UK stock market

This paper focuses on the disclosure of accounting information in the financial statements of UK firms. The primary objective of the study is to analyse the financial characteristics of firms that provide extensive disclosures, and assess the financial impact of their motives, such as for example the need to raise equity finance. The study examines the financial attributes of firms that disclose information about key accounting issues including risk exposure, changes in accounting policies, use of international financial reporting standards and hedging practices. Firms are inclined to disclose accounting information in order to assure the market participants that their accounting policies are consistent with the accounting regulation and meet the information needs of their stakeholders. The study shows that in order to raise finance in the capital and debt markets, firms tend to provide extensive accounting disclosures. Firms that provide informative accounting disclosures appear to display higher size, growth and leverage measures. The findings also show that the disclosure of sensitive accounting information has not adversely affected firms' profitability. In fact, firms that provide detailed accounting disclosures tend to exhibit higher profitability. The implementation of international financial reporting standards enhances the quality and the comparability of financial statements; hence it promotes consistency and reliability in financial reporting and facilitates companies in raising capital internationally.     

Accounting for deferred tax in Japanese Banks and the consequences for their international operations

In recent years, financial reporting has changed in Japan towards the requirements of internationally recognized accounting standards. At the same time, banks suffered significant bad debts on their loans and it became difficult to maintain capital adequacy ratios at the level required for international operations. In this context, using as case studies the five major banking groups in Japan from 2002 to 2004, we address four related research questions concerned with the importance of deferred tax for the maintenance of regulatory capital. The responses of the government, regulatory agencies and auditors to problems with deferred tax accounting are also considered. We find that, without deferred tax assets, the five major banking groups would not have been allowed to operate internationally. We also suggest implications, and conclude that the solutions to these problems lie not just with the accounting profession but also with the government and regulatory agencies, as part of wider financial, rather than accounting, reform.     

On accounting standards and fair valuation of life insurance and pension liabilities

The actuarial profession is increasingly teaming up with financial economists for a fruitful cooperation on the proper valuation of life insurance and pension (L&P) liabilities. This has been a natural consequence of a recent sharply increased focus on market values in financial reports of L&P companies from regulators, standard setters, the financial press, stakeholders, and others with an interest in the L&P business.

This article provides a financial economist's point of view on recent developments in relation to the fair valuation of L&P liabilities. The role of accounting standards and the background for the international harmonization in this field are first discussed. We then review and explain the concept of fair value and provide a general view on appropriate techniques for estimating fair values of L&P liabilities in accordance with the definition of the concept. The paper also contains a section which briefly reviews recent and quite innovative regulatory initiatives in relation to market value reporting in the Danish market for life and pension insurance.     

The Accounting Standard-Setting Process In Australia: A Preparer's Perspective

Preparers of financial statements have a vital interest in the development of the accounting standards which set out the requirements for disclosure. This paper discusses some elements of the standard-setting structure and focuses on the crucial question of international harmonisation of accounting standards.     

How accounting and auditing systems can counteract risk-shifting of safety-nets in banking: Some international evidence

This paper suggests that accounting and auditing systems can be effective devices to counteract tendencies for firm risk-taking associated with bank safety nets. Results are obtained from an international sample of publicly traded banks after controlling for other regulatory control devices for bank risk such as restrictions on banking activities, minimum regulatory capital requirements and official discipline. The efficacy of accounting and auditing systems in controlling bank risk diminishes with bank charter value and increases with moral hazard stemming from a country's deposit insurance. The results also indicate that accounting and auditing systems are complements for minimum capital requirements, but substitutes for restrictions on bank activities and official discipline.     

破解会计诚信的二难命题

会计诚信事关保护投资者利益和社会经济健康发展,意义重大,国内外的众多法律法规以及会计行为准则中均有强制性要求,尽管如此,惊天财务舞弊案却屡屡曝出,原来会计在实际工作中遭遇了二难命题,出于利益考虑,他们选择了诚信无为的行动。如何破解该命题,以重塑会计诚信呢？根本的就是要解放会计人员,构建一个敢言敢为的环境,另外会计师事务所也应诚信地承担起相应的审计签证责任。成立独立的会计管理机构,统一向需求者配置会计人员;定期更换会计机构负责人和会计师事务所;给予会计人员揭露舞弊贪腐赦免权等措施直击会计失信失真乱象,必将会起到拨乱反正的效果。     

How accounting and auditing systems can counteract risk-shifting of safety-nets in banking: Some international evidence

This paper suggests that accounting and auditing systems can be effective devices to counteract tendencies for firm risk-taking associated with bank safety nets. Results are obtained from an international sample of publicly traded banks after controlling for other regulatory control devices for bank risk such as restrictions on banking activities, minimum regulatory capital requirements and official discipline. The efficacy of accounting and auditing systems in controlling bank risk diminishes with bank charter value and increases with moral hazard stemming from a country's deposit insurance. The results also indicate that accounting and auditing systems are complements for minimum capital requirements, but substitutes for restrictions on bank activities and official discipline.     

Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Beaufsichtigung und Rechnungslegung von Versicherungsunternehmen: IFRS und Solvency II

Accounting and supervision are closely related, especially via the determination of regulatory capital. As a precondition for the harmonisation of solvency rules within Europe, as discussed in the context of Solvency II, there is a need for harmonised accounting rules regarding the recognition and measurement of assets and liabilities. The International Financial Reporting Standards resp. International Accounting Standards (IFRS resp. IAS) are used as a starting point. Insurance contracts are accounted for under IFRS 4, published in March 2004, which is only established as an interim standard allowing insurance companies to continue their existing accounting policy without major changes in their accounting systems. The IASB has just begun working on a final standard (Phase II). The IASB’s work on the final standard should be taken into account for the determination of regulatory capital as well. The third pillar of Solvency II is an additional connection between international accounting standards and the Solvency II project: extensive disclosure requirements companies shall provide disciplinary transparency with regard to their risk management systems and risk profiles.     

The political economy of financial harmonization: The East Asian financial crisis and the rise of international accounting standards

In the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis, western nations established a new international financial architecture that relied upon enhanced financial transparency and international financial standards, including international financial reporting and auditing standards, to govern an expanding and crisis-prone international financial system. This paper examines the West’s response to financial crisis in the late 1990s and its implications for the rise and diffusion of international accounting standards from a theoretical perspective that blends institutional analysis and political economy. The aim is to understand how the history of accounting has both shaped and been shaped by transformations in the late 20th century international political economy where financial capital and the power of the financial sector play an increasingly central role in the process of accumulation.